TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE

CAS NUMBER: 7758-87-4

EC NUMBER: 231-840-8

MOLECULAR FORMULA: Ca3(PO4)2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 310

 

Tricalcium phosphate is a calcium salt of phosphoric acid with the chemical formula Ca3(PO4)2. 
Tricalcium phosphate is also known as tribasic calcium phosphate and bone phosphate of lime (BPL). 

Tricalcium phosphate is a white solid of low solubility. 
Most commercial samples of "tricalcium phosphate" are in fact hydroxyapatite.

Tricalcium phosphate exists as three crystalline polymorphs α, α', and β. 
The α and α' states are stable at high temperatures.

Tricalcium phosphate refers to numerous materials consisting of calcium ions (Ca2+) together with orthophosphates (PO43−), metaphosphates or pyrophosphates (P2O74−) and occasionally oxide and hydroxide ions. Especially, the common mineral apatite has formula Ca5(PO4)3X, where X is F, Cl, OH, or a mixture; it is hydroxyapatite if the extra ion is mainly hydroxide. 
Much of the "tricalcium phosphate" on the market is actually powdered hydroxyapatite.

Tricalcium phosphate is a calcium salt found in many nutritional supplements.
Some calcium phosphates derive from phosphate rocks, calcium from plant sources, and ammonia.

These can be considered vegan. Most of the time, however, calcium phosphates are made from ground animal bones.
Tricalcium phosphate aids in cell functioning and plays a vital role in many different body processes, including bone growth and energy production.

Tricalcium phosphate is effective as a nutritional supplement because it is readily absorbed in the body. 
However, there is little evidence to show it is more effective than other calcium supplements, in particular, those containing citrate and carbonateTrusted Source.

Tricalcium phosphate also has many other uses. 
Tricalcium phosphate is found in many household items, including baby powder, toothpaste, and antacids. 

A variety of industries use tricalcium phosphate. 
Tricalcium phosphate is a supplement form of calcium phosphate and is used to treat or prevent calcium deficiency. 

Tricalcium phosphate is primarily important for healthy bones and teeth. 
Tricalcium phosphate is naturally found in foods like dairy, nuts and seeds, and dark, leafy vegetables.

Tricalcium phosphate is typically available as an over the counter supplement, antacid, or as an added ingredient in some toothpastes
Tricalcium phosphate is an odorless white solid. Sinks and mixes with water. 

Tricalcium phosphate is a calcium phosphate.
Tricalcium phosphate is an ingredient that is heavily used across many industries – toothpaste, antacids, bone grafting material, baby powder, water filtration, nutritional supplements and ceramic coatings – and it is also in our food supply. 

Tricalcium phosphate is a mineral found in many foods for many purposes.
Within foods, tricalcium phosphate has roles such as anti-caking, clouding, and fortification. 

These all support the formulation of more desirable food products in terms of texture, appearance, performance, shelf-life, and nutrition. 
Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS), tricalcium phosphate is an ingredient that helps foods, food products and food ingredients live up to consumer expectations time and time again, even after sitting in the pantry or refrigerator after purchase.

Tricalcium phosphate (tricalcium phosphate) is a mineral that is used as a supplement in people who do not get enough calcium from food.
Tricalcium phosphate is used to treat calcium deficiencies that may be associated with low blood calcium, a parathyroid disorder, or osteoporosis and other bone conditions.

Tricalcium phosphate may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
Tricalcium Phosphate is the inorganic salt that consists of a variable mixture of calciumphosphates having the approximate composition.

In ceramics Tricalcium phosphate is used as a substitute for bone ash in glazes and bodies since its chemistry is similar.
Tricalcium phosphate (abbreviation TCP) is a tricalcium salt of phosphoric acid with the chemical formula Ca3(PO4)2. 

In food, Tricalcium phosphate is used as an anticaking agent in powdered food and a nutritional supplement of calcium and phosphorus in infant formulae and cereals. 
The European food additive number for Tricalcium phosphate is E341(iii).

Tricalcium phosphate is a subclass of calcium phosphates and makes up of a variable mixture of calcium phosphates and having the approximate composition of 10CaO·3P2O5 ·H2O. 
Tricalcium phosphate can be used in vegan food and supplement for its mineral origin.

Calcium Phosphate is the calcium salt of phosphoric acid with widely used applications. 
Tricalcium phosphate occur abundantly in nature in several forms and are the principal minerals for the production of phosphate fertilizers and for a range of phosphorus compounds. 

For example, the tribasic variety (precipitated calcium phosphate), Ca3(PO4)2, is the principal inorganic constituent of bone ash. 
The acid salt Ca(H2PO4)2, produced by treating mineral phosphates with sulfuric acid, is employed as a plant food and stabilizer for plastics. 

Tricalcium phosphate is a natural constituent of mammals, and it is a component of bone replacement transplants in much higher amounts with no toxicological problems.
Tricalcium phosphates are the largest group of artificial bone graft substitutes. 

Tricalcium phosphate is mainly due to their close resemblance to the mineral components of bone. 
Tricalcium phosphate can be used as a countermeasure for exposure to strontium and radium radionuclides. 
Upon oral uptake, Tricalcium phosphate competes for and blocks the absorption of radium (Ra-226) and strontium (Sr-90) in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

 

 

USES OF TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE:

Tricalcium phosphate is used in powdered spices as an anticaking agent, e.g. to prevent table salt from caking. 
The Tricalcium phosphates have been assigned European food additive number E341.

Tricalcium phosphate is also found in baby powder, antacids and toothpaste.
To act as anticoagulant, additive for milk powder, sweets, pudding, flavoring and meat, Auxiliary for refinery of animal oil and food for yeast.

Tricalcium phosphate is also used as a nutritional supplement and occurs naturally in cow milk, although the most common and economical forms for supplementation are calcium carbonate (which should be taken with food) and calcium citrate (which can be taken without food).
There is some debate about the different bioavailabilities of the different calcium salts.

Tricalcium phosphate may be used alone or in combination with a biodegradable, resorbable polymer such as polyglycolic acid. 
Tricalcium phosphate may also be combined with autologous materials for a bone graft.

In addition to Tricalcium phosphates use as a supplement, tricalcium phosphate is used as an anti-caking agent in powdered food items. 
Tricalcium phosphate is also used as an additive in some processed foods to boost calcium content.

Tricalcium phosphate is considered safe to use as a food additive and supplement, but there are some people in whom it has contraindications, and there can be interactions and side effects.
Tricalcium Phosphate or TCP can be used as a calcium and/or phosphorus nutrient supplement in pharmaceuticals and multivitamins.

Tricalcium Phosphate is used as an anti-caking agent in dry vinegar and salts. 
Tricalcium phosphate’s also used as a calcium source for cereals. 

Due to its white color, Tricalcium phosphate can also be used to bleach flour and to improve coloring.
Tricalcium phosphate’s also used as a calcium source for cereals and is a nutrition enhancer.  

This ingredient can be used in foods such as dairy products, wine, carbonated beverages, candy and jams. 
Tricalcium phosphate can also be used in some liquid foods to add smoothness and an opaque color. 

Tricalcium phosphate can be added to food for strengthening calcium intake, and is sometimes used to prevent or treat the symptoms of lack of calcium.  
Due to its white color, Tricalcium phosphate can also be used to bleach flour and to improve coloring. 

Tricalcium phosphate is sometimes added to calcium supplements. 
Tricalcium phosphate is a white, odorless and tasteless. 

Tricalcium phosphate should be stored in a dry and ventilated area and should be kept away from water and moisture.
Tricalcium phosphate is an ingredient used in many applications. 

Tricalcium phosphates food grade is commonly used as an anticaking agent to make powdered food free-flowing, also as a nutritional supplement supplies both calcium and phosphorus minerals in fortified foods.
Meanwhile, Tricalcium phosphate can be used as a whitening color to replace titanium dioxide. 

Other applications like in baby powder, toothpaste, and pharmaceuticals.
Chemically, tricalcium phosphate is a calcium salt of phosphoric acid. 

Tricalcium phosphates primary function in fortification is to increase the calcium content of foods.
Due to its mineral source, tricalcium phosphate can be used in vegan foods and is also allowed in organic products in the U.S.

Tricalcium phosphate is a compound existing in several forms which include the monobasic, dibasic, and tribasic forms of calcium phos- phate. as calcium phosphate monobasic, also termed monocalcium phosphate, calcium biphosphate, and acid calcium phosphate, it is used as a leavening agent and acidulant, calcium phosphate diba- sic, also termed dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, is used as a dough conditioner and mineral supplement, calcium phosphate tribasic, also termed tricalcium phosphate and precipitated calcium phos- phate, is used as an anticaking agent, mineral supplement, and con- ditioning agent.
Tricalcium phosphate is an anticaking agent and calcium source that is a white powder that is almost insoluble in water. 

Tricalcium phosphate is used as an anticaking agent in table salt and dry vinegar. 
Tricalcium phosphate is used as a source of calcium and phosphorus in cereals and desserts. 

Tricalcium phosphate functions as a bleaching agent in flour and in lard, and prevents undesirable coloring and improves stability for frying. 
Tricalcium phosphate is also termed tribasic calcium phosphate, tricalcium orthophosphate, calcium phosphate tribasic, and precipitated calcium phosphate.

 

-Food:

Tricalcium phosphate is used to prevent powdered food from caking, lumping, or aggregation and improve the fluidity. 
We can commonly find Tricalcium phosphate in powdered drink, powdered milk, non dairy creamer, instant powders, table salt, spices and etc. 

Tricalcium phosphate is a source of calcium and phosphorus. 
Tricalcium phosphates main function in food fortification is to increase the calcium supplement due to its higher calcium content.

The applications such as in cereals, dairy products (e.g. yogurt), juices, multivitamins and pharmaceuticals. 
Tricalcium phosphates content is higher than that of monocalcium phosphate, which is used as a leavening acid in baking powder. 

Our absorption of Tricalcium phosphate would be more efficient when combined with vitamin D. 
Tricalcium phosphates are two common calcium supplements.

 

-Feed:

Tricalcium phosphate can also be a dietary supplement of calcium and phosphorus in pet food, e.g. in cat and dog food. 
Tricalcium phosphate benefits cat and dog in building bones, nerve impulse transmission and other benefits.

 

-Cosmetics:

Tricalcium phosphatefunctions as an abrasive, anticaking, masking, opacifying amd oral care agent in cosmetic and personal care products. 

 

-Toothpaste:

Tricalcium phosphate will join together to form calcium fluoride in toothpaste, which makes the fluoride less effective in preventing tooth decay. 
Functionalized tricalcium phosphate produced by beta-tricalcium phosphate and sodium lauryl sulfate can prevent this reaction during the storage of toothpaste and thus generate more fluoride and calcium ions to remineralize enamel and protect the dental from caries.

 

-anticoagulant 

-nutritional supplement 

-calcium intensifier 

-PH regulator 

-buffer 

 

 

APPLICATION OF TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE:

-abrasive 

-fragrance ingredient 

-opacifying agent
 
-oral care agent 

-anticaking 

-masking 

-opacifying 

-and oral care

 

 

 

FUNCTION IN FOOD MANUFACTURING OF TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE:

-Acidity regulator

-Adds smoothness and opacity to reduced fat foods and beverages, such as soymilk

-Anticaking agent

-Buffer

-Calcium and phosphorus mineral fortification – seen in some juices, soy beverages, yogurts, and cereal products

-Clouding Agent

-Emulsifier

-Firming agent – interacts with gelling agents to strengthen a food structure

-Flour Treatment Agent

-Humectant in some table salts, sugar, or baking powder

-Stabilizer in some fats for frying

-Leavening agent in some baked goods and breadings

-Mineral salt in cheese products

-Thickener

 

 

 

PROPERTIES OF TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE:

-Tricalcium phosphate is almost insoluble in water, has a very low flavor profile, and usually comes in a fine white powder.

-The chalky texture of tri-calcium phosphate makes Tricalcium phosphate useful as a free-flowing agent, as it has the ability to take up to 10% of its weight in moisture.

-Tricalcium phosphates texture and color properties also make Tricalcium phosphate an effective clouding agent.

-Ingredient labels list Tricalcium phosphate as tribasic calcium phosphate, tri-calcium orthophosphate, and precipitated calcium phosphate, or it’s labeled in formulation paperwork as TCP. 

-Tricalcium phosphate is also known as hydroxyapatite.

 

 

PROPERTIES OF TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE:

-Quality Level: 100

-form: nanopowder

-particle size: <100 nm (TEM) <200 nm (BET)

-SMILES string: [Ca++].[Ca++].[Ca++].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O

-InChI: 1S/3Ca.2H3O4P/c;;;2*1-5(2,3)4/h;;;2*(H3,1,2,3,4)/q3*+2;;/p-6

-InChI key: QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H

 

 

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE:

-White amorphous powder 

-Odourless

-Relative density: 3.18 

-Hardly soluble in water but easily soluble in diluted Hydrochloric Acid and Nitric Acid 

-Stable in air

 

 

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE:

-white solid 

-insoluble in water 

-reactive with silicon oxide and carbon at electric furnace temperature yielding phosphorus vapor 

-reactive with H2SO4 to form, according to the proportions used, phosphoric acid, or dicalcium hydrogen phosphate, CaHPO4, white solid, insoluble; or calcium dihydrogen phosphate

 

 

PREPARATION OF TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE:

Tricalcium phosphate is produced commercially by treating hydroxyapatite with phosphoric acid and slaked lime.
Tricalcium phosphate cannot be precipitated directly from aqueous solution. 
Typically double decomposition reactions are employed, involving a soluble phosphate and calcium salts, e.g. (NH4)2HPO4 + Ca(NO3)2.
Tricalcium phosphate is performed under carefully controlled pH conditions. 
The precipitate will either be "amorphous tricalcium phosphate", ATCP, or calcium deficient hydroxyapatite, CDHA, Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH), (note CDHA is sometimes termed apatitic calcium triphosphate).
Crystalline tricalcium phosphate can be obtained by calcining the precipitate. 
Tricalcium phosphate is generally formed, higher temperatures are required to produce α-Ca3(PO4)2.

 

STRUCTURE OF TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE:

Tricalcium phosphate has three recognised polymorphs, the rhombohedral β- form (shown above), and two high temperature forms, monoclinic α- and hexagonal α'-. 
Tricalcium phosphate has a crystallographic density of 3.066 g cm−3 while the high temperature forms are less dense, α-tricalcium phosphate has a density of 2.866 g cm−3 and α'-tricalcium phosphate has a density of 2.702 g cm−3. 
All forms have complex structures consisting of tetrahedral phosphate centers linked through oxygen to the calcium ions.
The high temperature forms each have two types of columns, one containing only calcium ions and the other both calcium and phosphate.
There are differences in chemical and biological properties between the beta and alpha forms, the alpha form is more soluble and biodegradeable. 
Both forms are available commercially and are present in formulations used in medical and dental applications.

 

OCCURENCE OF TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE:

Tricalcium phosphate is one of the main combustion products of bone (see bone ash). 
Tricalcium phosphate is also commonly derived from inorganic sources such as mineral rock.
Tricalcium phosphate occurs naturally in several forms, including:

-as a rock in Morocco, Israel, Philippines, Egypt, and Kola (Russia) and in smaller quantities in some other countries. 

-The natural form is not completely pure, and there are some other components like sand and lime which can change the composition. 

-In terms of P2O5, most calcium phosphate rocks have a content of 30% to 40% P2O5 in weight.

-in the skeletons and teeth of vertebrate animals

-in milk.

 

 

SYNONYM:

Synthos
Calcium phosphate tribasic
Calcium orthophosphate
Tricalcium diphosphate
Calcigenol simple
beta-TCP
Phosphoric acid, calcium salt (2:3)
Tricalcium orthophosphate
beta-Tricalcium phosphate
Calcium tertiary phosphate
Tertiary calcium phosphate
tri-calcium phosphate
FEMA No. 3081
Calciresorb;TCP
Phosphoric acid, calcium salt