VITAMIN B7

CAS Number: 58-85-5
EC Number: 200-399-3
MDL number: MFCD00005541
 
Properties
Chemical formula: C10H16N2O3S
Molar mass: 244.31 g·mol−1
Appearance: White crystalline needles
Melting point: 232 to 233 °C 
Solubility in water: 22 mg/100 mL

APPLICATIONS

Vitamin B7 is essential for the body’s metabolism. 
Vitamin B7 acts as a coenzyme in a number of metabolic pathways involving fatty acids and essential amino acids, as well as in gluconeogenesis – the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrates. 
Although Vitamin B7 deficiency is rare, some groups of people may be more susceptible to it, such as patients suffering from Crohn’s disease. 
Vitamin B7 deficiency symptoms include hair loss, skin issues including rash, an appearance of cracking in the corners of the mouth, dryness of the eyes and appetite loss. Vitamin B7 promotes appropriate function of the nervous system and is essential for liver metabolism as well.

Vitamin B7 is commonly advised as a dietary supplement for strengthening hair and nails, as well as in skin care. 
It is suggested that Vitamin B7 aids cell growth and the maintenance of mucous membranes. 
Although Vitamin B7 may be present in certain cosmetics, it is important to remember that it cannot actually be absorbed through skin, hair or nails.

Vitamin B7 can aid in caring for thinning hair and brittle nails, especially in those suffering from Vitamin B7 deficiency. 
However, research so far has shown no conclusive results to back up the claim that Vitamin B7 is directly related to the improvement of skin and nail condition or in increased hair growth.

Some evidence has shown that those suffering from diabetes may be susceptible to Vitamin B7 deficiency. 
Since Vitamin B7 is an important factor in the synthesis of glucose, it may help maintain an appropriate blood sugar level in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes.

Vitamin B7 is used for preventing and treating biotin deficiency. 
Clinical research reports potential use of Vitamin B7 in multiple sclerosis. 
Oral formulations containing Vitamin B7 are used in hair loss and brittle nails.
A recent phase III clinical trial on Vitamin B7 stated evidence of the efficacy of high dose biotin in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.

Vitamin B7 treat arteriosclerosis, stroke, lipid metabolism disorders, hypertension, coronary heart disease and blood circulation obstacle disease.    
Vitamin B7 is Used in cosmetics, can improve blood circulation in the skin blood vessels in the rate of 0.1% ~ 1.0% of the concentration range,easy-to-formula mixed in the oil phase. 
In the skin care cream, sports liquid legs with analgesic cream, shaving liquid, shampoo can be used in.
Preliminary research suggests that supplemental Vitamin B7 is might help reduce blood sugar levels in people. 

Functions of Vitamin B7:
-To normal energy-yielding metabolism,
-Normal macronutrient metabolism,
-Maintaining normal hair
-Protection of normal mucosa,
-Contributes to the maintenance of normal skin.

Use in biotechnology

Chemically modified versions of Vitamin B7 are widely used throughout the biotechnology industry to isolate proteins and non-protein compounds for biochemical assays. Because egg-derived avidin binds strongly to biotin with a dissociation constant Kd ≈ 10−15 M, biotinylated compounds of interest can be isolated from a sample by exploiting this highly stable interaction. 
First, the chemically modified biotin reagents are bound to the targeted compounds in a solution via a process called biotinylation. 
The choice of which chemical modification to use is responsible for the biotin reagent binding to a specific protein.

Second, the sample is incubated with avidin bound to beads, then rinsed, removing all unbound proteins, while leaving only the biotinylated protein bound to avidin. Last, the biotinylated protein can be eluted from the beads with excess free biotin.
The process can also utilize bacteria-derived streptavidin bound to beads, but because it has a higher dissociation constant than avidin, very harsh conditions are needed to elute the biotinylated protein from the beads, which often will denature the protein of interest.

DESCRIPTION

Biotin, also called vitamin B7, is one of the B vitamins. 
Vitamin B7 is involved in a wide range of metabolic processes, both in humans and in other organisms, primarily related to the utilization of fats, carbohydrates, and amino acids.
The name biotin derives from the Greek word “bios” (to live) and the suffix “-in” (a general chemical suffix used in organic chemistry).

Vitamin B7 is classified as a heterocyclic compound, with a sulfur-containing ring fused ureido and tetrahydrothiophene group. 
A C5-carboxylic acid side chain is appended to one of the rings. 
The ureido ring, containing the −N−CO−N− group, serves as the carbon dioxide carrier in carboxylation reactions.
Vitamin B7 is a coenzyme for five carboxylase enzymes, which are involved in the digestion of carbohydrates, synthesis of fatty acids, and gluconeogenesis.
Biotinylation of histone proteins in nuclear chromatin plays a role in chromatin stability and gene expression.

Vitamin B7 is water soluble vitamin, which belongs to the B-complex group of vitamins. 
Vitamin B7 generally serves as a covalently-bound coenzyme for several carboxylases. 
Vitamin B7 is an essential micronutrient required for normal cell functions and can be obtained both dietary sources as well as gut microbiota.

Vitamin B7 is a vitamin belonging to the B vitamin family. 
It is also called biotin or vitamin H. 
Since Vitamin B7 is a water-soluble vitamin, Vitamin B7 cannot be stored in the body. 
Therefore, it is necessary to consume enough through food. 
It takes part in many metabolic processes such as carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism, as well as cell growth, DNA and protein synthesis. 
Vitamin B7 level is determined by blood test.

Vitamin B7, also known as Biotin is one of the water-soluble and highly essential B-complex vitamins. 
Termed as Vitamin H where the letter ‘H’ represents’ Haar und Haut’, which are German words for "hair and skin", it is pivotal for a wide range of metabolic processes in the body including enzyme synthesis for several crucial metabolic pathways’ metabolism of fats and carbohydrates, as well as synthesis of amino acids which are necessary for protein synthesis.

Primarily, Vitamin B7 is a type of co-enzyme that is required for the synthesis of fatty acids which are molecules found in fats and oils; glucogenesis, i.e. synthesis of glucose from amino acids and fatty acids; and synthesis of leucine, a quintessential amino acid that the human body cannot generate on its own.

Vitamin B7 is a vitamin B supplement. 
Vitamin B7 occurs naturally in food such as liver, legumes, tomatoes, soybeans, and carrots.
B vitamin is a member of the water-soluble vitamin family, and contributes to several naturally occurring reactions in the body between various enzymes or carboxylases.
While biotin deficiency is extremely rare, it may cause dermatitis, brittle fingernails, diabetes, hair loss (alopecia), and perosis. 
Vitamin B7 is necessary for healthy skin, nails, and hair.

VITAMIN B7 AND HEALTH

Vitamin B7 supplements are often glamorized as a treatment for hair loss and to promote healthy hair, skin, and nails. 
Although a deficiency of Vitamin B7 can certainly lead to hair loss and skin or nail problems, evidence showing a benefit of supplementation is inconclusive. 
A handful of case reports and small trials have shown a benefit, but the study designs had weaknesses:

The diagnoses of the type of hair conditions varied or were not cited at all. 
Researchers have also noted that certain hair loss conditions like alopecia can resolve spontaneously without treatment, so it is not clear that Vitamin B7 supplements specifically caused the regrowth. 

The studies did not measure the participants’ baseline blood levels of Vitamin B7 to see if they were normal or deficient. 
Some research suggests that Vitamin B7 supplements may be of most benefit in people who have a deficiency of the nutrient; however, again, there is a lack of studies that have measured Vitamin B7 levels before and during supplementation to confirm this conclusion. 

To date, there is a lack of published studies to suggest that Vitamin B7 supplements are beneficial for the growth of normal, healthy hair and nails. 

Despite the inconclusive evidence, Vitamin B7 supplements remain popular. 
Between 1999 and 2016, the proportion of supplement users increased by nearly thirtyfold.
In November 2017, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a warning based on reports of Vitamin B7 supplements interfering with laboratory blood tests, causing incorrect results. High doses have produced either falsely elevated or decreased blood levels, depending on the test. 

This has affected lab results of certain hormones, such as thyroid-stimulating hormone and vitamin D, as well as a biomarker for heart attacks called troponin. 
Case reports of this occurrence showed people taking Vitamin B7 amounts much higher than the AI level (30 micrograms daily or 0.03 mg) but in doses commonly found in supplements (10-300 mg). 
Vitamin B7 is often added to multivitamins and hair/nail/skin supplements. 
The FDA recommends that people inform their doctors at each visit of all supplements and doses they are taking.

HEALTH BENEFITS

The body needs Vitamin B7 to metabolize fats, carbohydrates, and protein.

Vitamin B7 is a coenzyme for carboxylase enzymes. These enzymes are involved in:

•synthesizing, or creating, fatty acids
•synthesizing the amino acids isoleucine and valine
•gluconeogenesis, or generating glucose
Vitamin B7 is important for a number of functions.

A sufficient intake of vitamin B7 (biotin) is important as it helps the body to: 
• convert food into glucose, which is used to produce energy
• produce fatty acids and amino acids (the building blocks of protein)
• activate protein/amino acid metabolism in the hair roots and fingernail cells.
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), which provides scientific advice to assist policy makers, has confirmed that clear health benefits have been established for the dietary intake of biotin (vitamin B7) in contributing to:
• normal macronutrient metabolism;
• normal energy yielding metabolism;
• the maintenance of normal skin and mucous membranes;
• the normal function of the nervous system;
• the maintenance of normal hair. 

DIETARY RECOMMENDATIONS 

The US National Academy of Medicine updated Dietary Reference Intakes for many vitamins in 1998. 
At that time there was insufficient information to establish estimated average requirement or recommended dietary allowance, terms that exist for most vitamins. 
In instances such as this, the Academy sets adequate intakes (AIs) with the understanding that at some later date, when the physiological effects of Vitamin B7 are better understood, AIs will be replaced by more exact information. 

The Vitamin B7 AIs for both males and females are: 5 μg/day of Vitamin B7 for 0-to-6-month-olds, 6 μg/day of Vitamin B7 for 7-to-12-month-olds, 8 μg/day of Vitamin B7 for 1-to-3-year-olds, 12 μg/day of Vitamin B7 for 4-to-8-year-olds, 20 μg/day of Vitamin B7 for 9-to-13-year-olds, 25 μg/day of Vitamin B7 for 14-to-18-year-olds, and 30 μg/day of Vitamin B7 for those 19 years old and older. 
The Vitamin B7 AIs for females who are either pregnant or lactating, respectively, are: 30 μg/day of Vitamin B7 for pregnant females 14-to-50-years old and 35 μg/day of Vitamin B7 for lactating females 14-to-50-years old. 
Australia and New Zealand set AIs similar to the US.

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) also identifies AIs, setting values at 40 μg/day for adults, pregnancy at 40 μg/day, and breastfeeding at 45 μg/day. 
For children ages 1–17 years, the AIs increase with age from 20 to 35 μg/day.

SAFETY

The US National Academy of Medicine estimates upper limits (ULs) for vitamins and minerals when evidence for a true limit is sufficient. 
For Vitamin B7, however, there is no UL because adverse effects of high Vitamin B7 intake have not been determined. 
The EFSA also reviewed safety and reached the same conclusion as in the United States.

LABELLING REGULATIONS

For US food and dietary supplement labeling purposes the amount in a serving is expressed as a percent of daily value. 
For Vitamin B7 labeling purposes 100% of the daily value was 300 μg/day, but as of May 27, 2016 it was revised to 30 μg/day to bring it into an agreement with the adequate intake.
Compliance with the updated labeling regulations was required by 1 January 2020 for manufacturers with US$10 million or more in annual food sales, and by 1 January 2021 for manufacturers with lower volume food sales. 
A table of the old and new adult daily values is provided at Reference Daily Intake.

PHYSIOLOGY 

Vitamin B7 is a water-soluble B vitamin. 
Consumption of large amounts as a dietary supplement results in absorption, followed by excretion into urine as Vitamin B7. 
Consumption of Vitamin B7 as part of a normal diet results in urinary excretion of Vitamin B7 and Vitamin B7 metabolites.

-Absorption

Vitamin B7 in food is bound to proteins. 
Digestive enzymes reduce the proteins to biotin-bound peptides. 
The intestinal enzyme biotinidase, found in pancreatic secretions and in the brush border membranes of all three parts of the small intestine, frees Vitamin B7, which is then absorbed from the small intestine.
When consumed as a Vitamin B7 dietary supplement, absorption is nonsaturable, meaning that even very high amounts are absorbed effectively. 
Transport across the jejunum is faster than across the ileum.

The large intestine microbiota synthesize amounts of Vitamin B7 estimated to be similar to the amount taken in the diet, and a significant portion of this Vitamin B7 exists in the free (protein-unbound) form and, thus, is available for absorption. 
How much is absorbed in humans is unknown, although a review did report that human epithelial cells of the colon in vitro demonstrated an ability to uptake Vitamin B7.

Once absorbed, sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter (SMVT) mediates Vitamin B7 uptake into the liver. 
SMVT also binds pantothenic acid, so high intakes of either of these vitamins can interfere with transport of the other.

-Metabolism and excretion

Vitamin B7 catabolism occurs via two pathways. 
In one, the valeric acid sidechain is cleaved, resulting in bisnorbiotin. 
In the other pathway, the sulfur is oxidized, resulting in biotin sulfoxide. 
Urine content is proportionally about half Vitamin B7, plus bisnorbiotin, biotin sulfoxide, and small amounts of other metabolites.

-Factors that affect vitamin B7 requirements

Chronic alcohol use is associated with a significant reduction in plasma Vitamin B7. 
Intestinal Vitamin B7 uptake also appears to be sensitive to the effect of the anti-epilepsy drugs carbamazepine and primidone.
Relatively low levels of Vitamin B7 have also been reported in the urine or plasma of patients who have had a partial gastrectomy or have other causes of achlorhydria, burn patients, elderly individuals, and athletes. 

Pregnancy and lactation may be associated with an increased demand for Vitamin B7. 
In pregnancy, this may be due to a possible acceleration of Vitamin B7 catabolism, whereas, in lactation, the higher demand has yet to be elucidated. 
Recent studies have shown marginal Vitamin B7 deficiency can be present in human gestation, as evidenced by increased urinary excretion of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid, decreased urinary excretion of Vitamin B7 and bisnorbiotin, and decreased plasma concentration of Vitamin B7.

BIOSYNTHESIS

Vitamin B7, synthesized in plants, is essential to plant growth and development.
Bacteria also synthesize Vitamin B7, and it is thought that bacteria resident in the large intestine may synthesize Vitamin B7 that is absorbed and utilized by the host organism.

Synthesis starts from two precursors, alanine and pimeloyl-CoA. 
These form 7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid (KAPA). 
KAPA is transported from plant peroxisomes to mitochondria where it is converted to 7,8-diaminopelargonic acid (DAPA). 
The enzyme dethiobiotin synthetase catalyzes the formation of the ureido ring via a DAPA carbamate activated with ATP, creating dethiobiotin, which is then converted into Vitamin B7. 
The last step is catalyzed by Vitamin B7 synthase, a radical SAM enzyme. 
The sulfur is donated by an unusual [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin.

Deficiency

Primary Vitamin B7 deficiency, meaning deficiency as a consequence of too little Vitamin B7 in the diet, is rare, because Vitamin B7 is contained in so many foods. Subclinical deficiency can cause mild symptoms, such as hair thinning, brittle fingernails, or skin rash, typically on the face.

Aside from inadequate dietary intake (rare), deficiency of Vitamin B7 can be caused by a genetic disorder that affects Vitamin B7 metabolism. 
The most common among these is biotinidase deficiency. 
Low activity of this enzyme causes a failure to recycle Vitamin B7 from biocytin. 
Rarer are carboxylase and Vitamin B7 transporter deficiences. 
Neonatal screening for biotinidase deficiency started in the United States in 1984, with many countries now also testing for this genetic disorder at birth. 
Treatment is lifelong dietary supplement with Vitamin B7.

Diagnosis

Low serum and urine Vitamin B7 are not sensitive indicators of inadequate Vitamin B7 intake.
However, serum testing can be useful for confirmation of consumption of biotin-containing dietary supplements, and whether a period of refraining from supplement use is long enough to eliminate the potential for interfering with drug tests. 
Indirect measures depend on the Vitamin B7 requirement for carboxylases. 
3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA is an intermediate step in the catabolism of the amino acid leucine. 
In the absence of Vitamin B7, the pathway diverts to 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid. 
Urinary excretion of this compound is an early and sensitive indicator of Vitamin B7 deficiency.

Deficiency as a result of metabolic disorders

Biotinidase deficiency is a deficiency of the enzyme that recycles Vitamin B7, the consequence of an inherited genetic mutation.
Biotinidase catalyzes the cleavage of Vitamin B7 from biocytin and biotinyl-peptides (the proteolytic degradation products of each holocarboxylase) and thereby recycles Vitamin B7.
It is also important in freeing Vitamin B7 from dietary protein-bound Vitamin B7.
Neonatal screening for biotinidase deficiency started in the United States in 1984, which as of 2017 was reported as required in more than 30 countries.

Profound biotinidase deficiency, defined as less than 10% of normal serum enzyme activity, which has been reported as 7.1 nmol/min/mL, has an incidence of 1 in 40,000 to 1 in 60,000, but with rates as high as 1 in 10,000 in countries with high incidence of consanguineous marriages (second cousin or closer). 
Partial biotinidase deficiency is defined as 10% to 30% of normal serum activity.
Incidence data stems from government mandated newborn screening.

For profound deficiency, treatment is oral dosing with 5 to 20 mg per day. 
Seizures are reported as resolving in hours to days, with other symptoms resolving within weeks.
Treatment of partial biotinidase deficiency is also recommended even though some untreated people never manifest symptoms.
Lifelong treatment with supplmental Vitamin B7 is recommended for both profound and partial biotinidase deficiency.

Inherited metabolic disorders characterized by deficient activities of biotin-dependent carboxylases are termed multiple carboxylase deficiency. 
These include deficiencies in the enzymes holocarboxylase synthetase.
Holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency prevents the body's cells from using Vitamin B7 effectively and thus interferes with multiple carboxylase reactions.
There can also be a genetic defect affecting the sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter protein.

Biochemical and clinical manifestations of any of these metabolic disorders can include ketolactic acidosis, organic aciduria, hyperammonemia, rash, hypotonia, seizures, developmental delay, alopecia and coma.

Interference with medical laboratory results

When people are ingesting high levels of Vitamin B7 in dietary supplements, a consequence can be clinically significant interference with diagnostic blood tests that use biotin-streptavidin technology. 
This methodology is commonly used to measure levels of hormones such as thyroid hormones, and other analytes such as 25-hydroxyvitamin D. 
Vitamin B7 interference can produce both falsely normal and falsely abnormal results. 
In the US, Vitamin B7 as a non-prescription dietary supplement is sold in amounts of 1 to 10 mg per serving, with claims for supporting hair and nail health, and as 300 mg per day as a possibly effective treatment for multiple sclerosis. 

Overconsumption of 5 mg/day or higher causes elevated concentration in plasma that interferes with Vitamin B7-streptavidin immunoassays in an unpredictable manner.
Healthcare professionals are advised to instruct patients to stop taking Vitamin B7 supplements for 48 h or even up to weeks before the test, depending on the specific test, dose, and frequency of Vitamin B7 uptake.
Guidance for laboratory staff is proposed to detect and manage Vitamin B7 interference.

HISTORY

In 1916, W.G. Bateman observed that a diet high in raw egg whites caused toxic symptoms in dogs, cats, rabbits, and humans. 
By 1927, scientists such as Margarete Boas and Helen Parsons had performed experiments demonstrating the symptoms associated with "egg-white injury." 
They had found that rats fed large amounts of egg-white as their only protein source exhibited neurological dysfunction, hair loss, dermatitis, and eventually, death.

In 1936, Fritz Kögl and Benno Tönnis documented isolating a yeast growth factor in a journal article titled "Darstellung von krystallisiertem biotin aus eigelb." (Representation of crystallized Vitamin B7 from egg yolk). 
The name "biotin" derives from the Greek word “bios” (to live) and the suffix “-in” (a general chemical suffix used in organic chemistry).
Other research groups, working independently, had isolated the same compound under different names. 
Hungarian scientist Paul Gyorgy began investigating the factor responsible for egg-white injury in 1933 and in 1939, was successful identifying what he called "Vitamin H" (the H represents Haar und Haut, German for hair and skin).

Further chemical characterization of vitamin H revealed that it was water-soluble and present in high amounts in the liver. 
After experiments performed with yeast and Rhizobium trifolii, West and Wilson isolated a compound they called co-enzyme R. 
By 1940, it was recognized that all three compounds were identical and were collectively given the name: biotin. 

Gyorgy continued his work on biotin and in 1941 published a paper demonstrating that egg-white injury was caused by the binding of biotin by avidin. 
Unlike for many vitamins, there is insufficient information to establish a recommended dietary allowance, so dietary guidelines identify an "adequate intake" based on best available science with the understanding that at some later date this will be replaced by more exact information.

Using E. coli, a biosynthesis pathway was proposed by Rolfe and Eisenberg in 1968. 
The initial step was described as a condensation of pimelyl-CoA and alanine to form 7-oxo-8-aminopelargonic acid. 
From there, they described three-step process, the last being introducing a sulfur atom to form the tetrahydrothiophene ring.

RESEARCH

-Multiple sclerosis

High-dose Vitamin B7 (300 mg/day = 10,000 times adequate intake) has been used in clinical trials for treatment of multiple sclerosis, a demyelinating autoimmune disease.
The hypothesis is that biotin may promote remyelination of the myelin sheath of nerve cells, slowing or even reversing neurodegeneration. 
The proposed mechanisms are that biotin activates acetyl-coA carboxylase, which is a key rate-limiting enzyme during the synthesis of myelin, and by reducing axonal hypoxia through enhanced energy production.
Clinical trial results are mixed; a 2019 review concluded that a further investigation of the association between multiple sclerosis symptoms and Vitamin B7 should be undertaken, whereas two 2020 reviews of a larger number of clinical trials reported no consistent evidence for benefits, and some evidence for increased disease activity and higher risk of relapse.

-Hair, nails, skin

In the United States, Vitamin B7 is promoted as a dietary supplement for strengthening hair and fingernails, though scientific data supporting these outcomes in humans are very weak. 
A review of the fingernails literature reported brittle nail improvement as evidence from two pre-1990 clinical trials that had administered an oral dietary supplement of 2.5 mg/day for several months, without a placebo control comparison group. 
There is no more recent clinical trial literature.[51] A review of Vitamin B7 as treatment for hair loss identified case studies of infants and young children with genetic defect Vitamin B7 deficiency having improved hair growth after supplementation, but went on to report that "there have been no randomized, controlled trials to prove efficacy of supplementation with Vitamin B7 in normal, healthy individuals." 
Vitamin B7 is also incorporated into topical hair and skin products with similar claims.

The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 states that the US Food and Drug Administration must allow on the product label what are described as "Structure:Function" (S:F) health claims that ingredient(s) are essential for health. 
For example: Vitamin B7 helps maintain healthy skin, hair and nails. If a S:F claim is made, the label must include the disclaimer "This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease."

-Animals

In cattle, Vitamin B7 is necessary for hoof health. 
Lameness due to hoof problems is common, with herd prevalence estimated at 10 to 35%. 
Consequences of lameness include less food consumption, lower milk production, and increased veterinary treatment costs. 
Dietary supplementation Vitamin B7 at 20 mg/day reduces the risk of lameness.
A review of controlled trials reported that supplementation at 20 mg/day increased milk yield by 4.8%. 
The discussion speculated that this could be an indirect consequence of improved hoof health or a direct effect on milk production.

For horses, conditions such as chronic laminitis, cracked hooves, or dry, brittle feet incapable of holding shoes are a common problem. 
Biotin, Vitamin B7 is a popular nutritional supplement. 
There are recommendations that horses need 15 to 25 mg/day. 
Studies report Vitamin B7 improves the growth of new hoof horn rather than improving the status of existing hoof, so months of supplementation are needed for the hoof wall to be completely replaced.

SOURCES OF VITAMIN B7

Vitamin B7 is found in a number of foods, though in small amounts. 
This includes walnuts, peanuts, cereals, milk, and egg yolks. 
Other foods that contain this vitamin are whole meal bread, salmon, pork, sardines, mushroom and cauliflower. 
Fruits that contain Vitamin B7 include avocados, bananas and raspberries. 
In general, a healthy varied diet provides the body with sufficient amounts of Vitamin B7.

SYNONYMS

5-[(3aS,4S,6aR)-2-Oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]pentanoic acid
Vitamin B7 
Vitamin H 
Coenzyme R 
Biopeiderm
Biotin
Bios II 
Vitamin H  
D-Biotin 
Coenzyme R