PRODUCTS

TRIHEPTANOIN

Triheptanoin, sold under the brand name Dojolvi, is a medication for the treatment of children and adults with molecularly confirmed long-chain fatty acid oxidation disorders (LC-FAOD).
The most common adverse reactions include abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, and nausea.
Triheptanoin was approved for medical use in the United States in June 2020.

CAS Number: 620-67-7
EC Number: 210-647-2
IUPAC Name: 2,3-di(heptanoyloxy)propyl heptanoate or glyceryl triheptanoate
Chemical Formula: C24H44O6

Other names: 620-67-7, Propane-1,2,3-triyl triheptanoate, Trioenanthoin, Trienanthoin, Triheptanoic glyceride, Heptanoin, tri-, Dermofeel TC 7, GLYCERYL TRIHEPTANOATE, Triheptylin, Dojolvi, Glycerol triheptanoate, UX007, glyceroltriheptanoate, Dub thg, Dermofeel tc-7, Radiamuls 2375, Lanol 37T, Lanol 37 t, triheptanoina, triheptanoine, BRN 1807724, Heptanoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, UNII-2P6O7CFW5K, EINECS 210-647-2, 2P6O7CFW5K, UX-007, 3-02-00-00769 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), EC 210-647-2, triheptanoinum, Heptanoin, tri-(6CI,7CI,8CI), 210-647-2, Glycerol trienanthate, 2,3-di(heptanoyloxy)propyl heptanoate, Triheptanoin [USAN], MFCD00042910, Heptanoic acid, 1,1',1''-(1,2,3-propanetriyl) ester, Triheptanoin (USAN), 1,2,3-propanetriyl triheptanoate, Propane-1,2,3-triyl trisheptanoate, Dojolvi (TN), Triheptanoin (Standard), TRIHEPTANOIN [MI], TRIHEPTANOIN [INN], SCHEMBL525618, TRIHEPTANOIN [WHO-DD], Glycerol trienanthate, >=94%, CHEMBL4297585, GTPL11431, DTXSID40862306, PJHKBYALYHRYSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N, Propane-1,2,3-triyltriheptanoate, GLXC-23231, TRIHEPTANOIN [ORANGE BOOK], HY-W013136R, AKOS027320524, CS-W013852, DB11677, HY-W013136, IND106011; UX007, DA-78617, LS-15081, SY125872, 1,3-bis(heptanoyloxy)propan-2-yl heptanoate, NS00002549, A11580, D11465, A868568, EN300-19627495, Q414576, Propane-1,2,3-triyl triheptanoate; Glyceryl triheptanoate

Triheptanoin is a triglyceride that is composed of three seven-carbon (C7:0) fatty acids.
These odd-carbon fatty acids are able to provide anaplerotic substrates for the TCA cycle.
Triheptanoin is used clinically in humans to treat inherited metabolic diseases, such as pyruvate carboxylase deficiency and carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency.
It also appears to increase the efficacy of the ketogenic diet as a treatment for epilepsy.

Since triheptanoin is composed of odd-carbon fatty acids, it can produce ketone bodies with five carbon atoms, as opposed to even-carbon fatty acids which are metabolized to ketone bodies with four carbon atoms.
The five-carbon ketones produced from triheptanoin are beta-ketopentanoate and beta-hydroxypentanoate.
Each of these ketone bodies easily crosses the blood–brain barrier and enters the brain.

Medical uses
Dojolvi is indicated as a source of calories and fatty acids for the treatment of children and adults with molecularly confirmed long-chain fatty acid oxidation disorders (LC-FAOD).

History
Triheptanoin was designated an orphan drug by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2006, 2008, 2014, and 2015.
Triheptanoin was also designated an orphan drug by the European Medicines Agency (EMA).
Triheptanoin was approved for medical use in the United States in June 2020.

The FDA approved triheptanoin based on evidence from three clinical trials (Trial 1/NCT018863, Trial 2/NCT022141 and Trial 3/NCT01379625).
The trials enrolled children and adults with LC-FAOD.
Trials 1 and 2 were conducted at 11 sites in the United States and the United Kingdom, and Trial 3 was conducted at two sites in the United States.

Trial 1 and Trial 2 were used to evaluate the side effects of triheptanoin.
Both trials enrolled children and adults diagnosed with LC-FAOD.
In Trial 1, participants received triheptanoin for 78 weeks.
Trial 2 enrolled participants from other trials who were already treated with triheptanoin (including those from Trial 1) as well as participants who were never treated with triheptanoin before.
Trial 2 is still ongoing and is planned to last up to five years.

The benefit of triheptanoin was evaluated in Trial 3 which enrolled children and adults with LC-FAOD.
Half of the participants received triheptanoin and half received trioctanoin for four months.
Neither the participants nor the investigators knew which treatment was given until the end of the trial.
The benefit of triheptanoin in comparison to trioctanoin was assessed by measuring the changes in heart and muscle function.

Names
Triheptanoin is the international nonproprietary name.
Triheptanoin is triheptanoin is a medium chain triglyceride indicated to provide calories and fatty acids to treat long chain fatty acid oxidation disorders.

Triheptanoin is a source of heptanoate fatty acids, which can be metabolized without the enzymes of long chain fatty acid oxidation.
In clinical trials, patients with long chain fatty acid oxidation disorders (lc-FAODs) treated with triheptanoin are less likely to develop hypoglycemia, cardiomyopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and hepatomegaly.
Complications in lc-FAOD patients are reduced from approximately 60% to approximately 10% with the addition of triheptanoin.

Triheptanoin is a triglyceride that acts as a surfactant and skinconditioning agent, it also helps increase product viscosity. often used in cleansers, face and neck products, moisturizers and lipsticks.

Triheptanoin is a triglyceride that is used for the treatment of inherited metabolic diseases, epilepsy, ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial glucose oxidation.
Triheptanoin (API, IND106011, UX007, Glycerol trienanthate) is a synthetic, medium-chain triglyceride consisting of three odd-chain 7-carbon (heptanoate) fatty acids on a glycerol backbone.
Triheptanoin is used for treatment of fatty acid oxidation disorders and GLUT1.

Consumer Uses
Triheptanoin is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, plant protection products, lubricants and greases, adhesives and sealants, polishes and waxes, fertilisers and coating products. Other release to the environment of Triheptanoin is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).

Other release to the environment of Triheptanoin is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials), indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment), outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)) and indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints).

Triheptanoin can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles.
Triheptanoin can be found in products with material based on: plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones).
Triheptanoin is intended to be released from scented: clothes.

Widespread uses by professional workers
Triheptanoin is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, polishes and waxes and plant protection products.
Other release to the environment of Triheptanoin is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Formulation
Triheptanoin is used in the following products: polymers, lubricants and greases and textile treatment products and dyes.
Release to the environment of Triheptanoin can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.