TEROXIRONE

Teroxirone is a high-functionality epoxy material developed for advanced thermosetting resin systems that demand superior mechanical integrity and chemical durability.
Teroxirone is generally based on glycidyl ether chemistry and is used to increase crosslink density, chemical resistance, and thermal stability in epoxy formulations.
Teroxirone is mainly used as curing agent for carboxyl-containing polyester and carboxy acrylic resin powder coatings.

CAS Number: 2451-62-9
EC Number: 219-514-3
Molecular Formula: C12H15N3O6
Molecular Weight: 297.27 g/mol

Synonyms: |A-Triglycidyl isocyanurate, alpha-1,3,5-Tris(2,3-epoxypropyl)-s-triazine-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-trione, 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-trione, 1,3,5-tris(oxiranylmethyl)-, (alpha)-, orb1740442, s-Triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione, 1,3,5-tris(2,3-epoxypropyl)-, alpha-, 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione, 1,3,5-tris(oxiranylmethyl)-, (1(R*),3(R*),5(S*))-(+-)-, 5-[[(2S)-oxiran-2-yl]methyl]-1,3-bis[[(2R)-oxiran-2-yl]methyl]-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione, TRIGLYCIDYL ISOCYANURATE, .ALPHA.-, CS-0082046, D06080, TRIGLYCIDYL ISOCYANURATE .ALPHA.-FORM [MI], 1,3,5-TRIAZINE-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-TRIONE, 1,3,5-TRIS(OXIRANYLMETHYL)-, (1(R*),3(R*),5(S*))-(+/-)-, 1,3,5-TRIAZINE-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-TRIONE, 1,3-BIS((2R)-2-OXIRANYLMETHYL)-5-((2S)-2-OXIRANYLMETHYL)-, REL-, 1,3-BIS((2R)-2-OXIRANYLMETHYL)-5-((2S)-2-OXIRANYLMETHYL)-1,3,5-TRIAZINE-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-TRIONE, 1,3-Bis{[(2R)-oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-5-{[(2S)-oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione, (RS,RS,SR)-1,3,5-Tris(2,3-epoxypropyl)-s-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione, 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione, 1,3,5-tris(oxiranylmethyl)-, 1,3,5-triglycidyl-s-triazinetrione, 1,3,5-Tris(2-oxiranylmethyl)-1,3,5-triazinan-2,4,6-trion, 1,3,5-Tris(2-oxiranylmethyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione, 1,3,5-Tris(2-oxiranylméthyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione, 1,3,5-Tris(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione, 219-514-3, 2451-62-9, T6NVNVNVJ A1- BT3OTJ& C1- BT3OTJ& E1- BT3OTJ, TEPIC, teroxirona, Teroxirone, téroxirone, teroxironum, Triglycidyl Isocyanurate, тероксирон, تيروكسيرون, 替罗昔隆, 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4, 6 (1H,3H,5H)-trione, 1,3,5-tris(oxiranylmethyl)-, 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione, 1,3,5-tris(2-oxiranylmethyl)-, 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione, 1,3,5-tris[(2R)-2-oxiranylmethyl]-, rel-, 1,3,5-Triglycidyl Isocyanurate, 1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYLISOCYANURATE, 1,3,5-Triglycidylisocyanuric acid, 1,3,5-tris(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)-1,3,5-triazaperhydroine-2,4,6-trione, 1,3,5-Tris(oxiranylmethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione, Araldite PT 810, Glycidyl isocyanurate, Henkel's compound, isocyanurate, tris(2,3-epoxypropyl)-, MFCD00080670, N,N′,N″-Triglycidyl isocyanurate, s-Triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione, 1,3,5-tris(2,3-epoxypropyl)-, s-Triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione, tris(2,3-epoxypropyl)-, teroxirona, téroxirone, teroxironum, TGT, Tri(epoxypropyl)isocyanurate, Triglycidylisocyanurate, Tris(2,3-epoxypropyl) isocyanurate, Tris(2,3-epoxypropyl)isocyanurate, Tris(epoxypropyl)isocyanurate, α-1,3,5-Tris(2,3-epoxypropyl)-s-triazine-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-trione, β-Triglycidyl isocyanurate, тероксирон, تيروكسيرون, 替罗昔隆, Teroxirone, Henkel's compound, 59653-73-5, alpha-Triglycidyl isocyanurate, Teroxironum, Teroxirona, ALPHATGI, NSC-296934, alpha-TGI, alpha-TGT, GATGI, 456V4159SL, DTXSID301318560, RefChem:203362, DTXCID901748367, alpha-1,3,5-triglycidyl-s-triazinetrione, NSC296934, 24N3OU2YDR, Triglycidyl isocyanurate, (R,R,S)-, UNII-24N3OU2YDR, (RS,RS,SR)-1,3,5-Tris(2,3-epoxypropyl)-s-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione, Teroxirone (USAN), TEROXIRONE [USAN], BRN 0765833, 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione, 1,3-bis((2R)-2-oxiranylmethyl)-5-((2S)-2-oxiranylmethyl)-, 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione, 1,3-bis((2R)-oxiranylmethyl)-5-((2S)-oxiranylmethyl)-, 1,5-bis[[(2R)-oxiran-2-yl]methyl]-3-[[(2S)-oxiran-2-yl]methyl]-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione, 240408-79-1, Teroxirone [USAN:INN], Teroxironum [INN-Latin], Teroxirona [INN-Spanish], .alpha.-triglycidyl isocyanurate, UNII-456V4159SL, TEROXIRONE [INN]

Teroxirone is a high-functionality epoxy material developed for advanced thermosetting resin systems that demand superior mechanical integrity and chemical durability.
Teroxirone is typically formulated as a solid epoxy compound with multiple reactive oxirane groups, enabling the formation of highly crosslinked polymer matrices when cured with suitable hardeners such as amines, anhydrides, or phenolic curing agents.
The multifunctional nature of Teroxirone allows it to significantly increase network density, resulting in improved hardness, abrasion resistance, dimensional stability, and long-term performance under mechanical stress.

Due to its robust molecular backbone and reactive epoxy functionality, Teroxirone contributes to elevated glass transition temperatures (Tg) and enhanced resistance to solvents, acids, alkalis, and environmental degradation.
Teroxirone is frequently incorporated into industrial protective coatings, structural adhesives, composite materials, and electrical encapsulation systems where thermal endurance and structural strength are critical.
In powder coating and solvent-free formulations, Teroxirone supports environmentally compliant processing while maintaining excellent surface finish and adhesion properties.

Teroxirone is valued for its balanced reactivity, allowing controlled curing behavior and reliable processing performance in demanding manufacturing environments.
Teroxirone's combination of chemical resistance, thermal stability, and mechanical reinforcement makes Teroxirone suitable for heavy-duty industrial applications requiring extended service life and consistent protective performance.

Teroxirone is a triazene triepoxide with antineoplastic activity.
Teroxine alkylates and cross-links DNA, thereby inhibiting DNA replication.

Teroxirone is a triazene triepoxide patented by Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij NV as an antineoplastic agent.
Teroxirone alkylates and cross-links DNA, thereby inhibiting DNA replication.

Teroxirone has good cytotoxic activity against sublines of P388 and L1210 leukemias resistant to another alkylating agent.
In preclinical trials, Teroxirone shows potent antineoplastic activity against murine tumors.
In clinical trials, Teroxirone shows good anticancer activity and high rate of adverse events including nausea, vomiting, and myelosuppression.

Teroxirone be used as a crosslinking agent for polyester resins.
Teroxirone is mainly used as curing agent for carboxyl-containing polyester and carboxy acrylic resin powder coatings.
Teroxirone can also be used in the manufacture of electrical insulation material laminates, printed circuits, various tools, adhesives, plastic stabilizers, etc.

Teroxirone is a trade name typically used for a solid epoxy resin or multifunctional epoxy crosslinking agent designed for high-performance thermosetting systems.
Teroxirone is generally based on glycidyl ether chemistry and is used to increase crosslink density, chemical resistance, and thermal stability in epoxy formulations.
Teroxirone is commonly supplied as a solid resin or powder and is incorporated into coatings, adhesives, electrical laminates, and composite systems where durability and mechanical strength are critical.

Teroxirone provides good adhesion to metal substrates, excellent solvent resistance, and enhanced hardness after curing.
Teroxirone reacts with amine, anhydride, or phenolic curing agents in an exothermic crosslinking reaction, forming a tightly bonded three-dimensional polymer network.
Teroxirone's performance characteristics make it suitable for protective coatings, industrial flooring systems, structural bonding applications, and electrical encapsulation materials requiring long-term stability and high glass transition temperature.

Applications of Teroxirone:
Teroxirone is widely applied in industrial protective coatings, structural adhesives, composite materials, and electrical encapsulation systems where high mechanical strength and chemical resistance are required.
Teroxirone is incorporated into thermosetting powder coatings and solvent-free epoxy formulations to enhance hardness, abrasion resistance, and long-term durability.

In heavy-duty coating systems, Teroxirone provides improved corrosion protection and environmental resistance for metal substrates exposed to harsh conditions.
Teroxirone is also used in fiber-reinforced composites and laminates to increase crosslink density and dimensional stability, as well as in electrical potting and insulation materials where thermal stability and dielectric performance are essential.

Industrial Protective Coatings:
Teroxirone is used in heavy-duty protective coating systems for metal structures exposed to chemicals, moisture, and corrosive environments.

Powder Coatings:
Teroxirone is incorporated into thermosetting powder coating formulations to improve hardness, weather resistance, and surface durability.

Structural Adhesives:
Teroxirone is applied in high-performance adhesive systems requiring strong bonding strength, mechanical integrity, and thermal resistance.

Electrical Encapsulation:
Teroxirone is utilized in electrical insulation compounds, potting materials, and encapsulation systems where dielectric strength and heat resistance are essential.

Composite Materials:
Teroxirone is used in fiber-reinforced composites and laminates to enhance crosslink density, dimensional stability, and mechanical performance.

Industrial Flooring Systems:
Teroxirone is incorporated into epoxy flooring and mortar systems to improve abrasion resistance, chemical durability, and load-bearing capacity.

Advantages of Teroxirone:
Teroxirone offers significant advantages in high-performance epoxy formulations due to its multifunctional reactive structure and strong molecular backbone.
Teroxirone enhances crosslink density, resulting in superior mechanical strength, improved hardness, and excellent abrasion resistance in cured systems.

Teroxirone contributes to elevated glass transition temperature (Tg), providing better thermal stability and long-term dimensional integrity under heat exposure.
Teroxirone also improves chemical resistance against solvents, acids, and alkalis, making it suitable for harsh industrial environments.
In addition, Teroxirone supports strong adhesion to various substrates and enables the development of durable, solvent-free coating and adhesive systems with reliable processing behavior and consistent performance.

Production of Teroxirone:
Teroxirone is produced through controlled epoxy resin synthesis processes involving the reaction of suitable polyhydric phenols or multifunctional core compounds with epichlorohydrin under alkaline conditions.
In the initial stage, the hydroxyl-containing precursor reacts with excess epichlorohydrin to form intermediate chlorohydrin derivatives.
This step is carried out under carefully controlled temperature and agitation to ensure complete functional substitution and uniform molecular distribution.

In the subsequent stage, dehydrochlorination is performed using an alkaline agent such as sodium hydroxide, converting the chlorohydrin groups into reactive epoxy (oxirane) rings.
The reaction mixture is then neutralized and washed to remove inorganic salts and residual alkali.
Further purification steps, including filtration and vacuum stripping, are applied to eliminate unreacted epichlorohydrin and volatile impurities.

The final product is obtained as a solid epoxy material with controlled epoxy equivalent weight and consistent reactivity.
Strict quality control measures are implemented during production to ensure high purity, stable functionality, and reliable performance in thermosetting coating, adhesive, and composite applications.

Stability and Reactivity of Teroxirone:

Chemical stability:
Teroxirone is stable under normal storage and handling conditions when kept in tightly closed containers.

Reactivity:
Teroxirone reacts exothermically with curing agents such as amines.
Anhydrides.
Phenolic hardeners during polymerization.

Conditions to avoid:
Excessive heat.
Open flames.

Moisture contamination.
Dust generation.
Uncontrolled mixing with hardeners.

Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents.
Strong acids.

Strong bases.
Reactive amine compounds in uncontrolled conditions.

Hazardous decomposition products:
Thermal decomposition or combustion may produce carbon oxides (CO, CO₂).
Irritating organic fumes.

Handling and Storage of Teroxirone:

Handling:
Avoid inhalation of dust.
Avoid contact with skin or eyes.

Use adequate ventilation.
Follow good industrial hygiene practices.
Avoid generating dust.

Storage:
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat sources and direct sunlight.

Storage conditions:
Keep containers tightly sealed to prevent moisture ingress and contamination.

Shelf life:
Stable when stored properly in original unopened packaging under recommended conditions.

First Aid Measures of Teroxirone:

Inhalation:
Move the affected person to fresh air and keep at rest.
Seek medical attention if symptoms persist.

Skin contact:
Remove contaminated clothing.
Wash skin thoroughly with soap and water.

Eye contact:
Rinse cautiously with water for at least 15 minutes.
Seek medical attention if irritation continues.

Ingestion:
Rinse mouth with water.
Do not induce vomiting.
Seek medical advice if discomfort occurs.

Firefighting Measures of Teroxirone:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Dry chemical powder.
Carbon dioxide (CO₂).
Foam.
Water spray.

Specific hazards:
Combustion may release toxic fumes including carbon oxides.

Protective equipment:
Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Full protective clothing.

Accidental Release Measures of Teroxirone:

Personal precautions:
Avoid dust formation.
Ensure adequate ventilation.
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent material from entering drains, surface waters, or soil.

Methods for cleanup:
Sweep or collect spilled material carefully to minimize dust.
Place in suitable containers for disposal according to local regulations.

Exposure Controls / Personal Protective Equipment of Teroxirone:

Engineering controls:
Provide local exhaust ventilation to control airborne dust concentrations.

Respiratory protection:
Use an approved dust mask or respirator if exposure limits may be exceeded.

Hand protection:
Wear chemical-resistant gloves such as nitrile or neoprene.

Eye protection:
Wear safety goggles or a face shield.

Skin protection:
Wear protective clothing to prevent prolonged skin contact.

Identifiers of Teroxirone:
CAS Name: Teroxirone
Molecular Formula: C12H15N3O6
Molecular Mass: 297.26
InChI: InChI=1/C12H15N3O6/c16-10-13(1-7-4-19-7)11(17)15(3-9-6-21-9)12(18)14(10)2-8-5-20-8/h7-9H,1-6H2/t7-,8-,9+/s2
InChIKey: InChIKey=OUPZKGBUJRBPGC-NGWRPYAKNA-N
SMILES: C(N1C(=O)N(C[C@@H]2CO2)C(=O)N(C[C@H]3CO3)C1=O)[C@@H]4CO4
Canonical SMILES: O=C1N(C(=O)N(C(=O)N1CC2OC2)CC3OC3)CC4OC4

M.Wt: 297.26
Cas No.: 2451-62-9
Formula: C12H15N3O6
Solubility: ≥49.5 mg/mL in DMSO; ≥6.3 mg/mL in EtOH with ultrasonic; ≥4.2 mg/mL in H2O with ultrasonic
Chemical Name: 1,3,5-tris(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione
Canonical SMILES: O=C(N(CC1OC1)C(N1CC2OC2)=O)N(CC2OC2)C1=O

Stereochemistry: RACEMIC
Molecular Formula: C12H15N3O6
Molecular Weight: 297.264
Optical Activity: ( + / - )
Defined Stereocenters: 3 / 3

Molecular formula: C12H15N3O6
Average mass: 297.267
Monoisotopic mass: 297.096085
ChemSpider ID: 16226

Chemical Family: Trifunctional epoxy compound
CAS Number: 2451-62-9
EC Number: 219-514-3
Molecular Formula: C12H15N3O6
Molecular Weight: 297.27 g/mol
Physical State: Solid
Appearance: White to off-white crystalline powder

Properties of Teroxirone:
Molecular Weight: 297.26 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -1.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 6
Exact Mass: 297.09608521 Da
Monoisotopic Mass: 297.09608521 Da
Topological Polar Surface Area: 98.5 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 21
Complexity: 416
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 3
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Physical state: Crystalline solid
Appearance: White to off-white powder or flakes
Odor: Mild or nearly odorless
Melting point: Approx. 90–110 °C
Epoxy equivalent weight (EEW): Approx. 100–110 g/eq
Density (25 °C): Approx. 1.30–1.35 g/cm³
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water; soluble in many organic solvents
Flash point: >200 °C