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TRISODIUM PHOSPHATE

 


Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula Na3PO4. It is a white, granular or crystalline solid, highly soluble in water, producing an alkaline solution. TSP is used as a cleaning agent, builder, lubricant, food additive, stain remover, and degreaser.


CAS NO:
7601-54-9 
10101-89-0


EC NO:231-509-8


IUPAC NAMES:
Agent T148
Fosfato trisódico
Phosphoric acid, trisodium salt
risodium phosphate
Sodium orthophosphate
SODIUM PHOSPHATE
sodium phosphate
tri-Sodio Fosfato 12-hidrato
tri-sodium phosphate
Tribasic sodium orthophosphate
TRISODIUM ORTHOPHOSPHATE
Trisodium orthophosphate
trisodium orthophosphate
Trisodium orthophosphate
trisodium orthophosphate
Trisodium orthophosphate 12-hydrate
Trisodium orthophosphate dodecahydrate
trisodium orthophosphate dodecahydrate
Trisodium phosphate
trisodium phosphate
Trisodium phosphate
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate
Trisodium Phosphate, Tribasic Sodium Phosphate
trisodium;phosphate
trisodiumphosphate
TSP
TSP for SIEF tri-Sodium phosphate for Quality Chemicals, S.L.


SYNONYMS:
Sodium phosphate dodecahydrate [Wiki]
Natriumphosphathydrat (3:1:12) [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Phosphate de sodium, hydrate (1:3:12) [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Phosphoric acid trisodium salt dodecahydrate
Phosphoric acid, trisodium salt, dodecahydrate
Sodium phosphate hydrate (3:1:12) [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate
10101-89-0 [RN]
231-509-8 [EINECS]
7601-54-9 [RN]
MFCD00149198 [MDL number]
Phosphoric acid, trisodium salt, dodeahydrate
Sodium phosphate tribasic dodecahydrate
Sodium phosphate, tribasic dodecahydrate
SODIUM PHOSPHATE, TRIBASIC, DODECAHYDRATE
trisodium and phosphate and dodecahydrate
TRISODIUM ORTHOPHOSPHATE DODECAHYDRATE
TSP
TSPA
TSPC
TRI-SODIUM ORTHOPHOSPHATE
antisal4
dri-tri
emulsiphos440/660
nutrifosstp
oakite
orthophosphatetrisodique
sodiumorthophosphate,tertiary
sodiumphosphate(na3po4)
Sodiumphosphate,ACS,98.0-102.0%(Assay)
sodiumphosphate,anhydrous
Sodiumphosphatetribasicanhy
sodiumtertiaryphosphate
tertiarysodiumphosphate
tribasicsodiumorthophosphate
tribasicsodiumphosphate
trinatriumphosphat
trisodiumphosphate(anhydrous)
trisodiumphosphate,industrial
tromete
Sodium phosphate, tribasic, anhydrous, pure
Phosphoric acid trisodium
Sodium phosphate(V)
Sodium phosphate tri
Trisodium Phosphate(Anhydride)
Sodium phosphate, tribasic,pure,anhydrous
Sodium phosphate, tribasictri-Sodium phosphate
Trisodium phosphate
Tribasic SodiuM Phosphate, Anhydrous, NF
SodiuM phosphate, tribasic, anhydrous, pure 1KG
TisodiuM Phosphate
ATSP
ANTI-THBS1(N-TERMINAL) antibody produced in rabbit
THBS1
TSP1
THBS
Sodium phosphate, anhydrous, technical
BUFFER SOLUTION, PH 2.5
BUFFER SOLUTION, PH 6.5
BUFFER SOLUTION, PH 3.0
BUFFER SOLUTION, PH 9.5
BUFFER SOLUTION, PH 9.0
BUFFER SOLUTION, PH 8.5
Phosphoric acid, sodium salt (1:3)
Sdoium phsophate tribasic anhydrous
Sodium phosphate three


TRISODIUM PHOSPHATE


The item of commerce is often partially hydrated and may range from anhydrous Na3PO4 to the dodecahydrate Na3PO4 • 12H2O. Most often found in white powder form, it can also be called trisodium orthophosphate or simply sodium phosphate.


Production
Trisodium phosphate is produced by neutralization of phosphoric acid using sodium carbonate, which produces disodium hydrogen phosphate. The disodium hydrogen phosphate is reacted with sodium hydroxide to form trisodium phosphate and water.


Na2CO3 + H3PO4 → Na2HPO4 + CO2 + H2O
Na2HPO4 + NaOH → Na3PO4 + H2O
Uses
Cleaning
Trisodium phosphate was at one time extensively used in formulations for a variety of consumer-grade soaps and detergents, and the most common use for trisodium phosphate has been in cleaning agents. The pH of a 1% solution is 12 (i.e., very basic), and the solution is sufficiently alkaline to saponify grease and oils. In combination with surfactants, TSP is an excellent agent for cleaning everything from laundry to concrete driveways. This versatility and low manufacturing price made TSP the basis for a plethora of cleaning products sold in the mid-20th century.


TSP is still sold and used as a cleaning agent, but since the late 1960s, its use has diminished in the United States and many other parts of the world because, like many phosphate-based cleaners, it is known to cause extensive eutrophication of lakes and rivers once it enters a water system.[8] Substitutes are generally not as effective.[9]


TSP is commonly used after cleaning a surface with mineral spirits to remove hydrocarbon residues and may be used with household chlorine bleach in the same solution without hazardous reactions.[citation needed] This mixture is particularly effective for removing mildew, but is less effective at removing mold.[citation needed]


Although it is still the active ingredient in some toilet bowl-cleaning tablets, TSP is generally not recommended for cleaning bathrooms because it can stain metal fixtures and can damage grout.[10]


Chlorination
With the formula {displaystyle {ce {Na3PO4.1/4NaOCl.11H2O}}}{displaystyle {ce {Na3PO4.1/4NaOCl.11H2O}}} the material called chlorinated trisodium phosphate is used as a disinfectant and bleach, like sodium hypochlorite. It is prepared using NaOCl in place of some of the base to neutralize phosphoric acid.[7]


Flux
In the U.S., trisodium phosphate is an approved flux for use in hard soldering joints in medical-grade copper plumbing. The flux is applied as a concentrated water solution and dissolves copper oxides at the temperature used in copper brazing. Residues are water-soluble and can be rinsed out before plumbing is put into service.


TSP is used as an ingredient in fluxes designed to deoxygenate nonferrous metals for casting. It can be used in ceramic production to lower the flow point of glazes.


Painting enhancement
TSP is still in common use for the cleaning, degreasing, and deglossing of walls prior to painting. TSP breaks the gloss of oil-based paints and opens the pores of latex-based paint, providing a surface better suited for the adhesion of the subsequent layer.[11][unreliable source?]


Food additive
Sodium phosphates including monosodium phosphate, disodium phosphate, and trisodium phosphate are approved as food additives in the EU. They are commonly used as acidity regulators and have the collective E number E339.[12] The United States Food and Drug Administration lists sodium phosphates as generally recognized as safe.[13][14]


Exercise performance enhancement
Trisodium phosphate has gained a following as a nutritional supplement that can improve certain parameters of exercise performance.[15] The basis of this belief is the fact that phosphate is required for the energy-producing Krebs cycle central to aerobic metabolism. Phosphates are available from a number of other sources that are much milder than TSP. While TSP is not toxic per se, it is severely irritating to gastric mucosa unless used as part of a buffered solution.


Regulation
In the Western world, phosphate usage has declined owing to ecological problems with the damage to lakes and rivers through eutrophication.


Substitutes
See also: Cleaning products and the environment
By the end of the 20th century, many products that formerly contained TSP were manufactured with TSP substitutes, which consist mainly of sodium carbonate along with various admixtures of nonionic surfactants and a limited percentage of sodium phosphates.


Products sold as TSP substitutes, containing soda ash and zeolites, are promoted as direct substitutes. However, sodium carbonate is not as strongly basic as trisodium phosphate, making it less effective in demanding applications.[citation needed] Zeolites, which are clay based, are added to laundry detergents as water softening agents and are essentially non-polluting; however, zeolites do not dissolve and can deposit a fine, powdery residue in the wash tub.[citation needed] Cleaning products labeled as TSP may contain other ingredients, with perhaps less than 50% trisodium phosphate.


Sodium Phosphate is an inorganic compound used as a laxative, dietary supplement and for electrolyte-replacement purposes. Phosphate, a predominant intracellular anion, plays an important role in energy storage, osteoblastic and osteoclastic activities, regulating serum calcium concentrations, and numerous cellular phosphate-transfer reactions. Sodium phosphate increases fluidity of the intestinal contents by retention of water by osmotic forces, thereby indirectly inducing intestinal smooth muscle constriction. Sodium phosphate is also used in the renal excretion of hydrogen ions while promoting the reabsorption of sodium ions.


Industry Uses        
Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
Corrosion inhibitors and anti-scaling agents
Finishing agents
Industrial Detergent
Intermediates
Oxidizing/reducing agents
Plating agents and surface treating agents
Processing aids, not otherwise listed
Solvents (for cleaning and degreasing)
Surface active agents
Viscosity adjustors
cleaning additive


Consumer Uses        
Agricultural products (non-pesticidal)
Automotive care products
Building/construction materials not covered elsewhere
Cleaning and furnishing care products
Fabric, textile, and leather products not covered elsewhere
Laundry and dishwashing products
Metal products not covered elsewhere
Non-TSCA use
Water treatment products


Trisodium phosphate is mainly produced as the dodecahydrate by complete neutralization of phosphoric acid with caustic soda or soda ash and subsequent crystallization. Since neutralization with soda ash does not proceed beyond the stage of the disodium salt, caustic soda must be added to complete the reaction. Frequently, mother liquors of mono- or disodium phosphate production or crystalline disodium phosphates are used as starting materials. In another process, trisodium phosphate is obtained by digestion of the phosphate-rich neutralization sludges, which accumulate in the purification of wet phosphoric acid by precipitation, with caustic soda and with addition of water glass.


Industry Processing Sectors
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting
All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing
Cyclic crude and intermediate manufacturing
Food, beverage, and tobacco product manufacturing
Machinery manufacturing
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing (includes clay, glass, cement, concrete, lime, gypsum, and other nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing.
Oil and gas drilling, extraction, and support activities
Primary metal manufacturing
Services
Soap, cleaning compound, and toilet preparation manufacturing


What Is Trisodium Phosphate (TSP)?
Trisodium phosphate, commonly called TSP, is a packaged, blended cleaning product consisting of 75 to 80 percent trisodium phosphate and 20 to 25 percent sodium carbonate. TSP usually comes in the form of an odorless dry powder that must be thoroughly mixed into hot water to form a mostly clear solution, though slightly cloudy. Applied with sponges or scrub brushes, TSP is an effective, heavy-duty cleaner for problem areas around the house that may be sooty, greasy, or dirty. Though bans on phosphates are in effect in many communities, TSP, where legal, is often favored by contractors and painters to ensure that the surface will be clean, dust-free, and able to take the paint. Phosphate-free substitutes to TSP are available.


Pros
Inexpensive
Readily available in states that do allow its sale
Excellent cleaner for heavy-duty dirt and stains, especially grease
Can be mixed stronger or weaker, as needed
Long shelf life if kept dry


Cons
Not available in some states due to TSP bans
Will clump if it is not kept dry or free of humid conditions
Will stain some surfaces if precaution is not taken
Can irritate the eyes and skin
Can damage glass and mirrors and can darken aluminum


Pros of Cleaning with TSP
Efficacy: There’s little doubt that TSP cleaner works great. In fact, it often succeeds where other solutions fail to do the trick with the most stubborn stains like grease and dirt.
Easy application: You might expect that using such a powerful cleaning agent would entail a complicated procedure, but once diluted, TSP can be applied simply with a brush or sponge, or via a sprayer.
Suitability for exterior surfaces: TSP works well—and without damage—on a variety of surfaces, including brick and stone, cement, wood, and roofing. If the surface is previously painted, you should expect to repaint after cleaning with TSP (see next).
Paint-stripping capabilities: So strong that it will peel old paint from a surface along with the stains, TSP is often used for cleaning surfaces in the course of preparation for painting, particularly for exteriors. It removes splintered or flaking leftover paint that may impede the bond of the new coat.
Mold and mildew treatment: One benefit of washing exteriors with TSP cleaner is that, when combined with household bleach, it eliminates mold and mildew.


Brief Description:


Trisodium Phosphate (Na₃PO₄) is a white crystal that forms an alkaline solution when mixed with water. TSP is non-toxic, cheap, and has a pH of 12-14 in solution. This solution is extremely basic and is used to clean, sanitize, and remove stains from various substrates by saponification. TSP can react with aluminum, causing erosion and hydrogen gas formation. Phosphate is also harmful to the water ecosystems, and thus may be regulated in various areas. TSP can be bought in anhydrous form, but is often produced in partially hydrated form (up to Na₃PO₄•12H₂O) (MSDS, 2002).


Application in Wine Microbiology:


Mild alkalies such as TSP are used when there isn’t a heavy load of microorganisms. Chlorinated TSP can be bought and used in all winery equipment (except for barrels) for sterilization (Fugelsang, 1996). TSP reduces cell viability and membrane integrity, and has a superior antimicrobial effect compared to other phosphate compounds. It is important to note that TSP is most effective against aerobic microbes (Sallam et al., 2004); 1 cup per 5 gallons is the recommended dilution, and washing with citric acid is recommended to neutralize the residue. The recommended procedure is rinse with water, rinse with TSP solution, rinse with water, rinse with citric acid, and then rinse with water again (Vintner Vault, 2010).


What Is Trisodium Phosphate & Its Applications?
Trisodium phosphate uses traditionally revolved around industrial and residential cleaning. As an ingredient in detergents, degreasers, and mildew removers, this powerful chemical features alkalinizing properties that made it popular in laundry detergents and dishwashing liquids since alkaline cuts through grease and oil. It was also used as a paint prep agent on interior and exterior walls and mixed with bleach to create a strong mold cleaner. However, it is not recommended for wood cleaning because of staining properties, nor is it used on metal or glass due to damage and filmy residue, respectively.


Why Is Trisodium Phosphate In Food?
In addition to its many cleaning applications, trisodium phosphate is surprisingly utilized as a food additive. It is called E339 when used for food purposes. Main utilizations include its functions as a thickening agent, acidity regulator, emulsifier, and nutritional enlargement product. Most common foods containing the additive include meat, cheese, and baked goods. The chemical holds moisture in meat, whether stored or cooked, and helps cheese maintain its shape and melting abilities. It is used as a leavening agent in bread, cake, muffins, and similar products.


Trisodium phosphate in cereal is yet another common food application. The chemical makes minor changes to improve dry, extruded cereal color while also promoting the product’s flow through extruder equipment. Further cereal uses include phosphorus fortification.


Commercial cereals featuring this additive include Cheerios (all kinds), Cocoa Puffs, Cinnamon Toast Crunch, Kix (all kinds), Mom’s Best Cereals, Trader Joe’s O’s (all kinds), Trix, Lucky Charms, Honeycomb, Wheaties, Total Raisin Bran, Cookie Crisp, Dora The Explorer Cereal, Reese’s Puffs, Golden Grahams, SpongeBob SquarePants Cereal, and Heart Healthy Cereal.


Additional popular foods containing trisodium phosphate include lunch meat, ham, and other processed meats, rice syrup, canned soups, pizza dough, cake mixes, cheese sauces, and baked goods.


Almost any food requiring processing and freezing features this additive. Despite warnings from the EPA and CDC, the chemical is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for food industry use. Trisodium phosphate’s reach even extends to the nutritional supplements many professional athletes use to enhance or support their physical abilities.


The European Union also approves the chemical’s presence in food.


Trisodium Phosphate (TSP) is a colorless crystalline powder. It is soluble in water and has stain-removing properties.


Trisodium Phosphate is commonly used in cleaning agents and detergents, water softeners, textiles, papers, photography, paint removers, food additives, dietary supplements, and as an emulsifier.


Where is TSP the Most Effective?
If you keep the caveats detailed above in mind, you may choose to employ TSP for various tough cleaning jobs.


Power through accumulated layers of dirt, grease, grime, soot, and stains on exteriors—notably masonry (brick, stone, cement, and concrete), wood (decks and siding), and roofing.
When prepping for a paint job, TSP can clean and de-gloss painted surfaces and remove peeling, flaking old paint.
Inside the house, TSP works well on the stubborn sort of grease-meets-dirt gunk typically found after pulling an old stove or fridge away from the wall.
Though it shouldn’t be used to clean grout, TSP can be used to remove it; TSP is an active ingredient in grout removal products.
TSP can safely be mixed with bleach to remove mold and mildew (see below for measurement guidelines).


Sodium phosphate refers to a group of phosphorus-derived food additives.


These additives are made by combining different combinations of sodium (salt) and inorganic phosphate, a phosphorus-derived chemical compound.


Phosphorus is an important mineral that is naturally found in foods like milk, beans, meat, fish, eggs, poultry and nuts.


This type of natural phosphorus is known as organic phosphorus and essential for bone health, cellular repair, muscle contraction and nerve function, among other vital processes (2Trusted Source).


Inorganic phosphorus includes phosphorus-derived food additives like trisodium phosphate, which are added to foods as an ingredient.


Trisodium phosphate is one of the most common types of sodium phosphate additives and can be found in a variety of items.


It and other phosphate additives are routinely used in fast food and other highly processed products.


SUMMARY
Trisodium phosphate is a food additive that contains sodium and inorganic phosphate. Sodium phosphate additives are commonly found in highly processed foods.


Why Is Trisodium Phosphate Added to Food?
Trisodium phosphate and other sodium phosphate additives have multiple uses in the food industry and are found in many commercially prepared products.


They are used to decrease acidity and improve texture in foods like baked goods and meats.


They also act as leavening agents in baked goods, meaning they help dough rise and maintain its form.


For example, trisodium phosphate is a popular ingredient in store-bought bread, cakes, muffins and cake mixes due to its ability to increase the fluffiness and height of these items.


It’s also often added to meat and seafood products like bacon, sausage, lunch meat and canned tuna to help retain moisture, increase shelf life and prevent spoilage (3Trusted Source).


Additionally, sodium phosphate additives help balance out the pH levels of these foods, keeping them from becoming too acidic or alkaline, which can cause food to spoil more quickly.


Furthermore, sodium phosphate additives act as thickening agents in products like boxed mashed potatoes, prevent soda from darkening in color and keep the oil and water in processed cheese products from separating (4Trusted Source).


SUMMARY
Sodium phosphate additives are added to many processed foods to improve texture, help baked goods rise, prevent spoilage and increase shelf life.


Abstract
Use of trisodium phosphate (TSP) treatment for reducing levels of bacteria in poultry is discussed with reference to: health and economic consequences of poultry contamination, causes or routes of contamination, possibilities for reduction of microbial loads, mechanisms of action of TSP, sensory properties and quality of TSP-treated poultry, antimicrobial effectiveness, influences on shelf-life, and worldwide authorization of this process, with special reference to the situation in the European Union. A summary of the main results of microbial reductions on poultry following TSP treatment is shown for Salmonella, coliforms/Escherichia coli, Enterobacteriaceae, Campylobacter, Pseudomonas, total counts, Listeria, Staphylococcus aureus and Lactobacillus. The main results on microbial reductions assessed in foodstuffs other than poultry (beef, fruit, fish and shellfish) are also shown.


Sodium phosphate tribasic dodecahydrate is also known as trisodium phospate or TSP. It is highly soluble in water and widely used as a cleaning agent. The pH of a 1% solution is typically around 12, making this reagent sufficiently alkaline for saponification of grease and oils. Often used in the formulation of various buffers; complementary buffer components may include: Sodium phosphate monobasic (sc-215883; sc-251042), Sodium phosphate dibasic (sc-203277; sc-236917) or Potassium Phosphate, Dibasic (sc-203210). Trisodium phosphate is used in the isolation of mycobacteria, including culturing of tubercle bacilli. Has been used as a protein precipitant in certain applications and in co-precipitation and fractionization of nucleotides. May be used for the preservation of biologically active soil samples. Because of the alkaline pH, TSP disrupts cytoplasmic and outer membranes of Salmonella enterica cells making it useful in preventing the spread of bacteria.
Anhydrous form also available: Trisodium phosphate (sc-251041).


This white crystalline inorganic compound is highly soluble in water and produces an alkaline solution. Trisodium phosphates are typically found in various commercial and industrial cleaning agents, lubricant, food additives, laundry and carpeting stain removers, and automotive, commercial and industrial degreasers. The primary method of synthesis of trisodium phosphates is via the neutralization of phosphoric acid with sodium hydroxides, most commonly sodium carbonate. Carbonate alone only produces disodium phosphate. Its utility as a cleaning agent derives from its ability to saponify grease and oils, particularly when combined with surfactants. It was the basis for innumerable cleaning products throughout the 20th century, but its popularity waned in the 1960s once it was discovered that it was a prime cause of the eutrophication of lakes and rivers once it became part of local water tables. Today, TSP is typically used for cleaning surfaces that have been exposed to mineral spirits as a solvent in order to remove the hydrocarbon residue, and can be safely combined with chlorine bleach without generating a hazardous reaction.


Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is a superior quality white granular chemical treatment product that is suitable for a range of commercial and industrial applications.


Trisodium phosphate has a variety of applications but is primarily used as a cleaning agent, food additive, stain remover and degreaser.


Trisodium phosphate is a white, granular or crystalline solid, highly soluble in water producing an alkaline solution.


Product Benefits
Superior quality trisodium phosphate – TSP
Versatile, range of commercial and industrial applications
Easy to use, granular product


Application: Trisodium phosphate is an inorganic compound with major uses as a cleaner, lubricant, food additive, stain remover, and degreaser. As a cleaner, it is sufficiently basic to saponify grease and oils and is excellent at cleaning anything from textiles to stone. It is largely used as an antioxidant when used as a food additive.


Compatibility: Trisodium phosphate is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, and magnesium metal and is corrosive to some metals. 


Sodium phosphate, tribasic is used in soaps, detergents, photographic developers, water softeners and boiler scale removers. It is used as a food additive, as cleaning agents, as a protein precipitant and an active ingredient in fluxes designed to deoxygenate nonferrous metals for casting. It is used to prepare chlorinated trisodium phosphate by reacting with sodium hypochlorite and used as a disinfectant and bleach. Further, it is used in dairy substitutes and to inhibit mold. In addition, it is employed in ceramic production. It is also used for the preservation of biologically active soil samples and fractionization of nucleotides.


Product description : trisodium phosphate comes as white or translucent, odorless crystals with a Na2O approximate content of 26.5%. It is soluble in water.


Uses : trisodium phosphate is used in surface treatment, as a cleaning agent, as stain remover, degreaser and in the food industry as an acidity regulator.


TSP is a white powder found in most hardware stores. It is a highly water soluble ionic salt. Can also be called trisodium phosphate though it is is often found in hydrated forms. Uses: A cleaning agent, stain remover, degreaser, commonly used to prepare surfaces for cleaning, sodium phosphates can be used as food additives, acidity regulators, emulsifiers, thickening agents, sequestrant, and in enemas.


Trisodium phosphate (TSP), available at most hardware stores in white powder form, is a cleaning agent, stain remover and degreaser, commonly used to prepare surfaces for painting. It can also be called trisodium orthophosphate and has the chemical formula Na3PO4. It is a highly water-soluble ionic salt. Solutions of it dissolved in water have an alkaline pH.
It can also be found as a food additive; it is used as an acidity regulator (buffering agent), emulsifier, thickening agent, nutrition enlargement agent and sequestrant (metal-chelating agent). In these uses, all sodium phosphates may be collectively referred to as sodium phosphate, or by E number E339. The same is true when sold as an enema, working as a laxative to treat constipation. Sodium phosphate enemas are sold over-the-counter in the United States. However, it should not be confused with the related compounds sodium dihydrogen phosphate, also known as monosodium phosphate or MSP, and disodium hydrogen phosphate.


TSP for cleaning
Similar chemicals were once common in laundry and dishwashing detergents, but the phosphate, being a fertilizer, would cause algal blooms in the bodies of water that the drains led to. In the early 1970s the use of phosphate-containing products was limited. Now products sold as TSP Substitute, containing 80–90% sodium carbonate, are promoted as a direct substitute.


Cleaning products labeled as TSP may contain other ingredients as well, and may in fact be less than half TSP. So even "regular" TSP found at the hardware store may be half TSP and half "TSP substitute". Savogran's brand actually contains 80% trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate.


Although it is the active ingredient in at least one toilet bowl cleaning tablet, TSP is generally not good for cleaning bathrooms, because it can corrode metal.


TSP is commonly used after cleaning with mineral spirits in order to then clean up all the mineral spirits. TSP may be used with household chlorine bleach in the same solution, and this is particularly good for removing mildew from wood. The TSP alone can cause dark stains on redwood, and bleach prevents it.


Also used in various forms as a boiler treatment chemical for calcium precipitation, as well as regulating the caustic effects of disodium phosphate in coordinated phosphate chemistry.


Molecular formula: Na3PO4
Molar mass: 163,94 g / mol
Density: 1.620 g / cm3 (dodecahydrate)
Melting point: 73.5 ° C Decay. (Dodecahydrate)
Solubility in water: 1.5 g / 100 mL (0 ° C), 8.8 g / 100 mL (25 ° C)
Basisite (PCU): 2.23
Structure: Crystal structure
Flash point: Flammable


Description
Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is an inorganic salt used as industrial detergents, metal treatment and in toilet floor cleaners. TSP is pure cleaning power. Used as a water softener; for the treatment of boiler water; as a paint remover; in photographic developers; for tanning leather; for manufacturing paper; for clarifying sugar.
Also, it is a common laboratory reagent. Use to dissolve dirt, grease, and mildew from siding, decks, masonry, boats, campers. To prepare surfaces before painting or staining wash with TSP. Trisodium phosphate is an approved food additive in the U.S., European Union and other countries of the world. It may be added to foods and beverages or smoothies and green drinks. The primary function of trisodium phosphate is acidity regulation. It is commonly present in dry, extruded cereals. Together with other phosphates, it modifies cereal color, aids the cereal's flow through the extruder and provides phosphorus fortification. It is also commonly present in cheese sauces as an emulsifier. Trisodium phosphate is a strong chemical and can cause severe eye damage and can burn unprotected skin. Poisoning occurs if you swallow, breathe in, or spill large amounts of this substance on your skin.
Chemical Properties
Trisodium phosphate (anhydrous) is a white, granular or crystalline solid, highly soluble in water and produces a strong alkaline solution. On exposure to heat, trisodium phosphate decomposes and produces toxic and corrosive fumes including phosphorous oxides.
The major use for trisodium phosphate is as a cleaning agent, food additive, stain remover, and degreaser. Trisodium phosphate of commercial grade is often partially hydrated and ranges from anhydrous trisodium phosphate, Na3PO4, to the dodecahydrate, Na3PO4 · 12H2O. Most often found in white powder form, it is also called trisodium orthophosphate or just plain sodium phosphate. Trisodium phosphate reacts violently with water and acids to liberate heat. Trisodium phosphate is corrosive and in the presence of water attacks many metals.
Trisodium phosphate is an approved flux for use in hard soldering joints in medical grade copper plumbing. The flux is applied as a concentrated water solution and dissolves copper oxides at the temperature used in copper brazing. Residues are fully water soluble and can be rinsed out of plumbing before it is put in service. Also, trisodium phosphate is still in vast use for the cleaning, degreasing, and deglossing of walls prior to painting. In fact, application of trisodium phosphate breaks the gloss of oil-based paints and opens the pores of latex-based paint providing a surface better suited for the adhesion of the subsequent layer of paint.
Physical properties
The dodecahydrate is a white or colorless hexagonal crystal; density 1.62 g/cm3; melts around 75°C on rapid heating; partially loses water of crystallization at 100°C; retains the last water molecule even at moderate ignition; soluble in water, about 28 g/100 mL at 20°C; the solution is strongly alkaline; the pH of a 0.1M solution 11.5; insoluble in alcohol.
Uses
Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is a cleaning agent, lubricant, food additive, stain remover and degreaser. It is an alkaline cleaning agent that has been used as a household cleaner for many years, but ecological problems have largely ended that practice, at least in the western world. Substitutes are not as effective, but the raw chemical can be bought in bulk to add to other detergents. It works by disrupting the bacterial cell membrane and causing the contents to leak out, though the exact mechanism is not fully elucidated (Oyarzabal, 2005). Trisodium phosphate solutions are approved for treatment of beef carcasses in the US Code of Federal Regulations (21 CFR 182.1778; FDA 2003).
By the end of the 20th century, many products that formerly contained TSP were manufactured with TSP substitutes, which consist mainly of sodium carbonate along with various admixtures of nonionic surfactants and a limited percentage of sodium phosphates. TSP is commonly used after cleaning with mineral spirits in order to remove hydrocarbon residues. TSP may be used with household chlorine bleach in the same solution without hazardous reactions. This mixture is particularly good for removing mildew, but is ineffective at permanently removing mold.
Uses
sodium phosphate helps maintain product pH.
Uses
Trisodium Phosphate is an emulsifier and buffer that is strongly alkaline, with a ph of 12. it is moderately soluble in water, with a solubility of 14 g/100 ml at 25°c. it functions as an emulsifier in processed cheese to improve texture. it maintains viscosity and pre- vents phase separation in evaporated milk and is also found in cereals. it is also termed trisodium orthophosphate, sodium phosphate tribasic, and trisodium monophosphate.
Preparation
Trisodium phosphate may be prepared in two steps, first by adding a little excess of sodium carbonate to phosphoric acid and then boiling the solution to expel carbon dioxide. Sodium hydroxide is then added to the solution:
Na2CO3+ H3PO4→Na2HPO4+ CO2+ H2O
Na2HPO4+ NaOH →Na3PO4+ H2O
Alternatively, trisodium phosphate may be prepared by complete neutralization of phosphoric acid with sodium hydroxide, followed by evaporation and crystallization:
H3PO4+ 3NaOH →Na3PO4+ 3H2O


Industrial uses
Different salts of phosphoric and polyphosphoric acids are used in flotation. From this fairly large family of reagents, sodium phosphate is the preferred species. Trisodium phosphate is a white, crystalline substance highly soluble in water. Neutralizing phosphoric acid with soda ash produces trisodium phosphate.
Mono- and disodium phosphates are rarely used.


A colourless crystalline compound, Na3PO4, soluble in water and insoluble in ethanol. It is known both as the decahydrate (octagonal; r.d. 2.54) and the dodecahydrate (trigonal; r.d. 1.62) The dodecahydrate loses water at about 76°C and the decahydrate melts at 100°C. Trisodium phosphate may be prepared by boiling sodium carbonate with the stoichiometric amount of phosphoric acid and subsequently adding sodium hydroxide to the disodium salt thus formed. It is useful as an additive for high-pressure boiler feed water (for removal of calcium and magnesium as phosphates), in emulsifiers, as a water-softening agent, and as a component in detergents and cleaning agents. Sodium phosphate labelled with the radioactive isotope 32P is used in the study of the role of phosphate in biological processes and is also used (intravenously) in the treatment of polycythaemia.


Trisodium Phosphate (TSP) is used as a source of alkalinity in fiber-reactive dyeing processes for both cotton and cotton blends. Its used makes the dyeing process less sensitive to pH swings that might otherwise occur. This can lead to increases in production rates in dyeing processes.


Consumer Uses
This substance is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, fertilisers, washing & cleaning products, coating products and fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay.
Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.
Article service life
Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal). Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials), indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment), indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)) and indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints). This substance can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles, machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines) and electrical batteries and accumulators. This substance can be found in products with material based on: paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper), fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys), leather (e.g. gloves, shoes, purses, furniture), plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones), stone, plaster, cement, glass or ceramic (e.g. dishes, pots/pans, food storage containers, construction and isolation material) and metal (e.g. cutlery, pots, toys, jewellery).


Widespread uses by professional workers
This substance is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, metal surface treatment products, non-metal-surface treatment products, polymers, coating products and fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay.
This substance is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing.
This substance is used for the manufacture of: metals, fabricated metal products, machinery and vehicles, pulp, paper and paper products and chemicals.
Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.
Formulation or re-packing
This substance is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, fertilisers, cosmetics and personal care products and washing & cleaning products.
Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, formulation in materials, in processing aids at industrial sites, as processing aid, in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.
Uses at industrial sites
This substance is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, metal surface treatment products, non-metal-surface treatment products and fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay.
This substance is used in the following areas: municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment.
This substance is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, metals, fabricated metal products, machinery and vehicles, pulp, paper and paper products and textile, leather or fur.
Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles, as processing aid, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), of substances in closed systems with minimal release and formulation of mixtures.
Manufacture
Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, formulation of mixtures, in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles, formulation in materials, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid and as processing aid.


 

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