TERPHENYL

Terphenyl is an important aromatic compound used in specialty chemical manufacturing, thermal systems, and the development of functional organic materials.
Terphenyl's rigid multi-ring structure supports good thermal performance and makes it suitable for applications involving fluorescence, radiation detection, and advanced molecular design. 
Terphenyl also serves as a useful precursor for producing high-value aromatic derivatives used across research and industrial chemistry.

CAS Number: 26140-60-3
EC Number: 202-205-2
Molecular Formula: C18H22
Molecular Weight: 238.36728 g/mol

Synonyms: p-Terphenyl, 92-94-4, 1,4-Diphenylbenzene, 1,1':4',1''-TERPHENYL, p-Diphenylbenzene, p-Triphenyl, 4-Phenylbiphenyl, para-terphenyl, 4-Phenyldiphenyl, Biphenyl, 4-phenyl-, Tannin from pyrogallol, 1,1'-Biphenyl, 4-phenyl-, NSC 6810, DTXSID6029121, GWP218ZY6F, NSC-6810, DTXCID907888, CHEBI:52242, T-3203, 1,4-terphenyl, RefChem:1094217, CHEBI:75874, 202-205-2, 4-phenyl-1,1'-biphenyl, PTP, MFCD00003061, CHEMBL491582, p-Terphenyl (purified by sublimation), Pyrogallol tannin, F0486-1779, CCRIS 1657, HSDB 5280, EINECS 202-205-2, UNII-GWP218ZY6F, triphenyl-, AI3-00847, PPP (scintillator), TANNIN PYROGALLOL, TERPHENYL, P-, P-PHENYLENE TRIMER, WLN: RR DR, SCHEMBL21448, SCHEMBL24983, SCHEMBL25097, SCHEMBL25683, SCHEMBL208526, 1,1':4',1"-Terphenyl, orb2564053, SCHEMBL2448169, SCHEMBL5047733, SCHEMBL5581746, SCHEMBL9458255, p-Terphenyl, analytical standard, SCHEMBL11972847, SCHEMBL11972848, SCHEMBL11973060, SCHEMBL17200847, SCHEMBL18221911, NSC6810, SMSSF-0056717, Tox21_202759, BDBM50260180, MSK001314, p-Terphenyl, >=99.5% (HPLC), SBB058655, STL069547, TN7773, p-Terphenyl suitable for scintillation, AKOS005111366, 1,1'':4'',1''''-Terphenyl, CS-W014689, FD34319, CAS-92-94-4, MSK001314-1000B, NCGC00164113-01, NCGC00260306-01, AC-18695, AS-12803, DB-038209, MSK001314-1000, 1~1~,2~1~:2~4~,3~1~-Terphenyl, NS00003485, ST45053318, EN300-21317, p-Terphenyl Solution in Acetone, 1000?g/mL, p-Terphenyl Solution in Acetone, 1000ug/mL, D92686, AB-131/40897106, F358289, Q20965188, Z104495322, p-Terphenyl, suitable for scintillation, >=98.5% (HPLC), InChI=1/C18H14/c1-3-7-15(8-4-1)17-11-13-18(14-12-17)16-9-5-2-6-10-16/h1-14, 1,1′:2′, 1″-Terphenyl, 1,1′:2′,1″-Terphenyl, 1,1′:2′,1″-Terphenyl, 1,1′:2′,1″-Terphényl, 1,2-diphenylbenzene, 201-517-6, 84-15-1, diphenylbenzene, o-Terphenyl, ortho-terphenyl, Terphenyl, -terphenyl, 1,1:2,1-Terphenyl, 1,1′-Biphenyl, 2-phenyl-, 1,2-di(phenyl)benzene, 1228780-49-1, 2-PHENYL-1,1′-BIPHENYL, 2-Phenylbiphenyl, 202-122-1, 202-205-2, 247-477-3, 262-968-2, 5142-67-6, 98%, Delowax OM, Delowax S, O-TERPHENYL (D14), o-Terphenyl-d14, orthoterphenyl, Triphenyl, 邻三联苯

Terphenyls are a group of aromatic hydrocarbons.
Terphenyl is consist of a central benzene ring substituted with two phenyl groups.

There are three substitution patterns: ortho-terphenyl, meta-terphenyl, and para-terphenyl.
Terphenyl is generally a mixture of the three isomers.
Terphenyl is used in the production of polychlorinated terphenyls, which were formerly used as heat storage and transfer agents.

Terphenyl is an aromatic hydrocarbon composed of three benzene rings linked together, with the molecular formula C18H14.
Terphenyl occurs mainly as three structural isomers: ortho-terphenyl, meta-terphenyl, and para-terphenyl, each showing different physical and thermal characteristics.
Terphenyl compounds are used in heat-transfer fluids, specialty chemical synthesis, scintillation materials, optical applications, and as intermediates in the production of advanced aromatic compounds.

Terphenyl appears as white or light-yellow needles or leaves.
Terphenyl is soluble in hot benzene.

Terphenyl is very soluble in hot ethyl alcohol.
Usually shipped as a solid mixture with its isomers o-terphenyl and m-terphenyl that is used as a heat-transfer fluid.

o-Terphenyl, also known as 1,2-Diphenylbenzene, is an aromatic hydrocarbon with a high pyrolysis resistance and low volatility.
Terphenyl is commonly used as a building block for large number of functional molecules.

Terphenyl mixtures are used as heat transfer media, dye carriers, and in the production of lubricants.
Terphenyl mixtures are used industrially as heat storage and transfer agents, as textile dye carriers, and as intermediates in the production of nonspreading lubricants.
From 1960-1970, technical grade terphenyls were used as coolants for nuclear reactors, whereas contemporary use has been in solar-heating systems.

Applications of Terphenyl:
Terphenyl is used in high-temperature heat-transfer fluids because of its good thermal stability and resistance to decomposition under controlled operating conditions.
Terphenyl is applied in organic scintillation materials for radiation detection and nuclear research.

Terphenyl derivatives are used in optical brighteners, fluorescent materials, and specialized photochemical systems.
Terphenyl serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dyes, pigments, and other specialty aromatic compounds.

Terphenyl-based structures are also used in liquid-crystal research, electronic materials, and advanced organic materials.
In industrial and laboratory chemistry, Terphenyl is valued as a stable aromatic building block for producing highly conjugated and thermally resistant molecules.

Hybrid Edge Results in Narrowed Band Gap:

Bottom-up Liquid-Phase Synthesis of Bent N = 6/8 Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons.:
This study demonstrates a bottom-up liquid-phase synthesis of bent armchair graphene nanoribbons with a hybrid edge structure, resulting in a narrowed band gap.
The application of o-Terphenyl in this synthesis is crucial for achieving the desired properties of the nanoribbons.

White Light from Blue Fluorescence and Sensitized Yellow Long-Afterglow Phosphorescence of o-Terphenyl in Its ο-Acid Base Adduct with Ag(3)Pz(3).:
The research explores the optical properties of o-Terphenyl in a complex with Ag(3)Pz(3), showing its potential in white light generation through blue fluorescence and yellow long-afterglow phosphorescence.

Regularized Dynamical Decoupling Noise Spectroscopy - A Decoherence Descriptor for Radicals in Glassy Matrices.:
This paper describes the use of o-Terphenyl as a glassy matrix for noise spectroscopy, providing insights into the decoherence processes of radicals.
The findings highlight o-Terphenyl′s role in stabilizing radicals for advanced spectroscopic applications.

Counterion Influence on Dynamic Spin Properties in a V(iv) Complex.:
The influence of counterions on the dynamic spin properties of a V(iv) complex is investigated, with o-Terphenyl playing a role in modulating the magnetic properties of the complex.
This study underscores the material′s significance in magnetic resonance applications.
1,2-diphenylbenzene is used in the synthesis of organorubidium complex via birch reduction.

Terphenyl is a high-performance heat transfer oil.
Terphenyl's main components are a mixture of partially hydrogenated terphenyl isomers, obtained by partially hydrogenating a mixture of ortho-, meta-, and para-terphenyls in different proportions (saturation level of 39%).

Terphenyl possesses excellent thermal stability, oxidation resistance, and low vapor pressure properties, and is widely used in petrochemical, synthetic fiber, synthetic resin, pharmaceutical, and printing and dyeing industries.
Terphenyl is applied in high-temperature heat transfer and heating equipment systems, chemical fiber polymerization (polyester, nylon polymerization, dry spandex spinning), organosilicon monomer synthesis, trichlorosilane and polysilicon, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, dye intermediates, and other fine chemicals and biodiesel.

Chemical Properties of Terphenyl:
There are multiple isomeric terphenyls, all having the formula C6H5-C6H4-C6H5.
Pure terphenyl is a white, crystalline solid.

Terphenyls are light yellow.
All three isomers are unusually stable toward heat.

Occurrence of Terphenyl:
Terphenyl derivatives are found in various fungi and bacteria.
One example is atromentin, a pigment found in some mushrooms.

These natural Terphenyls are better described as diphenylquinones or diphenylhydroquinones.
Some m-terphenyl compounds occur in plants.

Stability and Reactivity of Terphenyl:

Chemical stability:
Terphenyl is stable under normal ambient temperatures and recommended storage conditions.

Reactivity:
No hazardous reactions are expected during normal processing and handling.

Conditions to avoid:
Avoid excessive heat, open flames, ignition sources, dust generation, and contact with incompatible materials.

Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents should be avoided.

Hazardous decomposition products:
Thermal decomposition or combustion may generate carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and irritating vapors.

Handling and Storage of Terphenyl:

Safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of dust and unnecessary contact with the skin and eyes.
Use adequate ventilation and appropriate protective equipment during handling.

Storage conditions:
Keep containers tightly closed in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated place away from heat, ignition sources, and strong oxidizing agents.

First Aid Measures of Terphenyl:

Inhalation:
Move the affected person to fresh air and obtain medical attention if symptoms develop.

Skin contact:
Remove contaminated clothing and wash the affected area thoroughly with water and soap.

Eye contact:
Rinse immediately with plenty of water for several minutes and obtain medical attention if irritation continues.

Ingestion:
Rinse the mouth with water and seek medical advice if discomfort occurs.

Firefighting Measures of Terphenyl:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, dry chemical powder, carbon dioxide, or suitable foam according to surrounding fire conditions.

Protective equipment:
Firefighters should wear full protective equipment and self-contained breathing apparatus where required.

Fire hazards:
Terphenyl is combustible, and heating or combustion may produce irritating fumes.

Accidental Release Measures of Terphenyl:

Personal precautions:
Ensure adequate ventilation, eliminate ignition sources, avoid dust formation, and wear suitable personal protective equipment.

Cleanup methods:
Carefully sweep, vacuum, or collect spilled material into an appropriate closed container while minimizing airborne dust.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent significant quantities from entering drains, surface water, or soil.

Exposure Controls/Personal Protection of Terphenyl:

Engineering controls:
Provide adequate general or local exhaust ventilation where dust may be generated.

Eye protection:
Wear suitable safety glasses or protective goggles.

Hand protection:
Use appropriate chemical-resistant protective gloves.

Body protection:
Wear suitable protective work clothing.

Respiratory protection:
Use appropriate particulate respiratory protection when ventilation is insufficient or significant airborne dust is generated.

Identifiers of Terphenyl:
Product Number: T0019
Purity / Analysis Method: >99.0%(GC)
Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: C18H14 = 230.31
Physical State (20 deg.C): Solid
Storage Temperature: Room Temperature (Recommended in a cool and dark place, <15°C)
CAS RN: 84-15-1
Reaxys Registry Number: 1908446
PubChem Substance ID: 87576043
SDBS (AIST Spectral DB): 1198
MDL Number: MFCD00003055

Linear Formula: C6H5C6H4C6H5
CAS Number: 84-15-1
Molecular Weight: 230.30
UNSPSC Code: 12352100
NACRES: NA.22
PubChem Substance ID: 24900080
EC Number: 201-517-6
Beilstein/REAXYS Number: 1908446
MDL Number: MFCD00003055
Assay: 99%

Product Name: terphenyl
CAS: 26140-60-3
MF: C18H14
MW: 230.30376
EINECS: 247-477-3

CAS Number: 92-94-4 (para)
CAS Number: 92-06-8 (meta)
CAS Number: 84-15-1 (ortho)
CAS Number: 26140-60-3 (unspecified)
3D Model (JSmol): Interactive image
(para): Interactive image
Beilstein Reference: 1908447
ChEBI: CHEBI:52242
ChEMBL: ChEMBL491582
ChemSpider: 6848 (para)
ECHA InfoCard: 100.043.146
EC Number: 202-205-2
PubChem CID: 7115
RTECS Number: WZ6475000
UNII: GWP218ZY6F (para)
UNII: WOI2PSS0KX (meta)
UNII: W5675R7KVW (ortho)
UNII: LFX1C55D2Z (unspecified)
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID2027888
InChI: InChI=1S/C18H14/c1-3-7-15(8-4-1)17-11-13-18(14-12-17)16-9-5-2-6-10-16/h1-14H
Key: XJKSTNDFUHDPQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
(para): InChI=1/C18H14/c1-3-7-15(8-4-1)17-11-13-18(14-12-17)16-9-5-2-6-10-16/h1-14H
Key: XJKSTNDFUHDPQJ-UHFFFAOYAJ
SMILES: C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3
(para): c1ccc(cc1)c2ccc(cc2)c3ccccc3

CAS No.: 61788-32-7
Chemical Name: Terphenyl, hydrogenated
CBNumber: CB7907847
Molecular Formula: C18H22
Molecular Weight: 238.36728
MDL Number: MFCD01776909

Quality Segment: 100
Assay: 99%
Boiling Point: 337 °C (lit.)
Melting Point: 56-59 °C (lit.)
Functional Group: phenyl
SMILES String: c1ccc(cc1)-c2ccccc2-c3ccccc3
InChI: 1S/C18H14/c1-3-9-15(10-4-1)17-13-7-8-14-18(17)16-11-5-2-6-12-16/h1-14H
InChI Key: OIAQMFOKAXHPNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Properties of Terphenyl:
Melting Point: 210-211 °C
Boiling Point: 307.3°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1.0829 (estimate)
Refractive Index: 1.5500 (estimate)
Form: Colorless or light yellow solids
Dielectric Constant: 2.3(21.0℃)
EPA Substance Registry System: Terphenyl (26140-60-3)

Chemical Formula: C18H14
Molar Mass: 230.310 g·mol−1
Appearance: White powder
Density: 1.24 g/cm3
Melting Point: 212 to 214 °C (414 to 417 °F; 485 to 487 K)
212-213 °C
Boiling Point: 389 °C (732 °F; 662 K)
Solubility in Water: Insoluble
Refractive Index (nD): 1.65

Molecular Weight: 230.3 g/mol
XLogP3: 5.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 0
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 230.109550447 Da
Monoisotopic Mass: 230.109550447 Da
Topological Polar Surface Area: 0 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 18
Complexity: 198
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Boiling Point: 340℃
Density: 1.00 g/cm3
Vapor Pressure: 0.174 Pa at 20℃
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), DMSO (Slightly)
Form: Oil
Color: Pale Yellow to Light Yellow
Viscosity: 133mm2/s
Water Solubility: 61μg/L at 20℃
Exposure Limits: EU LTEL: 2 ppm(19 mg/m3); EU STEL: 5 ppm(48 mg/m3)
InChI: InChI=1S/C18H22/c1-3-7-15(8-4-1)17-11-13-18(14-12-17)16-9-5-2-6-10-16/h1,3,5,9,11-16H,2,4,6-8,10H2
InChIKey: TVBYFUMVFJKKNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: C1(C2CCCC=C2)=CC=C(C2CCC=CC2)C=C1
LogP: 6.5 at 20℃
Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC) Candidate List: Terphenyl, hydrogenated (61788-32-7)
FDA 21 CFR: 175.105
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: TERPHENYL, HYDROGENATED
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: DODECAHYDROTERPHENYL (N5V9ZBL13V)
HEXAHYDROTERPHENYL (Q7O1840W82)
EPA Substance Registry System: Hydrogenated terphenyl (61788-32-7)

Specifications of Terphenyl:
Appearance: White to Almost white powder to crystal
Purity (GC): min. 99.0 %
Melting Point: 56.0 to 59.0 °C
Solubility in Toluene: almost transparency
NMR: confirm to structure

Infrared Spectrum: Conforms
Melting Point: 211°C to 216°C
GC: >=99.0 %
Appearance (Form): flakes
Appearance (Color): White to light beige
Appearance (Form): Glistening crystalline powder or crystals or

Names of Terphenyl:

Preferred IUPAC name:
11,21:24,31-Terphenyl

Other names:
1,1′:4′,1″-Terphenyl
p-Terphenyl
1,4-Diphenylbenzene
para-Diphenylbenzene
p-Diphenylbenzene
para-Triphenyl
p-Triphenyl