TRIETHYL AMINE

Triethyl amine is the chemical compound with the formula N(CH2CH3)3, commonly abbreviated Et3N. 
Triethyl amine and the tetraethylammonium ion, it is often abbreviated TEA.
Triethyl amine is a colourless volatile liquid with a strong fishy odor reminiscent of ammonia.

CAS Number: 121-44-8
Molecular Formula: C6H15N
Molecular Weight: 101.19
EINECS Number: 204-469-4

Synonyms: Triethyl amine, triethyl amine, tri-ethyl amine, Triethyl amine-, triethyl amin, triethyl amine, tri ethyl amine, triethyl- amine, Triethylamin, Triaethylamin, Triaethylamin [German], Trietilamina [Italian], trietylamine, trietyl amine, N,N,N-Triethyl amine, N,N-diethylethanamine, N,N-diethyl-ethanamine, Ethanamine, N,N-diethyl-, ethane, diethylamino-, Diethylaminoethane, (Diethylamino)ethane, Triethyl amine, NEt3, Et3N, N(Et)3, N(C2H5)3, (C2H5)3N, (CH3CH2)3N, CAS 121-44-8, CAS-121-44-8, EINECS 204-469-4, EC 204-469-4, UN 1296, UN1296, UNII-VOU728O6AY, FEMA No. 4246, CHEBI:35026, DTXSID3024366, DTXCID204366, CHEMBL284057, RefChem:899489, MFCD00009051, CCRIS 4881, HSDB 896, Q139199, VOU728O6AY, TEN [Base], TEN (Base), AI3-15425, RCA68879, MSK1485, MSK1485-100M, MSK1485-1000M, AKOS000119998, Triethyl amine anhydrous, Triethyl amine, >=99%, Triethyl amine, >=99.5%, Triethyl amine, purum, >=99% (GC), Triethyl amine, puriss. p.a., >=99.5% (GC), Triethyl amine, analytical standard, Triethyl amine, HPLC, 99.6%, Triethyl amine, trace metals grade, 99.99%, Triethyl amine, BioUltra, >=99.5% (GC), Triethyl amine, for synthesis, 99%, Triethyl amine, for amino acid analysis, >=99.5% (GC), Triethyl amine, USP Reference Standard, TRIETHYLAMINE [USP-RS], TRIETHYLAMINE [HSDB], TRIETHYLAMINE [MI], TRIETHYLAMINE [FHFI], Triethyl amine [UN1296] [Flammable liquid], SCHEMBL30, SCHEMBL33343, SCHEMBL33344, SCHEMBL124190, SCHEMBL602389, SCHEMBL4405001, SCHEMBL4448912, SCHEMBL9654416, SCHEMBL22022973, NCGC00248857-01, NCGC00258427-01, Tox21_200873, NCIOpen2_006503, Triethyl amine Solution in Methanol, 100 µg/mL, Triethyl amine Solution in Methanol, 1000 µg/mL, Triethyl amine 100 µg/mL in Acetonitrile, triehtylamine, triehylamine, trieihylamine, triethlyamine, triethyamine, triethylamme, triethylarnine, Thethylamine, Triethlamine, triethyIamine, Triethylannine, (C2H5)3N;(Diethylamino)ethane;ai3-15425;Ethanamine, N,N-diethyl-;ethanamine,n,n-diethyl-;N,N,N-Triethyl amine;N,N-Diethylethanamin;AKOS BBS-00004381

Triethyl amine, Triethyl amine is commonly employed in organic synthesis, usually as a base.
Triethyl amine is prepared by the alkylation of ammonia with ethanol: NH3 + 3 C2H5OH → N(C2H5)3 + 3 H2O
The pKa of protonated Triethyl amine is 10.75, and it can be used to prepare buffer solutions at that pH. 

The hydrochloride salt, Triethyl amine hydrochloride (triethylammonium chloride), is a colorless, odorless, and hygroscopic powder, which decomposes when heated to 261 °C.
Triethyl amine is soluble in water to the extent of 112.4 g/L at 20 °C.
It is also miscible in common organic solvents, such as acetone, ethanol, and diethyl ether.

Laboratory samples of Triethyl amine can be purified by distilling from calcium hydride.
In alkane solvents Triethyl amine is a Lewis base that forms adducts with a variety of Lewis acids, such as I2 and phenols. 
Owing to its steric bulk, it forms complexes with transition metals reluctantly.

Triethyl amine is an organic compound belonging to the class of tertiary aliphatic amines.
Triethyl amine is composed of a nitrogen atom bonded to three ethyl groups and is commonly represented by the chemical formula (C₂H₅)₃N.
Triethyl amine is a low–molecular-weight, volatile, and strongly basic compound that plays an important role in organic and industrial chemistry.

It is typically abbreviated as Et₃N, NEt₃, or TEA in chemical literature.
In its pure form, Triethyl amine appears as a clear, colorless liquid with a strong ammonia- or fish-like odor.
Triethyl amine is miscible with most organic solvents and slightly soluble in water, and it readily absorbs carbon dioxide and moisture from the air.

Chemically, Triethyl amine acts as a weak base and nucleophile, readily accepting protons and neutralizing acids.
It easily forms salts with acids, such as triethylammonium chloride, and can undergo alkylation reactions to produce quaternary ammonium compounds.
Triethyl amine is widely used as a base, catalyst, solvent, and intermediate in organic synthesis.

Its ability to neutralize acids, activate reagents, and stabilize reaction environments makes it an essential reagent in the preparation of esters, amides, polymers, pharmaceuticals, dyes, surfactants, and specialty chemicals.
Triethyl amine is an organic nitrogen-containing compound belonging to the class of tertiary aliphatic amines, in which a central nitrogen atom is bonded to three ethyl groups.
Its molecular formula is C₆H₁₅N, and it is commonly represented as (C₂H₅)₃N.

Triethyl amine is a low-molecular-weight, volatile, and strongly basic liquid that is widely used in both laboratory-scale and industrial chemical processes.
In chemical literature, it is typically abbreviated as Et₃N, NEt₃, or TEA, reflecting its widespread use and familiarity among chemists.
In its pure form, Triethyl amine appears as a clear, colorless liquid with a strong ammonia-like or fishy odor, a characteristic feature of lower aliphatic amines.

It has a relatively low boiling point and high vapor pressure, causing it to evaporate readily at room temperature.
Triethyl amine is miscible with most organic solvents, slightly soluble in water, and readily absorbs moisture and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
Chemically, Triethyl amine behaves as a weak organic base and nucleophile.

It readily accepts protons and reacts with acids to form stable triethylammonium salts, such as triethylammonium chloride.
Because it is a tertiary amine, it does not directly form amide bonds but instead functions as an acid scavenger, neutralizing acidic byproducts such as hydrogen chloride during reactions.
Triethyl amine is an essential reagent in organic synthesis, particularly in reactions involving acyl chlorides, sulfonyl chlorides, acid anhydrides, and coupling reagents.

By removing acidic species, it stabilizes reaction conditions, improves product yields, and minimizes side reactions.
Triethyl amine is also frequently used as a catalyst or co-catalyst in polymerization reactions, urethane foam formation, epoxy resin curing, and condensation reactions.

On an industrial scale, Triethyl amine serves as a key chemical intermediate.
It is used in the production of quaternary ammonium compounds, which find applications as surfactants, disinfectants, fabric softeners, antistatic agents, phase-transfer catalysts, and corrosion inhibitors.
Triethyl amine also plays an important role in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dyes, fragrances, ion-exchange resins, coatings, fuels, and propellants.

Melting point : −115 °C
Boiling point : 90 °C
Density : 0.728
Vapor density : 3.5 (vs air)
Vapor pressure : 51.75 mm Hg (20 °C)
Refractive index : n²⁰/D = 1.401
FEMA : 4246 | TRIETHYLAMINE
Flash point : 20 °F
Storage temperature : Store below +30 °C
Solubility : Water, soluble at 112 g/L (20 °C)
pKa : 10.75 (25 °C)
Form : Liquid
Specific gravity : 0.725 (20/4 °C)
Color : Clear
pH : 12.7 (100 g/L, H₂O, 15 °C)
Relative polarity : 1.8
Odor : Strong ammonia-like odor
Odor threshold : 0.0054 ppm
Odor type : Fishy
Explosive limits : 1.2–9.3 % (v/v)
Evaporation rate : 5.6
Water solubility : 133 g/L (20 °C)
Merck Index : 14,9666
JECFA number : 1611
BRN : 1843166
Henry’s law constant : 1.79 (25 °C; Christie and Crisp, 1967)
Exposure limits : NIOSH REL IDLH 200 ppm; OSHA PEL TWA 25 ppm (100 mg/m³); ACGIH TLV TWA 1 ppm, STEL 3 ppm
Dielectric constant : 5.0 (ambient)
Stability : Stable; extremely flammable; readily forms explosive mixtures with air; incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, ketones, aldehydes, and halogenated hydrocarbons
Cosmetic ingredient functions : Emulsion stabilising
LogP : 1.65
InChI : 1S/C6H15N/c1-4-7(5-2)6-3/h4-6H2,1-3H3
InChIKey : ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES : CCN(CC)CC

Triethyl amine is produced by ethanol and ammonia in the presence of hydrogen, in containing Cu-Ni-clay catalyst reactor under heating conditions (190 ± 2 ℃ and 165 ± 2 ℃) reaction. 
The reaction also produces ethylamine and diethylamine, products were condensed and then absorption by ethanol spray to obtain crude Triethyl amine, through the final separation, dehydration and fractionation, pure Triethyl amine is obtained.

Triethyl amine is and aliphatic amine used as a solvent; corrosion inhibitor; in chemical synthesis; and accelerator activators; paint remover; base in methylene chloride or other chlorinated solvents. 
Triethyl amine is used to solubilize 2,4,5-T in water and serves as a selective extractant in the purification of antibiotics. 
It is used to manufacture quaternary ammonia compounds and octadecyloxymethyltriethylammonium chloride; an agent used in textile treatment.

Triethyl amine is an organic chemical compound classified as a tertiary aliphatic amine, in which a nitrogen atom is bonded to three ethyl groups.
Its molecular formula is C₆H₁₅N, and it is commonly written as (C₂H₅)₃N.
Triethyl amine is a low-molecular-weight, volatile, and strongly basic liquid that is widely used in laboratory, industrial, and manufacturing processes.

In chemical notation and literature, it is typically abbreviated as Et₃N, NEt₃, or TEA.
Physically, Triethyl amine is a clear, colorless liquid with a sharp ammonia-like or fishy odor, which is characteristic of low-molecular-weight amines.
It has a low boiling point, high vapor pressure, and readily evaporates at room temperature.

Triethyl amine is miscible with most organic solvents and slightly soluble in water, while it readily absorbs moisture and carbon dioxide from the air.
From a chemical perspective, Triethyl amine functions as a weak organic base and nucleophile.
It readily accepts protons and reacts with acids to form triethylammonium salts, such as triethylammonium chloride.

Because it is a tertiary amine, it does not form amides directly but instead acts as an acid scavenger, neutralizing acidic byproducts such as hydrogen chloride during chemical reactions.
Triethyl amine plays a crucial role in organic synthesis, where it is commonly used to facilitate reactions involving acyl chlorides, sulfonyl chlorides, and acid anhydrides.
It stabilizes reaction conditions, improves yields, and prevents unwanted side reactions by removing acidic species from the reaction medium.

In addition to laboratory use, Triethyl amine is an important industrial chemical intermediate.
It serves as a precursor for the synthesis of quaternary ammonium compounds, which are widely used as surfactants, disinfectants, fabric softeners, antistatic agents, and corrosion inhibitors.
Triethyl amine is also used in polymer chemistry, coatings, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dyes, and fuel formulations.

Due to its volatility, flammability, and strong odor, Triethyl amine must be handled with care.
Nevertheless, its versatility as a base, catalyst, solvent, and chemical building block makes Triethyl amine one of the most important and commonly used tertiary amines in chemistry and industry.
Beyond synthesis, Triethyl amine is employed in analytical chemistry, where it is used as a mobile-phase modifier in reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to improve peak shape and control pH.

Triethyl amine is also utilized in materials processing, rubber vulcanization, water treatment, and desalination processes.
Due to its flammability, volatility, and strong odor, Triethyl amine must be handled under controlled conditions using appropriate ventilation and protective equipment.
Despite these hazards, its versatility, effectiveness, and broad applicability make Triethyl amine one of the most important tertiary amines in modern chemistry and chemical industry.

Uses Of Triethyl amine:
Triethyl amine is a clear, colorless liquid with an ammonia- or fish-like odor.
Triethyl amine is used in the manufacture of waterproofing agents and as a catalyst, corrosion inhibitor, and propellant.
It is mainly used as a base, catalyst, solvent, and raw material in organic synthesis and is generally abbreviated as Et₃N, NEt₃, or TEA.

Triethyl amine can be used in the preparation of phosgene polycarbonate catalysts, polymerization inhibitors for tetrafluoroethylene, rubber vulcanization accelerators, special solvents in paint removers, enamel anti-hardening agents, surfactants, antiseptics, wetting agents, bactericides, ion-exchange resins, dyes, fragrances, pharmaceuticals, high-energy fuels, and liquid rocket propellants.
It is also used as a curing and hardening agent for polymers and in the desalination of seawater.

Triethyl amine is a base used in the preparation of esters and amides from acyl chlorides and in the synthesis of quaternary ammonium compounds.
Triethyl amine acts as a catalyst in the formation of urethane foams and epoxy resins, in dehydrohalogenation reactions, as an acid neutralizer for condensation reactions, and in Swern oxidations.
It is also applied in reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a mobile-phase modifier.

Additionally, it is used as an accelerator activator for rubber, as a propellant, as a corrosion inhibitor, as a curing and hardening agent for polymers, and in the desalination of seawater.
Furthermore, it is used in the automotive casting industry and the textile industry.
Triethyl amine (TEA, Et₃N) is an aliphatic amine.

Triethyl amine is used as a catalytic solvent in chemical synthesis; as an accelerator activator for rubber; as a wetting, penetrating, and waterproofing agent in quaternary ammonium systems; as a curing and hardening agent for polymers (e.g., core-binding resins); as a corrosion inhibitor; and as a propellant.
Triethyl amine is commonly employed in organic synthesis as a base.
For example, it is widely used during the preparation of esters and amides from acyl chlorides.

In these reactions, hydrogen chloride is produced and reacts with Triethyl amine to form Triethyl amine hydrochloride, also known as triethylammonium chloride (R, R′ = alkyl, aryl): R₂NH + R′C(O)Cl + Et₃N → R′C(O)NR₂ + Et₃NH⁺Cl⁻
Like other tertiary amines, Triethyl amine catalyzes the formation of urethane foams and epoxy resins.
Triethyl amine is also useful in dehydrohalogenation reactions and Swern oxidations.

Triethyl amine readily undergoes alkylation to form the corresponding quaternary ammonium salts: RI + Et₃N → Et₃NR⁺I⁻
Triethyl amine is mainly used in the production of quaternary ammonium compounds for textile auxiliaries and quaternary ammonium dye salts.
It also functions as a catalyst and acid neutralizer in condensation reactions and serves as an intermediate in the manufacture of medicines, pesticides, and other chemicals.

Triethyl amine salts, like other tertiary ammonium salts, are used as ion-interaction reagents in ion-interaction chromatography due to their amphiphilic properties.
Unlike quaternary ammonium salts, tertiary ammonium salts are significantly more volatile, allowing the use of mass spectrometry during analytical procedures.
Triethyl amine is widely used as a base, catalyst, solvent, and reaction auxiliary in organic synthesis.

Triethyl amine is most commonly employed to neutralize acids and to facilitate reactions such as the preparation of esters and amides from acyl chlorides, where it scavenges hydrogen chloride and improves reaction efficiency.
It is used as a catalyst or co-catalyst in the production of urethane foams, epoxy resins, and polymer systems, and as a curing and hardening agent for polymers, including core-binding resins.
Triethyl amine is also applied in dehydrohalogenation reactions, condensation reactions, and Swern oxidations.

In industrial chemistry, Triethyl amine serves as an important intermediate for the synthesis of quaternary ammonium compounds, which are used as surfactants, disinfectants, antistatic agents, textile auxiliaries, corrosion inhibitors, and phase-transfer catalysts.
It is also used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dyes, fragrances, ion-exchange resins, and specialty chemicals.

Triethyl amine is employed as an accelerator activator in rubber processing, as a corrosion inhibitor, and as a component in waterproofing agents and coatings.
It is further used as a propellant and as a component in high-energy fuels and liquid rocket propellants.
In analytical and separation techniques, Triethyl amine is used as a mobile-phase modifier in reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to control pH and improve peak shape.

Its salts are also applied as ion-interaction reagents in chromatography due to their amphiphilic properties.
Additionally, Triethyl amine is used in water treatment and desalination processes, as well as in the automotive casting and textile industries, where its basicity and volatility are advantageous for process control and material performance.

Health Effects Of Triethyl amine:
Triethyl amine is a flammable liquid and a dangerous fire hazard. 
It can affect you when inhaled and by passing through the skin. 
Contact can severely irritate and bum the skin and eyes with possible eye damage. 

Exposure can irritate the eyes, nose and throat. Inhaling can irritate the lungs. 
Higher exposures may cause a build-up of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema), a medical mergency. 
Triethyl amine may cause a skin allergy and affect the liver and kidneys.

Safety Profile Of Triethyl amine:
Moderately toxic by ingestion and skin contact. 
Mildly toxic by inhalation, human systemic effects: visual field changes. 
Experimental reproductive effects, mutation data reported. 

A skin and severe eye irritant, can cause kidney and liver damage. 
A very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers. 
Explosive in the form of vapor when exposed to heat or flame. 

Complex with dinitrogen tetraoxide explodes below 0°C when undduted with solvent, exothermic reaction with maleic anhydride above 150°C. 
Can react with oxidzing materials. Incompatible with N2O4, to fight fire, use CO2, dry chemical, alcohol foam. 
When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx.

Triethyl amine is a highly flammable liquid and vapor and poses a serious fire and explosion hazard, particularly in the presence of heat, sparks, open flames, or oxidizing agents.
Its vapors are heavier than air and may travel along surfaces to distant ignition sources, creating flashback risks.
Exposure to Triethyl amine can cause severe irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract.

Eye contact may result in redness, pain, blurred vision, and potential corneal injury, while skin contact can cause irritation, redness, and chemical burns upon prolonged exposure.
Inhalation of vapors may lead to coughing, chest tightness, headache, dizziness, nausea, and respiratory distress.

High concentrations of Triethyl amine vapor can affect the central nervous system, causing symptoms such as confusion, fatigue, loss of coordination, and, in extreme cases, unconsciousness.
Repeated or prolonged exposure may result in chronic respiratory irritation and sensitization.