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Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) is a chemical compound used as a flame retardant, plasticizer, and viscosity regulator in various types of polymers including polyurethanes, polyester resins, and polyacrylates.
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) is a clear, light yellow oily liquid with a faintly buttery odor.
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) is soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, acetone, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride, and only slightly soluble in water.
CAS Number: 115-96-8
Molecular Formula: C6H12Cl3O4P
Molecular Weigh: 285.49
EINECS Number: 204-118-5
Synonyms: Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, 115-96-8, Tris(2-chloroethyl) orthophosphate, Tri(beta-chloroethyl) phosphate, Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate, Celluflex, Fyrol CEF, Disflamoll TCA, Celluflex CEF, Tris(chloroethyl) phosphate, Niax 3CF, Tris(chloroethyl)phosphate, Trichlorethyl phosphate, 2-Chloroethanol phosphate, Niax Flame Retardant 3CF, Genomoll P, TRI(2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE, Ethanol, 2-chloro-, 1,1',1''-phosphate, Ethanol, 2-chloro-, phosphate (3:1), Fyrol CF, Tris(beta-chloroethyl) phosphate, Tris-(2-chlorethyl)fosfat, NCI-C60128, Tri(2-chloroethyl)phosphate, NSC 3213, Tri-beta-chloroethyl phosphate, CCRIS 1302, DTXSID5021411, HSDB 2577, Tris-(2-chlorethyl)fosfat [Czech], Tris-(2-chloroethyl)fosfat, EINECS 204-118-5, Tris-(2-chloroethyl)fosfat [Czech], UNII-32IVO568B0, BRN 1710938, CHEBI:35037, Phosphoric Acid Tris(2-chloroethyl) Ester, Phosphoric acid, tris(2-chloroethyl)ester, AI3-15023, Tri(.beta.-chloroethyl) phosphate, NSC-3213, 2-Chloro-ethanol phosphate (3:1), EINECS 249-806-6, Phosphoric acid, tris(2-chloroethyl) ester, DTXCID601411, 29716-44-7, EC 204-118-5, 32IVO568B0, Tris(.beta.-chloroethyl) phosphate, 4-01-00-01379 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), Phosphoric acid, tri-2-chloroethyl ester, TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE [HSDB], TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE [IARC], 3CF, Antiblaze 100, Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate 10 microg/mL in Cyclohexane, Tris-(2-chloroethyl)fosfat (Czech), C6H12Cl3O4P, CAS-115-96-8, TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) PHOSPHATE (IARC), tri(chloroethyl)phosphate, Tris(|A-chloroethyl) phosphate, Levagard EP, tris(2-chlorethyl)orthophosphate, Nuogard TCEP, Tolgard TCEP, Hostaflam UP810, AMGARD TCEP, Tris(2chlorethyl)fosfat, 2Chloroethanol phosphate, Tris(2chloroethyl)fosfat, Ethanol-2-chlor-phosphat, tri(2chloroethyl)phosphate, tri(chloroethyl) phosphate, tribetachloroethyl phosphate, Tris(2chloroethyl)phosphate, Tri(2chloroethyl) phosphate, SCHEMBL26896, Tris(-chloroethyl) phosphate, Tris(2chloroethyl) phosphate, MLS001056210, BIDD:ER0311, tris(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate, tri-(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, Tris(betachloroethyl) phosphate, Tris(monochloroethyl) phosphate, CHEMBL1413786, Tri-.beta.-chloroethyl phosphate, Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphic acid, WLN: G2OPO & O2GO2G, NSC3213, Tris(2chloroethyl) orthophosphate, DTXSID901016653, EINECS 270-139-1, Tox21_201254, Tox21_300074, Ethanol, 2chloro, phosphate (3:1), Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, 97%, AKOS009029110, Phosphorsaeure-tris-(2-chloretyl)-ester, NCGC00091566-01, NCGC00091566-02, NCGC00091566-03, NCGC00254139-01, NCGC00258806-01, Phosphoric acid, tris(2chloroethyl)ester, Tris(2-chloroethyl)ester phosphoric acid, SMR001216601, Tris (2-Chlorethyl)-orthophosphorsaureester, CS-0030742, NS00010387, P0268, T3447, EN300-19161, A11341, Tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphoric acid ethyl ester, Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, analytical standard, Q1670500, Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R), 249-806-6, TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL)PHOSPHATE 97%;TcepTris(2-Chloroethyl)Phosphate];Tri(chloroethyl)phophate;Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate,97%;Phosphorsuretris-(2-chlorethyl)-ester;3CF;ai3-15023;antiblaze100
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) is combustible.
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) is a trialkyl phosphate that is the tris(2-chloroethyl) ester of phosphoric acid.
It is a trialkyl phosphate and an organochlorine compound.
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) is a ame retardant.
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) phosphate has been added to polyurethane foams and plastics in: Certain children’s products with foam padding, such as some crib bumpers, sleep mats, changing table pads, and portable mattresses.
Some motor vehicles, furniture, building insulation, back-coatings of carpets and upholstery, and electronic and electrical devices.
As of January 2020, California has banned the sale and distribution of new upholstered furniture, replacement components of reupholstered furniture, foam in mattresses, and certain children’s products made for residential use if these products contain more than 0.1% of certain ame retardants, including TCEP.
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) is a low viscous and low acidic ame retardant.
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) appears as a colourless yellow liquid having a molecular weight of 285.49.
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) is used in exible and rigid polyurethane, polyisocyanurate foam, unsaturated polyester resins, PVC, elastomers, cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose, epoxy resins and others.
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) is a ame retardant.
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) has been added to polyurethane foams and plastics in: Certain children’s products with foam padding, such as some crib bumpers, sleep mats, changing table pads, and portable mattresses.
Some motor vehicles, furniture, building insulation, back-coatings of carpets and upholstery, and electronic and electrical devices.
The Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) degradation tted pseudo-zero-order kinetics, with reaction rates of 0.068 mg/(L h) after the rst spike of 5 mg/L and 1.85 mg/(L h) after the second spike of 50 mg/L.
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) was mainly degraded via phosphoester bond hydrolysis, evidenced by the production of bis(2- chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEP) and mono-chloroethyl phosphate (MCEP).
Bis(2-chloroethyl) 2-hydroxyethyl phosphate (TCEP-OH), phosphoric bis(2-chloroethyl) (2-oxoethyl) ester (TCEP-CHO), phosphoric acid bis(2-chloroethyl)(carboxymethyl) ester (TCEP-COOH), and 2-chloroethyl 2-hydroxyethyl hydrogen phosphate (BCEP-OH) were also identied as microbial Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) transformation products, indicating that Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) degradation may follow hydrolytic dechlorination and oxidation pathways.
Microbial community compositions in Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP)-amended microcosms shifted away from control microcosms after the second Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) spike.
Burkholderiales and Rhizobiales were two prevalent bacterial guilds enriched in Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP)-amended microcosms and were linked to the higher abundances of alkaline and acid phosphatase genes and genes involved in the metabolism of 2-chloroethanol, a side product of Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) hydrolysis, indicating their importance in degrading Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and its metabolites.
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) is used as a ame retardant in plastics, especially in exible foams used in automobiles and furniture, and in rigid foams used for building insulation.
No data on occupational exposure levels were available.
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) has been detected in drinking water, river water, sea water and sediments in various parts of the world
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) is a pervasive flame retardant that has been identified as a chemical of concern given its health effects and therefore its use has since been tightly regulated.
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP), is believed to be its replacement.
However, compared to Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP), little is known of the toxicological impacts of TCIPP.
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) and TCIPP in the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, HepG2.
We identified that compared to other flame retardants, Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) and TCIPP had little cytotoxicity.
Treatment with sub-cytotoxic concentrations of the two compounds revealed that both chemicals elicited similar effects; both compounds were found to affect genes involved in immune responses and steroid hormone biosynthesis, while also affecting xenobiotic metabolism pathways in a similar manner.
Specifically for effects on immune responses, both compounds were shown to alter the expression of the receptor of the potent and pleiotropic complement component, C5a.
Additionally, expression of genes encoding for effector proteins involved in the complement cascade along with other potent inflammatory regulators were found altered in response to Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) and TCIPP, further emphasizing their potential effects on immune function.
Taken together, given that TCIPP elicited similar effects compared to Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP), and at lower concentrations, the potential health effects of TCIPP need to be further studied for a complete risk assessment of the compound.
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) is a chlorinated organophosphate.
Organophosphate chemicals have a wide variety of applications and are used as flame retardants, pesticides, plasticizers, and nerve gases.
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) is structurally similar to several other organophosphate flame retardants, such as tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and tris(chloropropyl)phosphate (TCPP).
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) and these other chlorinated organophosphate flame retardants are all sometimes referred to as "chlorinated tris".
Melting point: -51 °C
Boiling point: 192 °C/10 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 1.39 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor pressure: <10 mm Hg ( 25 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.472(lit.)
Flash point: 450 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: H2O: soluble7.82g/L
form: Liquid
color: Clear colorless
Water Solubility: 7 g/L (20 ºC)
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong bases, strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: HQUQLFOMPYWACS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 1.7 at 20℃
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents and strong bases.
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) is an odorless clear liquid.
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) is a trialkyl phosphate that is the tris(2-chloroethyl) ester of phosphoric acid.
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) is a trialkyl phosphate and an organochlorine compound.
Used primarily as an additive plasticiser and viscosity regulator with ame-retarding properties for polyurethane, polyesters, polyvinyl chloride and other polymers.
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) is a chemical compound used as a flame retardant, plasticizer, and viscosity regulator in various types of polymers including polyurethanes, polyester resins, and polyacrylates.
Used in rigid polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams, carpet backing, ame-laminated and rebonded exible foam, ame-retardant coatings, most classes of thermosets, adhesives (gv), cast acrylic sheet, and wood-resin composites such as particle board.
Emulsions of Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP), blended with a binder such as a vinyl or acrylic emulsion, can be used for applications such as the backcoating of upholstery.
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) can be used as a secondary plasticizer in polyvinyl chloride to suppress the ammability resulting from plasticizers such as phthalates.
Where a particularly high degree of ame retardancy is required, it can be used in combination with the aromatic phosphate plasticizers.
Such formulations can serve as an alternative to the use of antimony oxide in plasticized vinyl polymers.
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) is used as a ame retardant in plastics, especially inexible foams used in automobiles and furniture and in rigid foams used for building insulation.
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) was used in dynamic air sampling of airborne organophosphate triesters using a solid-phase microextraction device.
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) widely use in cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose, ethylcellulose, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, polyvinyl acetate, and phenolic resin.
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) can also use as metal extractant, lubricating oil and gasoline additive, and polyimide processing modier.
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) also use as ame retardants in lithium batteries.
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP), is a current use ame-retardant commonly found in furniture containing polyurethane foam.
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) is also used as a ame retardant in many other applications such as electronics, textiles, and carpet.
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) is a complete ether of orthophosphoric acid and ethylene chlorohydrin.
Colorless or light yellow transparent liquid.
An eective re retardant that signicantly improves the re-ghting properties of materials.
Trichloroethyl phosphate forms a homogeneous physical mixture with polymers and does not enter into a chemical reaction with them, which enhances the re retardant eect.
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) is an additive flame retardant, meaning that it is not chemically bonded to treated materials.
Additive flame retardants are thought to be more likely to be released into the surrounding environment during the lifetime of the product than chemically bonded, or reactive, flame retardants.
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) degrades slowly in the environment and is not readily removed by waste water treatment processes.
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) has also been measured in indoor air samples.
Its detection in air samples, however, is less frequent and generally at lower concentrations than other organophosphate flame retardants such as TCEP and TCPP, likely due to its lower vapor pressure.
Organophosphate toxicity is classically associated with acetylcholinesterase inhibition.
Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme responsible for breaking down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
Many organophosphates, especially those designed to act as nerve agents or pesticides, bind with the active site on acetylcholinesterase, preventing it from breaking down acetylcholine.
In rodent studies, Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) was found to have very low capacity to inhibit acetylcholinesterase, and it is considered to have low acute toxicity.
Animals that were given very high doses (>1 g/kg/day) exhibited clinical signs of organophosphate poisoning, including muscle weakness, loss of coordination, hyperactivity, and death.
Uses Of Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP):
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) was used in dynamic air sampling of airborne organophosphate triesters using a solid-phase microextraction device.
Other release to the environment of Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials).
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) can be found in products with material based on: stone, plaster, cement, glass or ceramic (e.g. dishes, pots/pans, food storage containers, construction and isolation material) and metal (e.g. cutlery, pots, toys, jewellery).
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) is used in the following products: coating products.
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) is used in the following areas: offshore mining and building & construction work.
Other release to the environment of Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) is likely to occur from: outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) is used in the following products: coating products.
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) is used in the following areas: offshore mining and building & construction work.
Release to the environment of Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles.
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) is used as a plasticizer and viscosity regulator with ame retardant properties in polyurethanes, polyester resins, polyacrylates and other polymers.
These polymers may be used in furniture, building (e.g., roong insulation) and textile industries (e.g., back-coatings for carpets and upholstery).
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) may also be used in electronic products and in the manufacture of cars.
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) is a low viscous and low acidic ame retardant additive used in exible and rigid polyurethane and
Polyisocyanurate foam, unsaturated polyester resins, Pvc, adhesives, elastomers, cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose, epoxy resins and others.
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) has been used as an additive plasticizer and viscosity regulator with ame-retarding properties for polyesters, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, and other polymers.
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) is a widely used ame retardant and is a clear, viscous liquid with little odour.
The water solubility value of 7.0 g/L at 24°C indicates that Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) has low solubility in water but it is soluble in most solvents and will adsorb to solids and sediments in water based on an estimated soil-water coecient value of 390.
Measured vapour pressure for Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) of 6.1 x 10-2 torr at 25 °C indicates that Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate will exist in both the vapour and particulate phases in the atmosphere.
Signicant volatilization from water surfaces is not expected based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.29 x 10-6 atm-m3 /mol at 25 °C.
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) was used as a flame retardant in children’s pajamas in compliance with the U.S. Flammable Fabrics Act of 1953.
This use was discontinued after children wearing fabrics treated with a very similar compound, Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP), were found to have mutagenic byproducts in their urine.
Following the 2005 phase-out of PentaBDE in the United States, Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) became one of the primary flame retardants used in flexible polyurethane foam used in a wide variety of consumer products, including automobiles, upholstered furniture, and some baby products.
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) can also be used in rigid polyurethane foam boards used for building insulation.
In 2011 it was reported that Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) was found in about a third of tested baby products.
Some fabrics used in camping equipment are also treated with Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) to meet CPAI-84, a standard established by the Industrial Fabrics Association International to evaluate the flame resistance of fabrics and other materials used in tents.
Current total production of Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) is not well known.
In 1998, 2002, and 2006, production in the United States was estimated to be between 4,500 and 22,700 metric tons, and thus Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) is classified as a high production volume chemical.
Stable under normal use; no expected hazardous emissions.
An exposure evaluation is recommended to dene appropriate engineering and administrative controls.
Due to the good plasticization, Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) is widely used in cellulose acetate, polyvinyl acetate, nitrocellulose lacquer, ethyl cellulose, PVC, polyurethane and phenolic resin, which all have a self-extinguish ability.
With the addition of Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP), their physical properties are improved and tactilities feel soft.
Moreover, Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) is a main ame-retardant material to produce polyurethane for ame-retardant cables, anticorrosion tarpaulin, and ame-retardant rubber converter belts.
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) is also called petroleum additive and extractant of rare-earth elements.
Materials used in the building process, such as ooring, insulation, caulk, tile, wood, glass, etc.
Insulating materials to protect from noise, cold, etc (such as used in homes or buildings), insulating materials related to electricity Related to products specically designed for children (e.g. toys, children's cosmetics, etc).
Insulating materials to protect from noise, cold, etc (such as used in homes or buildings), insulating materials related to electricity.
Fire prevention materials, or additives/coatings to prevent ammability in paints, textiles, plastics, etc.
Plastic products, industry for plastics, manufacturing of plastics, plastic additives (modiers included when known).
Fragrances or odor agents, can be used in home products (cleaners, laundry products, air fresheners) or similar industrial products; usage indicated when known; more specic modiers included when known.
Related to electrical work (such as wiring of a building), electric current insulation materials, or other electrical components.
Furniture, or the manufacturing of furniture (can include chairs and tables, and more general furniture such as mattresses, patio furniture, etc.)
Manufacturing of or related to machinery, for production of cement or food, air/spacescraft machinery, electrical machinery, etc.
Various types of paint for various uses, modiers included when more information is known.
Plastic products, industry for plastics, manufacturing of plastics, plastic additives (modiers included when known).
Relating to the disposal and/or treatment of sewage.
Textiles used for clothing or furniture upholstery processes related to textiles (e.g. softeners, antiwrinkle agents), or the processing/manufacturing of textiles
Toys (e.g. dress-up clothes, dolls, playground equipment, bath toys, etc); pet toys; includes additional modiers when appropriate.
Used primarily as an additive plasticiser and viscosity regulator with ame-retarding properties for polyurethane, polyesters, polyvinyl chloride and other polymers.
Safety Profile Of Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP):
Poison by intraperitoneal route moderately toxic by ingestion.
Experimental reproductive effects questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data.
A skin and eye irritant combustible when exposed to heat or flame.
When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of POx and Cl-.
The toxicological data of Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP), LD50 values of 390-1410 mg/kg (and more than 2000 mg/kg in one study), have been reported for rats following oral administration.
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) is nonirritating to very mildly irritating to the skin and mucous membranes.
Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) was not sensitizing to the skin in guinea pigs.
Subchronic administration of tris(2- chloroethyl) phosphate caused increased liver weight in rats and mice.
Additionally, rats showed increased kidney weights and degenerative changes in the hippocampus region of the brain.
Results of mutagenicity studies on Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) are not consistent, but the majority of tests were negative.
Results of carcinogenicity studies suggest that Tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) possesses a weak tumorigenic activity, possibly via an epigenetic mechanism.
When pregnant rats were treated with tris(2- chloroethyl) phosphate, toxic effects were found in the mother, but no fetotoxic or teratogenic effects were observed.
Impairment of reproduction was observed in a two-generation study in mice.
Because of its suspected reproductive toxicity, it is listed as a substance of very high concern under the European Union's REACH regulations.
Its use has been largely replaced by tris(chloropropyl) phosphate, which is safer.
