Quick Search
Urea, thio- is the Chemical Abstracts index name for thiourea, the sulfur analogue of urea in which sulfur replaces the carbonyl oxygen atom.
Urea, thio- is a nitrogen- and sulfur-containing crystalline compound used principally as a chemical intermediate, complexing reagent, reducing-system component, metal-processing additive, and laboratory reagent.
Urea, thio- is used in textile chemicals, thiourea dioxide manufacture, precious-metal recovery, electroplating, metal cleaning, organic synthesis, resins, pharmaceuticals, analytical chemistry, mining, and specialty industrial formulations.
CAS Number: 62-56-6
EC Number: 200-543-5
Molecular Formula: CH4N2S
Molecular Weight: 76.12 g/mol
Synonyms: Urea, thio-, Thiourea, Thiocarbamide, Thio-Urea, Thio Urea, Sulfourea, Sulourea, Isothiourea, 2-Thiourea, Urea 2-Thio, Urea, 2-Thio-, Thiocarbonic Acid Diamide, Thiocarbonic Diamide, Carbonothioic Diamide, Carbamimidothioic Acid, Pseudothiourea, Pseudourea 2-Thio, Beta-Thiopseudourea, β-Thiopseudourea, 2-Thiopseudourea, Thiuronium, Thiourea Crystal, Thiourea Powder, Industrial Thiourea, Technical-Grade Thiourea, High-Purity Thiourea, Reagent-Grade Thiourea, Analytical-Grade Thiourea, Thiourea 99%, THU, TU, (NH2)2CS, H2NCSNH2, CAS 62-56-6, EC 200-543-5, EINECS 200-543-5, PubChem CID 2723790, RCRA Waste Number U219, Thiourea Complexing Agent, Thiourea Reducing Agent, Thiourea Metal-Treatment Additive, Thiourea Plating Additive, Thiourea Leaching Reagent, Thiourea Dioxide Intermediate, Thiourea Organic-Synthesis Intermediate
APPLICATIONS
Urea, thio- is used as an industrial chemical intermediate.
Urea, thio- is used to introduce thiocarbonyl functionality into suitable organic compounds.
Urea, thio- is used as a source of nitrogen and sulfur in specialty chemical synthesis.
Urea, thio- is used after purity, water content, and impurity requirements have been established.
Urea, thio- is used as the principal precursor for thiourea dioxide manufacture.
Urea, thio- is oxidized under controlled manufacturing conditions to produce thiourea dioxide.
Urea, thio- is used to manufacture reducing agents for textile and industrial processing.
Urea, thio- is used after the oxidation process and residual-reactant limits have been validated.
Urea, thio- is used indirectly in textile bleaching through conversion to thiourea dioxide.
Urea, thio- is used indirectly in textile stripping and color-removal systems.
Urea, thio- is used to manufacture reducing agents for wool and synthetic-fiber processing.
Urea, thio- is used in textile applications only through appropriately formulated and controlled chemical products.
Urea, thio- is used in textile-printing and dyeing auxiliary manufacture.
Urea, thio- is used to produce or modify sulfur-containing dyeing auxiliaries.
Urea, thio- is used in selected textile-reduction and decolorization chemistries.
Urea, thio- is used after compatibility with fibers, dyes, oxidants, and finishing agents has been confirmed.
Urea, thio- is used in textile-treatment research.
Urea, thio- is used to evaluate reducing conditions in dye-removal systems.
Urea, thio- is used to study chemical modification of textile auxiliaries.
Urea, thio- is used under controlled laboratory conditions with appropriate wastewater treatment.
Urea, thio- is used in diazo-copying and reprographic chemical systems.
Urea, thio- is used in the manufacture of specialty diazo-paper ingredients.
Urea, thio- is used in selected photographic and photocopying chemical formulations.
Urea, thio- is used less extensively where digital imaging has replaced traditional chemical processes.
Urea, thio- is used in black-and-white photographic processing chemicals.
Urea, thio- is used as a stabilizing or antioxidant component in selected photographic systems.
Urea, thio- is used in cleaners for photographic tanks and processing equipment.
Urea, thio- is used only after compatibility with photographic emulsions and processing baths has been demonstrated.
Urea, thio- is used in electroplating formulations.
Urea, thio- is used as a complexing and bath-modifying agent in selected metal-deposition systems.
Urea, thio- is used to influence metal-ion availability and deposition behavior.
Urea, thio- is used after bath chemistry, current density, and deposit quality have been optimized.
Urea, thio- is used in copper electroplating research and specialized commercial processes.
Urea, thio- is used to modify grain structure and surface appearance in selected copper-deposition baths.
Urea, thio- is used as an additive in printed-circuit-board metal-finishing research.
Urea, thio- is used only at concentrations supported by the complete plating-process specification.
Urea, thio- is used in copper-refining electrolysis.
Urea, thio- is used to influence cathodic deposition in selected electrolytic-refining systems.
Urea, thio- is used to complex or modify the behavior of metal ions in solution.
Urea, thio- is used after impurity accumulation and electrolyte stability have been evaluated.
Urea, thio- is used in silver-plating and silver-treatment formulations.
Urea, thio- is used to form soluble complexes with silver ions.
Urea, thio- is used in selected non-cyanide and specialty precious-metal baths.
Urea, thio- is used after deposit adhesion, brightness, porosity, and bath stability have been tested.
Urea, thio- is used in gold-plating and precious-metal surface-treatment research.
Urea, thio- is used to form coordination complexes with gold under suitable chemical conditions.
Urea, thio- is used in specialized plating systems designed by qualified formulators.
Urea, thio- is used without assuming that it is interchangeable with cyanide or sulfite plating chemistry.
Urea, thio- is used in metal-finishing solutions.
Urea, thio- is used in printed-circuit-board manufacturing processes.
Urea, thio- is used in selected immersion and electroless surface-finishing systems.
Urea, thio- is used after substrate, bath, waste-treatment, and worker-exposure requirements have been assessed.
Urea, thio- is used in precious-metal leaching research.
Urea, thio- is used as an alternative ligand for dissolving gold under appropriately oxidizing acidic conditions.
Urea, thio- is used in selected gold-recovery processes where cyanide-free chemistry is being investigated.
Urea, thio- is used only in engineered systems that control oxidants, acidity, decomposition, and wastewater.
Urea, thio- is used in silver extraction and recovery research.
Urea, thio- is used to form soluble silver–thiourea complexes.
Urea, thio- is used in hydrometallurgical investigations involving precious-metal-bearing materials.
Urea, thio- is used after reagent consumption and downstream metal-recovery procedures have been validated.
Urea, thio- is used in ore-leaching studies.
Urea, thio- is used in mineral-processing research for gold- and silver-containing ores.
Urea, thio- is used where mineralogy and competing metal ions permit effective complex formation.
Urea, thio- is used after environmental, economic, corrosion, and reagent-stability assessments.
Urea, thio- is used in metal-flotation reagent development.
Urea, thio- is used in selected mineral-processing formulations.
Urea, thio- is used to modify interactions between metal minerals and aqueous reagents.
Urea, thio- is used only after flotation selectivity and wastewater effects have been evaluated.
Urea, thio- is used in metal-cleaning products.
Urea, thio- is used in specialty cleaners for tarnished silver and other compatible metals.
Urea, thio- is used to complex metal ions released during cleaning.
Urea, thio- is used after corrosion, staining, rinsing, and residue performance have been tested.
Urea, thio- is used in silver-polishing formulations.
Urea, thio- is used to assist removal of silver sulfide tarnish in acidic cleaning systems.
Urea, thio- is used in liquid, paste, and impregnated metal-care products.
Urea, thio- is used only in formulations carrying appropriate carcinogenicity and reproductive-toxicity controls.
Urea, thio- is used in industrial metal-surface cleaners.
Urea, thio- is used in cleaners for selected processing equipment and metallic components.
Urea, thio- is used to assist dissolution or complexation of certain metal-containing residues.
Urea, thio- is used after compatibility with the base metal and protective coating has been confirmed.
Urea, thio- is used as a corrosion inhibitor in selected acidic metal-treatment baths.
Urea, thio- is used to modify acid attack during pickling and descaling.
Urea, thio- is used to adsorb or react at suitable metal surfaces.
Urea, thio- is used after corrosion-rate and hydrogen-embrittlement testing.
Urea, thio- is used in metal-etching formulations.
Urea, thio- is used as an additive in selected acidic etchants.
Urea, thio- is used to control metal-ion chemistry during surface treatment.
Urea, thio- is used after etch rate, undercutting, residue, and bath life have been evaluated.
Urea, thio- is used as a heavy-metal complexing reagent.
Urea, thio- is used to bind selected soft-metal ions through its sulfur atom.
Urea, thio- is used in chemical-treatment research involving mercury, silver, copper, gold, and related metals.
Urea, thio- is used after the stability and environmental behavior of the resulting complexes have been evaluated.
Urea, thio- is used in mercury-removal processes.
Urea, thio- is used in selected wastewater-treatment systems associated with chlor-alkali operations.
Urea, thio- is used to promote complexation or subsequent recovery of mercury-containing species.
Urea, thio- is used only in closed, monitored treatment systems with controlled waste disposal.
Urea, thio- is used as an analytical reagent.
Urea, thio- is used in qualitative and quantitative inorganic analysis.
Urea, thio- is used to form characteristic complexes with selected metal ions.
Urea, thio- is used at reagent or analytical grade when trace analysis is required.
Urea, thio- is used in spectrophotometric analytical methods.
Urea, thio- is used to develop measurable metal–ligand complexes.
Urea, thio- is used in determinations involving bismuth, selenium, silver, and other compatible analytes.
Urea, thio- is used after selectivity, pH, interference, and calibration have been validated.
Urea, thio- is used as a chromatographic reagent.
Urea, thio- is used in laboratory mobile phases and derivatization research where method appropriate.
Urea, thio- is used as a retention or dead-time marker in selected chromatographic studies.
Urea, thio- is used at a purity that does not introduce unacceptable analytical background.
Urea, thio- is used in organic synthesis.
Urea, thio- is used as a precursor to substituted thioureas.
Urea, thio- is used to prepare sulfur- and nitrogen-containing heterocycles.
Urea, thio- is used in condensation, alkylation, acylation, and cyclization reactions.
Urea, thio- is used to synthesize thiazole derivatives.
Urea, thio- is used to synthesize thiazine and pyrimidine derivatives.
Urea, thio- is used to manufacture selected heterocyclic pharmaceutical intermediates.
Urea, thio- is used under reaction conditions selected for the intended substitution pattern.
Urea, thio- is used to convert suitable alkyl halides into thiol intermediates.
Urea, thio- is used through formation of isothiouronium salts.
Urea, thio- is used as a sulfur-transfer reagent in selected synthetic routes.
Urea, thio- is used after reaction selectivity and purification procedures have been demonstrated.
Urea, thio- is used to prepare isothiouronium compounds.
Urea, thio- is used in the synthesis of organosulfur compounds.
Urea, thio- is used to introduce sulfur functionality without direct handling of certain volatile sulfur reagents.
Urea, thio- is used after the hazards of the complete reaction system have been reviewed.
Urea, thio- is used in the synthesis of thiourea derivatives.
Urea, thio- is used to prepare substituted compounds for pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dyes, catalysts, and materials research.
Urea, thio- is used as the parent scaffold for structure–activity studies.
Urea, thio- is used at laboratory or manufacturing scale under closed-process conditions.
Urea, thio- is used as a catalyst in the isomerization of maleic acid to fumaric acid.
Urea, thio- is used in selected fumaric-acid manufacturing and process-development systems.
Urea, thio- is used to accelerate conversion under controlled acidic conditions.
Urea, thio- is used after catalyst recovery and product-purity requirements have been established.
Urea, thio- is used as an intermediate in pharmaceutical chemical synthesis.
Urea, thio- is used in synthetic routes to selected sulfonamides and heterocyclic medicinal intermediates.
Urea, thio- is used in the manufacture of certain cephalosporin, thiazole, and related intermediates.
Urea, thio- is not treated as a pharmaceutical active merely because it is used during synthesis.
Urea, thio- is used in pharmaceutical-process research.
Urea, thio- is used to form thiourea-derived intermediates and protecting groups.
Urea, thio- is used in route-development and impurity-control studies.
Urea, thio- is used after residual-thiourea specifications have been established for the final product.
Urea, thio- is used as an intermediate in agrochemical synthesis.
Urea, thio- is used to prepare selected sulfur- and nitrogen-containing pesticide intermediates.
Urea, thio- is used in controlled industrial synthesis rather than direct agricultural application.
Urea, thio- is used only where the resulting product and manufacturing route meet regulatory requirements.
Urea, thio- is used in dye and pigment intermediate manufacture.
Urea, thio- is used to prepare sulfur-containing colorant intermediates.
Urea, thio- is used in reactions producing selected heterocyclic dye structures.
Urea, thio- is used after color, impurity, wastewater, and worker-exposure controls have been established.
Urea, thio- is used in synthetic-resin manufacture.
Urea, thio- is used to modify amino-resin chemistry.
Urea, thio- is used as an intermediate or reactive additive in selected thermosetting systems.
Urea, thio- is used after cure response, emissions, and residual-monomer levels have been evaluated.
Urea, thio- is used in molding-powder manufacture.
Urea, thio- is used in selected compression-molding resin systems.
Urea, thio- is used to influence curing or sulfur functionality.
Urea, thio- is used after mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties have been tested.
Urea, thio- is used in flame-retardant resin development.
Urea, thio- is used as a nitrogen- and sulfur-containing intermediate for specialty flame-retardant chemicals.
Urea, thio- is used in selected textile and polymer fire-retardant systems.
Urea, thio- is used only after fire performance, smoke, toxicity, and durability have been assessed.
Urea, thio- is used in nylon and textile flame-retardant research.
Urea, thio- is used as a component or precursor in specialized treatment formulations.
Urea, thio- is used to introduce nitrogen and sulfur into reactive flame-retardant systems.
Urea, thio- is used after wash durability and material-property effects have been measured.
Urea, thio- is used in rubber-chemical manufacture.
Urea, thio- is used as an intermediate for substituted thiourea vulcanization accelerators.
Urea, thio- is used in the manufacture of chemicals for polychloroprene and specialty elastomers.
Urea, thio- is used after nitrosamine, cure, bloom, and worker-exposure considerations have been addressed.
Urea, thio- is used in selected rubber-processing formulations.
Urea, thio- is used to influence vulcanization behavior in specialized systems.
Urea, thio- is used in rubber and plastics antioxidant research.
Urea, thio- is used only after confirming that the exact thiourea compound is suitable for the elastomer.
Urea, thio- is used in polymer-solution stabilization.
Urea, thio- is used as a viscosity-stabilizing additive in selected polymer solutions.
Urea, thio- is used in drilling-mud and petroleum-process research.
Urea, thio- is used after thermal, microbial, and chemical compatibility have been established.
Urea, thio- is used in petroleum-extraction research.
Urea, thio- is used as a mobility-modifying or buffering additive in selected experimental systems.
Urea, thio- is used in formulations exposed to saline water and reservoir minerals.
Urea, thio- is used only after environmental-release and produced-water controls have been established.
Urea, thio- is used in slurry-explosive additive research.
Urea, thio- is used in specialized industrial explosive formulations where legally authorized.
Urea, thio- is used to modify selected chemical or physical properties of the slurry system.
Urea, thio- is used only by licensed manufacturers under explosives regulations.
DESCRIPTION
Urea, thio- is the indexed chemical name for thiourea.
Urea, thio- is the sulfur analogue of urea.
Urea, thio- contains a central thiocarbonyl carbon bonded to two amino groups.
Urea, thio- has the condensed structural formula H2N–C(=S)–NH2.
Urea, thio- has the molecular formula CH4N2S.
Urea, thio- has a molecular weight of approximately 76.12 g/mol.
Urea, thio- has CAS number 62-56-6.
Urea, thio- has EC number 200-543-5.
Urea, thio- has PubChem CID 2723790.
Urea, thio- has the InChIKey UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N.
Urea, thio- is identified in European classification records by index number 612-082-00-0.
Urea, thio- is a mono-constituent organic substance under the cited ECHA profile.
Urea, thio- is generally supplied as white or off-white crystals or crystalline powder.
Urea, thio- may occur as lustrous needles, flakes, or free-flowing powder depending on the grade.
Urea, thio- is generally odorless in high-purity form.
Urea, thio- may have a bitter taste but must not be tasted during identification.
Urea, thio- is a polar crystalline solid.
Urea, thio- is soluble in water.
Urea, thio- is soluble in hot water more readily than in cold water.
Urea, thio- is also soluble in ethanol to a grade- and temperature-dependent extent.
Urea, thio- has a representative density of approximately 1.40 g/cm³.
Urea, thio- has a representative melting or decomposition region near 170–176°C.
Urea, thio- has negligible volatility under ordinary room-temperature conditions.
Urea, thio- airborne workplace exposure therefore occurs mainly through dust.
Urea, thio- does not have a practical normal boiling point because thermal decomposition or rearrangement occurs before ordinary distillation.
Urea, thio- may sublime under reduced-pressure conditions at elevated temperature.
Urea, thio- can form combustible dust concentrations when sufficiently fine material is dispersed in air.
Urea, thio- should therefore be handled with dust-control and ignition-control measures.
Urea, thio- can exist in resonance and tautomeric forms.
Urea, thio- has significant thiocarbonyl and imino-thiol character.
Urea, thio- sulfur atom provides strong coordination toward many soft-metal ions.
Urea, thio- amino groups also participate in hydrogen bonding and chemical substitution.
Urea, thio- forms coordination complexes with copper, silver, gold, mercury, palladium, platinum, and other metals.
Urea, thio- complex stability depends on oxidation state, acidity, counterions, temperature, and competing ligands.
Urea, thio- metal-complexing behavior supports its use in plating, leaching, analysis, and metal cleaning.
Urea, thio- metal complexes must be evaluated individually for toxicity and environmental persistence.
Urea, thio- reacts with alkylating agents to form isothiouronium salts.
Urea, thio- isothiouronium intermediates can be hydrolyzed to form thiols.
Urea, thio- reacts with acylating agents to form substituted thiourea derivatives.
Urea, thio- condenses with suitable carbonyl compounds to form heterocyclic products.
Urea, thio- reacts with oxidizing agents.
Urea, thio- controlled oxidation can produce thiourea dioxide and other sulfur-containing products.
Urea, thio- uncontrolled oxidation may generate heat and complex decomposition mixtures.
Urea, thio- must be kept away from incompatible strong oxidizers unless reaction is intentional and engineered.
Urea, thio- can act as a reducing-system component.
Urea, thio- can consume iodine and selected other oxidizing species.
Urea, thio- can undergo oxidation to formamidine disulfide and related products.
Urea, thio- reducing performance depends strongly on pH and oxidant type.
Urea, thio- commercial production commonly uses calcium cyanamide and sulfide-containing reactants.
Urea, thio- production routes may involve hydrogen sulfide, ammonium sulfide, or related sulfur sources.
Urea, thio- is isolated and purified through concentration and crystallization.
Urea, thio- manufacturing conditions and impurity profiles remain producer specific.
Urea, thio- technical grades may contain moisture, ash, thiocyanate, sulfate, iron, and water-insoluble impurities.
Urea, thio- reagent grades normally impose tighter limits on metals and insoluble matter.
Urea, thio- electronic or analytical applications may require specially controlled trace impurities.
Urea, thio- batch acceptance should be based on the agreed specification and certificate of analysis.
Urea, thio- is not the same substance as thiourea dioxide.
Urea, thio- is not the same substance as ethylene thiourea.
Urea, thio- is not the same substance as acetylthiourea or substituted rubber accelerators.
Urea, thio- derivative hazards and applications must not be assigned automatically to the parent compound.
Urea, thio- has a harmonized European oral acute-toxicity classification of Category 4.
Urea, thio- is classified as harmful if swallowed under hazard statement H302.
Urea, thio- has a harmonized European carcinogenicity classification of Category 2.
Urea, thio- is classified as suspected of causing cancer under hazard statement H351.
Urea, thio- has a harmonized European reproductive-toxicity classification of Category 2.
Urea, thio- is classified as suspected of damaging the unborn child under hazard statement H361d.
Urea, thio- should be handled under controls appropriate to a suspected carcinogen and reproductive toxicant.
Urea, thio- exposure should be minimized even when a workplace limit is not specified.
Urea, thio- has a harmonized European aquatic chronic classification of Category 2.
Urea, thio- is classified as toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects under hazard statement H411.
Urea, thio- must not be discharged directly into drains, soil, or surface water.
Urea, thio- spills and wastes require controlled recovery and disposal.
Urea, thio- ingestion may cause harmful systemic exposure.
Urea, thio- dust may irritate the eyes, skin, nose, or respiratory tract.
Urea, thio- repeated or substantial exposure may affect the thyroid and other organs.
Urea, thio- health evaluation should follow the current regional safety data sheet.
Urea, thio- is prohibited in European cosmetic products under the regulatory context reported by ECHA.
Urea, thio- should not be used as an unreviewed cosmetic, food, or consumer-health ingredient.
Urea, thio- pharmaceutical-intermediate use does not make industrial thiourea pharmaceutical grade.
Urea, thio- consumer-product use is restricted by its hazard classification and applicable legislation.
Urea, thio- has low expected volatility from water and soil.
Urea, thio- may remain mobile in aqueous environmental compartments because of its water solubility.
Urea, thio- can affect aquatic organisms at comparatively low long-term concentrations.
Urea, thio- environmental release should therefore be minimized throughout its life cycle.
Urea, thio- should be stored under cool and dry conditions.
Urea, thio- should be protected from moisture, contamination, heat, and strong oxidizing agents.
Urea, thio- should remain in tightly closed, compatible, clearly labeled containers.
Urea, thio- shelf life depends on grade, packaging, humidity, temperature, and manufacturer.
PROPERTIES
Chemical Name: Thiourea
Index Name: Urea, thio-
Alternative Chemical Name: Thiocarbamide
IUPAC Name: Thiourea
Chemical Family: Thioureas and thiocarbonyl compounds
CAS Number: 62-56-6
EC Number: 200-543-5
European Index Number: 612-082-00-0
PubChem CID: 2723790
InChIKey: UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
RCRA Waste Code: U219 in applicable United States contexts
Molecular Formula: CH4N2S
Condensed Formula: H2NCSNH2
Molecular Weight: 76.12 g/mol
Sulfur Content: Approximately 42.1% by molecular weight
Nitrogen Content: Approximately 36.8% by molecular weight
Carbon Content: Approximately 15.8% by molecular weight
Hydrogen Content: Approximately 5.3% by molecular weight
Physical State: Solid
Typical Appearance: White or off-white crystals, needles, flakes, or crystalline powder
Odor: Generally odorless
Representative Density: Approximately 1.40–1.41 g/cm³
Representative Melting or Decomposition Range: Approximately 170–176°C
Boiling Point: Not practically applicable because of decomposition
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at ordinary room temperature
Volatility: Very low
Water Solubility: Soluble; strongly temperature dependent
Ethanol Solubility: Soluble to a temperature-dependent extent
Nonpolar-Solvent Solubility: Generally low
Representative pH: Approximately 6.0–8.0 for a 5% aqueous reagent-grade solution
Representative Assay: Common commercial grades range from approximately 98% to at least 99%
Representative Loss on Drying: Commonly controlled at approximately 0.5% or lower for high-purity grades
Combustibility: Combustible organic solid or combustible-dust hazard, depending on particle characteristics
Representative Dust Ignition Temperature: Approximately 440°C, method dependent
Primary Chemical Function: Thiocarbonyl and sulfur-containing intermediate
Primary Complexing Function: Coordination of selected soft-metal ions
Primary Industrial Uses: Thiourea dioxide production, metal processing, ore leaching, electroplating, textile chemicals, diazo-paper chemistry, and organic synthesis
Primary Laboratory Uses: Complexing reagent, analytical reagent, sulfur-transfer reagent, crystal-growth ligand, and synthetic intermediate
Primary Derivative Uses: Substituted thioureas, heterocycles, organosulfur chemicals, pharmaceuticals, dyes, agrochemicals, and rubber chemicals
EU Harmonized Acute Toxicity: Acute Toxicity Category 4, oral
EU Harmonized Carcinogenicity: Carcinogenicity Category 2
EU Harmonized Reproductive Toxicity: Reproductive Toxicity Category 2
EU Harmonized Aquatic Hazard: Aquatic Chronic Category 2
Hazard Statements: H302, H351, H361d, and H411
Signal Word: Warning
Food Suitability: Not established for ordinary food use
Cosmetic Suitability: Prohibited in European cosmetic products
Pharmaceutical Suitability: Limited to qualified intermediate, analytical, or controlled manufacturing uses
Transport Classification: Grade, package, concentration, and jurisdiction dependent; consult the current SDS
Storage Conditions: Cool, dry, ventilated storage in tightly closed compatible packaging
Storage Protection: Protect from moisture, contamination, strong oxidizers, and excessive heat
Shelf Life: Grade, purity, packaging, humidity, and manufacturer dependent
Regulatory Suitability: Application, concentration, exposure scenario, waste route, and jurisdiction dependent
FIRST AID
Inhalation:
Move the affected person to fresh air after dust exposure.
Obtain medical attention if coughing, respiratory irritation, dizziness, or breathing difficulty persists.
Skin Contact:
Remove contaminated clothing and wash the affected skin thoroughly with soap and water.
Obtain medical advice if redness, irritation, or an allergic-type reaction develops.
Eye Contact:
Rinse cautiously with clean water for at least 15 minutes.
Remove contact lenses if easy to do and obtain medical evaluation if discomfort continues.
Ingestion:
Rinse the mouth and do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel.
Contact a poison center or physician promptly because Urea, thio- is harmful if swallowed.
Note to Physicians:
Treat symptomatically and provide supportive care.
Consider the quantity ingested, exposure duration, and possible thyroid or systemic effects after significant exposure.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
Handling:
Obtain appropriate safety instructions before use and restrict handling to trained personnel.
Avoid ingestion, dust inhalation, skin contact, eye contact, and unnecessary exposure.
Engineering Controls:
Use enclosed transfer or contained weighing wherever practical.
Provide local exhaust ventilation at charging, blending, sampling, milling, and packaging points.
Personal Protection:
Wear suitable chemical-resistant gloves, protective clothing, and chemical safety goggles.
Use additional face protection when dust dispersion or splashing of solutions is possible.
Respiratory Protection:
Use suitable particulate respiratory protection when dust cannot be controlled adequately.
Respirator selection must follow the applicable occupational respiratory-protection program.
Storage:
Store in tightly closed compatible containers in a cool, dry, secure, and well-ventilated area.
Keep away from strong oxidizing agents, moisture, excessive heat, food, feed, and incompatible chemicals.
Spill and Leak Procedures:
Restrict access, avoid raising dust, and collect the solid mechanically or with suitable HEPA-filtered equipment.
Prevent entry into drains, soil, groundwater, and surface water.
Environmental Precautions:
Contain contaminated water and cleaning materials.
Dispose of recovered product and contaminated materials through an authorized waste contractor.
Handling Precautions:
Do not use dry sweeping or compressed air where these methods could disperse dust.
Maintain accessible eyewash and emergency washing facilities.
Follow the current specification, certificate of analysis, regional safety data sheet, exposure-control procedures, and applicable environmental regulations.
