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TIB KAT 251 minimizes side reactions such as dehydration and oxidative degradation of polyhydric alcohols, especially secondary alcohols.
TIB KAT 251 can be charged up front with other reactants, and requires no special handling other than avoiding excessive exposure to moisture.
TIB KAT 251 can be used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other organotin compounds or as a source of tin in various chemical reactions.
CAS Number: 54068-28-9
Molecular Formula: C26H46O4Sn
Molecular Weight: 541.36
EINECS Number: 483-270-6
Synonyms: Dioctyltin bis(acetylacetonate), DTXSID901020444, (3Z)-4-((dioctyl((((2Z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-yl)oxy))stannyl)oxy)pent-3, en-2-one, (3Z)-4-{[dioctyl({[(2Z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-yl]oxy})stannyl]oxy}pent-3-en-2-one, DTXCID401765546, 54068-28-9, MTBVDKSFTCGOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-Ndioctylbis(pentane-2,4-dionato-O,O')tin;Dioctyltin diketanoate;TIB KAT 223.
TIB KAT 251 acts as a catalyst in powder coating polyester resins.
TIB KAT 251 is used in coatings and paints.
The term "TIB KAT 251" appears to be a library or archival reference, most likely used to identify a specific item, entry, or classification within a cataloguing system.
This kind of code is typically used by academic libraries, research institutions, or documentation centers to organize and reference materials such as books, articles, theses, technical reports, or multimedia resources.
Due to these concerns, the use of certain organotin compounds, including TIB KAT 251, has been restricted or regulated in many countries.
TIB KAT 251 is important to handle and dispose of such compounds responsibly and in accordance with local regulations to minimize their potential impact on the environment and human health.
TIB KAT 251 is an amorphous white solid phase transfer catalysts.
TIB KAT 251 can be synthesized through the reaction of butyltin chloride [(C4H9)2SnCl2] with water or by hydrolysis of butyltin trichloride (C4H9)SnCl3.
TIB KAT 251 assists in the polymerization reaction between polyols and isocyanates, promoting the formation and curing of the foam.
TIB KAT 251, produced by the German company TIB Chemicals AG, is a highly efficient organotin-based catalyst that plays a crucial role in various polymer chemistry processes, especially in the manufacture of alkyd resins, polyesters, and other ester-based materials, which are foundational components of modern industrial products such as coatings, adhesives, and synthetic lubricants.
TIB KAT 251 serves as a heat and light stabilizer in the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
TIB KAT 251 helps prevent the degradation of PVC due to exposure to high temperatures and UV radiation.
TIB KAT 251 is a chemical compound with the formula (C4H10)2SnO.
TIB KAT 251 might be used also to produce polymeric plasticizers.
TIB KAT 251 has a molecular weight of 248.99 g/mol and a melting point of approximately 45-50°C.
The reaction typically takes place under acidic conditions, leading to the formation of TIB KAT 251 and hydrochloric acid.
It is sparingly soluble in water but soluble in organic solvents such as chloroform, toluene, and acetone.
TIB KAT 251 can act as an intermediate in the synthesis of other organotin compounds.
TIB KAT 251 is used primarily to catalyze esterification and polycondensation reactions at temperature between 210°C and 240°C (stable up to 250°C).
TIB KAT 251 begins to solubilize in carboxylic acid at 80°C during the reaction and becomes incorporated into the final product without affecting the quality of the product.
TIB KAT 251 can significantly shorten esterification times, offers energy savings due to lower reaction temperatures, with a consequent more efficient use of equipment.
Density: 1.12[at 20℃]
vapor pressure: 0.002Pa at 20℃
Water Solubility: 0.01ng/L at 20℃
LogP: 9.259 at 20℃
TIB KAT 251 is a solid, white catalyst that is excellent for esterification, transesterification and polycondensation reactions in the production of alkyd resins, polyester resins and oleochemical resins.
"TIB KAT 251 chemical" appears to be a catalogue or classification reference used in a scientific library or database, possibly pointing to a specific chemical resource or entry related to chemical sciences.
TIB KAT 251 is an industrial organotin-based catalyst developed and manufactured by TIB Chemicals AG, a German chemical company known for producing high-performance catalysts and specialty chemicals used in various polymerization and esterification processes.
The term “KAT” in the product name is derived from the German word “Katalysator,” meaning catalyst, indicating the compound’s function in accelerating chemical reactions without being consumed in the process.
This specific catalyst is typically used in the production of polyesters, alkyd resins, and oleochemical esters, where it plays a vital role in facilitating the reaction between acids and alcohols — a process known as esterification — which is fundamental in creating long-chain molecules that serve as the building blocks of plastics, coatings, and adhesives.
Its high reactivity and selectivity make it especially valuable in industrial-scale manufacturing, where process efficiency and product consistency are critical.
TIB KAT 251 is described as a highly active organotin oxide compound, likely a form of monobutyltin oxide or a proprietary blend of similar tin derivatives, designed to function effectively at elevated temperatures typically ranging from 140°C to 240°C.
This temperature range makes it suitable for melt-phase reactions, in which no solvents are required, thus supporting more environmentally friendly and economically efficient production processes.
Compared to other commonly used catalysts like dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) or TIB KAT 248, TIB KAT 251 is noted for having greater catalytic activity and shorter reaction times, which means it allows manufacturers to save energy and time during the reaction steps while achieving higher conversion rates and improved product quality.
Although the exact composition of TIB KAT 251 is proprietary and not publicly disclosed in full detail, it is understood to be based on monobutyltin oxide or similar tin-oxygen compounds, which act as powerful Lewis acids capable of activating carbonyl groups in acids and esters, thereby accelerating nucleophilic attack by alcohols — the key mechanism that drives esterification and polycondensation reactions.
TIB KAT 251 particularly valuable is its thermal stability and ability to operate efficiently within a broad temperature range — typically between 140°C and 240°C — which allows it to remain active under high-heat industrial conditions without degrading, thereby ensuring consistency in product quality, even in continuous processing environments.
Uses:
TIB KAT 251 is used across several industrial sectors where its catalytic action provides both performance advantages and process flexibility.
In the paints and coatings industry, it is a preferred catalyst for producing alkyd resins, which are widely used in varnishes, enamels, and solvent-borne coatings because of their excellent gloss, flexibility, and adhesion.
In polyester manufacturing, particularly for unsaturated polyester resins (UPR) and saturated polyester resins, TIB KAT 251 enhances the molecular weight build-up and controls the rate of reaction, resulting in polymers with better thermal and mechanical properties.
In the oleochemical industry, it catalyzes reactions to create fatty acid esters used in cosmetics, lubricants, and surfactants, where precise control over reaction conditions is necessary to maintain product purity and safety.
TIB KAT 251 may also be applied in powder coating formulations, where it supports the synthesis of thermosetting resins that are cured using heat to form a tough, protective film.
TIB KAT 251 continues to be used in research and development laboratories for various applications.
It may be utilized as a starting material or catalyst in the synthesis of novel compounds or in the development of new processes.
TIB KAT 251 can participate in various chemical reactions as a catalyst or reactant.
TIB KAT 251 can serve as a source of tin in certain chemical reactions.
It can be used as a precursor to introduce tin atoms into various materials or compounds.
In the past, organotin compounds, including TIB KAT 251, were used as biocides and fungicides in agricultural applications.
TIB KAT 251 the use of such compounds in agriculture has been phased out or restricted due to environmental concerns and potential impacts on non-target organisms.
TIB KAT 251 is sometimes used in research and development settings as a reagent or catalyst in various chemical reactions and polymerizations.
TIB KAT 251 has been used in the textile industry as a chemical additive or finishing agent.
It may provide certain functional properties to textiles, such as antimicrobial or water-repellent properties.
TIB KAT 251 has exhibited antifungal properties and has been studied for its potential use in antifungal formulations.
It may help inhibit the growth of fungi and prevent fungal infections in various applications, such as agricultural crops or wood protection.
TIB KAT 251 can be employed in the rubber industry as a processing aid or cross-linking agent.
TIB KAT 251 has been utilized in textile printing processes as a catalyst or stabilizer for specific dyes and pigments.
It may assist in achieving desired color fixation and improve the wash-fastness of printed designs on textiles.
TIB KAT 251 is sometimes used as a reagent in the synthesis of specialty chemicals, such as pharmaceutical intermediates, agrochemicals, or fine chemicals.
Its unique properties and reactivity make it useful in specific chemical transformations.
In the past, certain organotin compounds, including TIB KAT 251, were used as fuel additives in gasoline to improve its octane rating and reduce engine knocking.
However, the use of organotin compounds in gasoline has been phased out due to environmental and health concerns.
Safety Profile:
As with many organotin compounds, TIB KAT 251 must be handled with a high degree of caution due to its potential environmental impact and toxicity risks, particularly in aquatic ecosystems.
Organotin compounds are known for their biocidal properties, which, while beneficial in certain contexts (like antifouling paints), can cause serious long-term harm to marine life and bioaccumulate in the food chain.
In human safety terms, direct contact with skin or inhalation of dust or fumes from the catalyst should be avoided, as exposure may lead to skin irritation, respiratory issues, or other health effects, depending on the exposure level and duration.
Proper Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) — including gloves, goggles, and respirators — should be used during handling, especially in open systems or poorly ventilated environments.
TIB KAT 251, can persist in the environment for extended periods.
They resist degradation and can accumulate in soil, sediment, and water.
This persistence increases the potential for bioaccumulation and biomagnification in the food chain.
Due to the environmental and health concerns associated with TIB KAT 251, many countries and international organizations have implemented regulations to restrict or phase out their use.
For example, the use of tributyltin (TBT) compounds, including TIB KAT 251, in antifouling paints for ships has been banned or severely restricted.
