Quick Search
Tertiary butyl alcohol 99% is a versatile solvent for use in numerous applications including industrial process solvent, reaction solvent, and chemical intermediate.
Tertiary butyl alcohol 99% is considered high purity and is miscible with water and most organic solvents.
Tertiary butyl alcohol 99% is an ideal solvent due to its stability, low reactivity, and excellent solvating and coupling capabilities.
CAS: 75-65-0
MF: C4H10O
MW: 74.12
EINECS: 200-889-7
Synonyms
t-Butyl Alcohol 〔2-Methyl-2-propanol〕;tert-Butanol EMPLURA.;tert-Butanol for analysis EMSURE ACS,Reag. Ph Eur;tert-ButanolACS reagent, ≥ 99.0% (GC);tert-Butanol, extra pure, 99.5%;tert-Butanol, for analysis ACS;tert-BUTYL ALCOHOL REAGENT (ACS);tert-Butanol 2-Methyl-2-propanol
Tertiary butyl alcohol 99% is a tertiary alcohol alcohol that is isobutane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.
Tertiary butyl alcohol 99% has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite.
Tertiary butyl alcohol 99% derives from a hydride of an isobutane.
Tertiary butyl alcohol 99% is the simplest tertiary alcohol, with a formula of (CH3)3COH (sometimes represented as t-BuOH).
Tertiary butyl alcohol 99%'s isomers are 1-butanol, isobutanol, and 2-butanol. tert-Butyl alcohol is a colorless solid, which melts near room temperature and has a camphor-like odor.
Tertiary butyl alcohol 99% is miscible with water, ethanol and diethyl ether.
Tertiary butyl alcohol 99% is a tertiary alcohol alcohol that is isobutane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.
Tertiary butyl alcohol 99% has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite.
Tertiary butyl alcohol 99% derives from a hydride of an isobutane.
Tertiary butyl alcohol 99% is a colorless oily liquid with a sharp alcohol odor.
Tertiary butyl alcohol 99% is a colorless liquid or crystalline solid with a mothball-like odor.
Tertiary butyl alcohol 99% is used in making flavors and perfumes, as a solvent for pharmaceuticals, a paint remover, and as an additive in unleaded gasoline.
Tertiary butyl alcohol 99% Properties
Melting point: 23-26 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 83 °C (lit.)
Density: 0.775 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor density: 2.55 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 31 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.399(lit.)
Fp: 95 °F
Storage temp.: Store at +5°C to +30°C.
Solubility water: miscible
pka: 19(at 25℃)
Form: Liquid After Melting
Color: APHA: ≤20
Relative polarity: 0.389
Odor: Characteristic; camphor-like; pungent.
PH Range: 7
PH: 7 (20°C)
Odor Threshold: 4.5ppm
Explosive limit: 2.3-8.0%(V)
Water Solubility: soluble
λmax: λ: 215 nm Amax: 1.00
λ: 230 nm Amax: 0.50
λ: 250 nm Amax: 0.20
λ: 300-350 nm Amax: 0.01
JECFA Number: 85
Merck: 14,1542
BRN: 906698
Henry's Law Constant: 1.22 at 25 °C (static headspace-GC, Merk and Riederer, 1997)
Exposure limits: TLV-TWA 300 mg/m3 (100 ppm) (ACGIH); IDLH 8000 ppm.
Dielectric constant: 7.8（19℃）
Stability: Stable. Very flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, copper, copper alloys, alkali metals, aluminium.
InChIKey: DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.350
Surface tension: 20.3mN/m at 298.15K
CAS DataBase Reference: 75-65-0(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Ethanol, Tertiary butyl alcohol 99% (75-65-0)
EPA Substance Registry System: Tertiary butyl alcohol 99%(75-65-0)
Tertiary butyl alcohol 99% is a white crystalline solid or colorless liquid (above 77 °F) with a camphor-like odor.
Tertiary butyl alcohol 99% is soluble in water and miscible with alcohol, ether, and other organic solvents.
Tertiary butyl alcohol 99% is highly flammable and easily ignited by heat, sparks, or flames; vapors may form explosive mixtures with air.
Fire and explosion may result from contact with oxidizing agents, strong mineral acids, or strong hydrochloric acid.
Tertiary butyl alcohol 99% has been used for a variety of other purposes, including as a dehydrating agent and solvent.
Tertiary butyl alcohol 99% is a polar organic solvent that is used in such large scale applications as the manufacture of flavors, perfumes, and paint removers.
Tertiary butyl alcohol 99% is also utilized as a denaturant for ethyl alcohol.
Tertiary butyl alcohol 99% is a metabolite of the gasoline additive methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE).
Tertiary butyl alcohol 99% also is used to manufacture methyl methacrylate plastics and flotation devices.
Cosmetic and food-related uses include the manufacture of flavors, and, because of its camphor-like aroma, Tertiary butyl alcohol 99% also is used to create artificial musk, fruit essences, and perfume.
Tertiary butyl alcohol 99% is used in coatings on metal and paperboard food containers and industrial cleaning compounds, and can be used for chemical extraction in pharmaceutical applications (HSDB, 2007).
Tertiary butyl alcohol 99% is a colorless liquid or crystals with a camphor-like odor.
A detection odor threshold concentration of 2,900 mg/m3 (957 ppmv) was experimentally determined by Dravnieks (1974).
In a later study, Nagata and Takeuchi (1990) reported an odor threshold concentration 220 ppbv.
Reactions
Unlike other isomers of butanol, tert-butyl alcohol, as a tertiary alcohol, has no hydrogen atom next to hydroxy-group, which makes it resistant to oxidation to carbonyl compounds.
Tertiary butyl alcohol 99% is deprotonated with a strong base to give the alkoxide.
Particularly common is potassium tert-butoxide, which is prepared by treating tert-butanol with potassium metal.
K + t-BuOH → t-BuO−K+ + 1/2 H2
The tert-butoxide is a strong, non-nucleophilic base in organic chemistry.
Tertiary butyl alcohol 99% readily abstracts acidic protons from substrates, but its steric bulk inhibits the group from participating in nucleophilic substitution, such as in a Williamson ether synthesis or an SN2 reaction.
Tertiary butyl alcohol 99% reacts with hydrogen chloride to form tert-butyl chloride.
O-Chlorination of tert-butyl alcohol with hypochlorous acid to give tert-butyl hypochlorite:
(CH3)3COH + HOCl → (CH3)3COCl + H2O
Uses
Tertiary butyl alcohol 99% can be used as a solvent (e.g., for paints, lacquers, and varnishes); as a denaturant for ethanol and several other alcohols; as an octane booster in gasoline; as a dehydrating agent; as a chemical intermediate in the manufacturing of methyl methacrylate; and in the manufacturing of flotation agents, fruit essences, and perfumes.
Tertiary butyl alcohol 99% is used as a solvent, ethanol denaturant, paint remover ingredient, and gasoline octane booster and oxygenate.
Tertiary butyl alcohol 99% is a chemical intermediate used to produce methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) by reaction with methanol and ethanol, respectively, and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) by reaction with hydrogen peroxide.
Production Methods
Tertiary butyl alcohol 99% is produced as a by-product from the isobutane oxidation process for manufacturing propylene oxide.
Tertiary butyl alcohol 99% is also produced by the acidcatalyzed hydration of isobutylene, a process no longer used in the United States.
Reactivity Profile
Tertiary butyl alcohol 99% reacts violently with alcohols or water.
Mixtures of alcohols with concentrated sulfuric acid and strong hydrogen peroxide can cause explosions.
Example: an explosion will occur if dimethylbenzylcarbinol is added to 90% hydrogen peroxide then acidified with concentrated sulfuric acid.
Mixtures of ethyl alcohol with concentrated hydrogen peroxide form powerful explosives.
Mixtures of hydrogen peroxide and 1-phenylm-2-methyl propyl alcohol tend to explode if acidified with 70% sulfuric acid.
Alkyl hypochlorites are violently explosive.
They are readily obtained by reacting hypochlorous acid and alcohols either in aqueous solution or mixed aqueous-carbon tetrachloride solutions.
Chlorine plus alcohols would similarly yield alkyl hypochlorites.
They decompose in the cold and explode on exposure to sunlight or heat.
Tertiary hypochlorites are less unstable than secondary or primary hypochlorites.
Base-catalysed reactions of isocyanates with alcohols should be carried out in inert solvents. Such reactions in the absence of solvents often occur with explosive violence.
Purification Methods
Tertiary butyl alcohol 99% is synthesised commercially by the hydration of 2-methylpropene in dilute H2SO4.
Dry Tertiary butyl alcohol 99% with CaO, K2CO3, CaSO4 or MgSO4, filter and fractionally distil it.
Dry further by refluxing with, and distilling from, either magnesium activated with iodine, or small amounts of calcium, sodium or potassium, under nitrogen.
Passage through a column of type 4A molecular sieve is another effective method of drying; as well as refluxing with tert-butyl phthalate or succinate.
Other methods include refluxing with excess aluminium tert-butylate, or standing with CaH2, and distilling as needed.
Further purification is achieved by fractional crystallisation by partial freezing, taking care to exclude moisture.
Tertiary butyl alcohol 99% samples containing much water can be dried by adding benzene, so that the water distils off as a tertiary azeotrope, b 67.3o.
Traces of isobutylene have been removed from dry tert-butyl alcohol by bubbling dry pre-purified nitrogen through for several hours at 40-50o before using.
Tertiary butyl alcohol 99% forms azeotropic mixtures with a large number of compounds.
Tertiary butyl alcohol 99% has also been purified by distillation from CaH2 into Linde 4A molecular sieves which had been activated at 350o for 24hours.
Preparation
Tertiary butyl alcohol 99% is derived commercially from isobutane as a coproduct of propylene oxide production.
Tertiary butyl alcohol 99% can also be produced by the catalytic hydration of isobutylene, or by a Grignard reaction between acetone and methylmagnesium chloride.
Purification cannot be performed by simple distillation due to formation of an azeotrope with water, although initial drying of the solvent containing large amounts of water is performed by adding benzene to form a tertiary azeotrope and distilling off the water.
Smaller amounts of water are removed by drying with calcium oxide (CaO), potassium carbonate (K2CO3), calcium sulfate (CaSO4), or magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), followed by fractional distillation.
Anhydrous Tertiary butyl alcohol 99% is obtained by further refluxing and distilling from magnesium activated with iodine, or alkali metals such as sodium or potassium.
Other methods include the use of 4 Å molecular sieves, aluminium tert-butylate, calcium hydride (CaH2), or fractional crystallization under inert atmosphere.
