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TGA Thioglycolic Acid is the organic compound HSCH2CO2H.
TGA Thioglycolic Acid is often called mercaptoacetic acid (MAA).
TGA Thioglycolic Acid contains both a thiol (mercaptan) and carboxylic acid functional groups.
CAS: 68-11-1
MF: C2H4O2S
MW: 92.12
EINECS: 200-677-4
Synonyms
2-thio-glycolicaci;2-thioglycolicacid;Aceticacid,mercapto-;Acide thioglycolique;acidethioglycolique;acidethioglycolique(french);alpha-Mercaptoacetic acid;thio-glycolicaci
TGA Thioglycolic Acid is a colorless liquid with a strongly unpleasant odor.
TGA Thioglycolic Acid is miscible with polar organic solvents.
TGA Thioglycolic Acid is the organic compound HSCH2CO2H.
TGA Thioglycolic Acid contains both a thiol (mercaptan) and a carboxylic acid.
TGA Thioglycolic Acid is a clear liquid with a strong unpleasant odor.
TGA Thioglycolic Acid is readily oxidized by air to the corresponding disulfide [SCH2CO2H]2.
TGA Thioglycolic Acid was developed in the 1940s for use as a chemical depilatory and is still used as such, especially in salt forms, including calcium thioglycolate and sodium thioglycolate.
TGA Thioglycolic Acid is the precursor to ammonium thioglycolate that is used for permanents.
TGA Thioglycolic Acid and its derivatives break the disulfide bonds in the cortex of hair.
One reforms these broken bonds in giving hair a "perm."
Alternatively and more commonly, the process leads to depilation as is done commonly in leather processing.
TGA Thioglycolic Acid is also used as an acidity indicator, manufacturing of thioglycolates, and in bacteriology for preparation of thioglycolate media.
TGA Thioglycolic Acid is also used in the making of tin stabilizers often used in certain polyvinyl chloride products (such as vinyl siding).
TGA Thioglycolic Acid is used as nucleophile in thioglycolysis reactions used on condensed tannins to study their structure.
TGA Thioglycolic Acid is a sulfur-containing carboxylic acid.
TGA Thioglycolic Acid is a conjugate acid of a thioglycolate(1-).
A colorless liquid with an unpleasant odor.
Density 1.325 g / cm3. Used to make permanent wave solutions and depilatories.
Corrosive to metals and tissue.
TGA Thioglycolic Acid acts as a powerful chelating agent and strong reducing agent especially at high pH.
TGA Thioglycolic Acid also functions as a good nucleophilic agent.
TGA Thioglycolic Acid is a high-performance chemical containing mercaptan and carboxylic acid functionalities.
TGA Thioglycolic Acid has a strong reducing effect under alkaline conditions.
So TGA Thioglycolic Acid is widely used in cosmetic perm and depilatory agents.
Because of its different usage, TGA Thioglycolic Acid can make the hair from soft to broken.
Based on this feature,TGA Thioglycolic Acid has been widely used in hair perm and hair removal cosmetics.
TGA Thioglycolic Acid, with the CAS number 68-11-1, is a colorless to pale yellow liquid that is characterized by its strong, sulfurous odor.
TGA Thioglycolic Acid is a thiol compound, which means it contains a sulfhydryl (-SH) group, making it a key reagent in various chemical reactions.
TGA Thioglycolic Acid is highly soluble in water and organic solvents, which enhances its utility in diverse applications.
TGA Thioglycolic Acid is primarily used in the cosmetic industry for hair perming and straightening, as it can break disulfide bonds in keratin, allowing for the restructuring of hair.
Additionally, TGA Thioglycolic Acid serves as a reducing agent in organic synthesis and is employed in the production of thiol-containing compounds.
Due to its reactivity, thioglycolic acid can also participate in the formation of esters and amides.
However, TGA Thioglycolic Acid is important to handle this substance with care, as it can be irritating to the skin and eyes, and proper safety precautions should be observed during its use.
TGA Thioglycolic Acid Chemical Properties
Melting point: −16 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 96 °C5 mm Hg(lit.)
density: 1.326 g/mL at 20 °C(lit.)
vapor density: 3.2 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 0.4 mm Hg ( 25 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.505(lit.)
Fp: 126 °C
storage temp.: Store at +2°C to +8°C.
solubility: Chloroform (Sparingly), Methanol (Sparingly)
form: Liquid
pka: 3.68(at 25℃)
color: clear clear, colorless
PH: 1 (H2O, 20℃)
Odor: strong unpleasant odor
Water Solubility: soluble
Sensitive: Air Sensitive
Merck: 14,9336
BRN: 506166
Henry's Law Constant: 5.2×102 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, HSDB (2015)
Exposure limits: TLV-TWA 1 ppm (～3.8 mg/m3) (ACGIH).
Stability: Air Sensitive
Cosmetics Ingredients Functions: DEPILATORY
REDUCING
ANTIOXIDANT
HAIR WAVING OR STRAIGHTENING
InChI: 1S/C2H4O2S/c3-2(4)1-5/h5H,1H2,(H,3,4)
InChIKey: CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.090
CAS DataBase Reference: 68-11-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: TGA Thioglycolic Acid (68-11-1)
EPA Substance Registry System: TGA Thioglycolic Acid (68-11-1)
TGA Thioglycolic Acid is a colorless liquid with a strong unpleasant odor like rotten eggs.
TGA Thioglycolic Acid is a sensitive reagent for iron, molybdenum, silver, tin.
With ferric iron a blue color appears, and when an alkali hydroxide is added to a solution contg ferrous salts and thioglycolic acid, a yellow precipitate forms.
Uses
TGA Thioglycolic Acid is an organic compound containing both a thiol and a carboxylic acid.
TGA Thioglycolic Acid is a precursor to ammonium thioglycolate, a chemical used for permanents.
TGA Thioglycolic Acid is used in organic synthesis as a nucleophile in thioglycolysis reactions and is used as a S transfer agent for sulfonyl chloride synthesis.
TGA Thioglycolic Acid is used as a reagent formetals analysis; in the manufacture of thioglycolates, pharmaceuticals, and permanentwave solutions; and as a vinyl stabilizer.
TGA Thioglycolic Acid is an intermediate in the production of thiomethoprol (caputril), biotin, thiozinc acid, sodium dithiosuccinate and other pharmaceuticals, and is also an intermediate in the synthesis of cysteine, hormonal agent, and industrial disinfectant.
And an important raw material for the synthesis of sulfuric acid.
TGA Thioglycolic Acid is used as antioxidant and stabilizer in pharmaceuticals to enhance the stability of the main drug and prolong the validity period of pharmaceutical preparations.
Ammonium and sodium salts of TGA Thioglycolic Acid are mainly used as curling agents, calcium salts can be used as depilatory agents, polymerization initiators, accelerators and chain transfer agents, and can be used for hair removal before cosmetic surgery and animal experiments.
TGA Thioglycolic Acid is used to make epoxy resin, catalyst of bisphenol A, and it can also be used as the basic raw material for synthesizing PVC transparent plastic and organic antimony and organic tin heat stabilizer.
TGA Thioglycolic Acid is a sensitive reagent for the determination of iron, molybdenum, aluminum, tin, etc., and is an inhibitor of copper sulfide and iron sulfide minerals in beneficiation.
In the petrochemical industry and the railway sector, TGA Thioglycolic Acid is used for cleaning and derusting of equipment and rails.
TGA Thioglycolic Acid can be used as a crystallization nucleating agent in polypropylene processing and molding, as a modifier for coatings and fibers, as a blanket quickening agent, as a stabilizer raw material for polyvinyl chloride and rubber, as a cold perm agent, and as a pharmaceutical intermediate.
TGA Thioglycolic Acid is used as a color developer for the photometric determination of molybdenum, rhenium and iron, and as a compounding masking agent.
TGA Thioglycolic Acid is used as a chemical depilatory and is still used as such, especially in salt forms, including calcium thioglycolate and sodium thioglycolate.
TGA Thioglycolic Acid is the precursor to ammonium thioglycolate, which is used for permanents.
TGA Thioglycolic Acid and its derivatives break the disulfide bonds in the cortex of hair.
One reforms these broken bonds in giving hair a "perm".
Alternatively and more commonly, the process leads to depilation, as is done commonly in leather processing.
TGA Thioglycolic Acid is also used as an acidity indicator, manufacturing of thioglycolates, and in bacteriology for preparation of thioglycolate media.
Thioglycolysis reactions are used on condensed tannins to study their structure.
TGA Thioglycolic Acid has also been used to soften nails, either to reshape pincer nails into the correct position or to help the topical antifungal agent terbinafine penetrate the nail.
Organotin derivatives of thioglycolic acid isooctyl esters are widely used as stabilizers for PVC.
These species have the formula R2Sn(SCH2CO2C8H17)2.
TGA Thioglycolic Acid is a component of thioglycolate broth, a special bacterial growth media.
TGA Thioglycolic Acid is also used in so-called "fallout remover" or "wheel cleaner" to remove iron oxide residue from wheels.
Ferrous iron combines with thioglycolate to form red-violet ferric thioglycolate.
TGA Thioglycolic Acid is a widely used organic sulfur compound that exists in the form of a colorless to pale yellow liquid and is widely used in cosmetics, medicine, polymerization reactions and other fields.
TGA Thioglycolic Acid has unique chemical properties, strong reducing properties, and strong ability to form complexes with metal ions.
1. Cosmetics and personal care In the cosmetics industry, TGA Thioglycolic Acid and its salts are key ingredients for changing hair morphology.
They help hair reshape its structure by breaking disulfide bonds in hair and are used in perm and straight hair products.
2. Application in drug synthesis TGA Thioglycolic Acid plays the role of an intermediate in the pharmaceutical industry, especially in the synthesis of sulfur-containing antibiotics and other active molecules.
TGA Thioglycolic Acid's derivatives are also used in the production of a variety of drugs, including thiomethoxypropanol (catolide) and biotin for treatment.
3. Polymerization and cross-linking reactions TGA Thioglycolic Acid acts as a regulator to precisely control the length and cross-linking density of polymer chains and change the physical properties of polymers.
As a promoter and chain transfer agent, TGA Thioglycolic Acid is used in the production of plastics and rubber.
4. As a metal surface treatment agent, TGA Thioglycolic Acid is used to clean precious metals.
5. In analytical chemistry applications, TGA Thioglycolic Acid is used to detect and quantify iron, molybdenum, silver and tin ions.
Preparation
TGA Thioglycolic Acid is prepared from Sodium sulfide plus Sodium monochloride acetate to yield Dithioglycollic acid.
Electrolysis of the latter acid yields the title material.
Production
TGA Thioglycolic Acid is prepared by reaction of sodium or potassium chloroacetate with alkali metal hydrosulfide in aqueous medium.
TGA Thioglycolic Acid can be also prepared via the Bunte salt obtained by reaction of sodium thiosulfate with chloroacetic acid:
ClCH2CO2H + Na2S2O3 → Na[O3S2CH2CO2H] + NaCl
Na[O3S2CH2CO2H] + H2O → HSCH2CO2H + NaHSO4
Reactions
TGA Thioglycolic Acid with a pKa of 3.83 is an acid about 8.5 times stronger than acetic acid (pKa 4.76):
HSCH2CO2H → HSCH2CO2− + H+
The second ionization has a pKa of 9.3:
HSCH2CO2− → −SCH2CO2− + H+
TGA Thioglycolic Acid is a reducing agent, especially at higher pH.
TGA Thioglycolic Acid oxidizes to the corresponding disulfide (2-[(carboxymethyl)disulfanyl]acetic acid or dithiodiglycolic acid):
2 HSCH2CO2H + "O" → [SCH2CO2H]2 + H2O
With metal ions
TGA Thioglycolic Acid, usually as its dianion, forms complexes with metal ions.
Such complexes have been used for the detection of iron, molybdenum, silver, and tin.
TGA Thioglycolic Acid reacts with diethyl acetylmalonate to form acetylmercaptoacetic acid and diethyl malonate, the reducing agent in the conversion of Fe(III) to Fe(II).
Reactivity Profile
TGA Thioglycolic Acid is readily oxidized by air.
Reacts readily with other oxidizing agents as well in reactions that may generate toxic gases.
Incompatible with diazo and azo compounds, halocarbons, isocyanates, aldehydes, alkali metals, nitrides, hydrides, and other strong reducing agents.
Reactions with these materials may generate heat and toxic and flammable gases.
May react with acids to liberate hydrogen sulfide.
Neutralizes bases in exothermic reactions.
Reacts with cyanides, sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates to generate flammable and toxic gases and heat.
Reacts with carbonates and bicarbonates.
Health Hazard
TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.
Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
Avoid any skin contact.
Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.
