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ZINC PYRITHIONE ZPTO

Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO is a coordination complex of zinc. 
Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO has fungistatic (inhibiting the division of fungal cells) and bacteriostatic (inhibiting bacterial cell division) properties and is used in the treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis and dandruff.
Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO was first described in the 1930s.

CAS:    13463-41-7
MF:    C10H8N2O2S2Zn
MW:    317.7
EINECS:    236-671-3

Synonyms
1-HYDROXY-2-PYRIDINE THIONE, ZN SALT;1-HYDROXYPYRIDINE-2-THIONE ZINC;Pyrithione zincique;Bis[(1-oxylatopyridinium)-2-ylthio] zinc;Bis[(1-oxylatopyridinium-2-yl)thio]zinc;Bis[[(pyridine 1-oxide)-2-yl]thio] zinc salt;Bis(2-pyridylthio) Zinc 1,1'-Dioxide 1-Hydroxypyridine-2-thione Zinc Salt 2-Pyridinethiol 1-Oxide Zinc Salt Zinc Pyrithione;zincpolyanemine

Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO is the pyrithione complexes of zinc bromide, in the early 1930s, was already synthesized and used as a topical antifungal or antibacterial agent. 
At room temperature Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO is white to yellow crystalline powder. 
Slight characteristic odor. 
Insoluble in water. 
Solubility: water 15mg/kg; pH = 8 Water 35mg/kg; Ethanol 100mg/kg; polyethylene glycol (PEG400) 2000mg/kg. 
A pH optimum range of 4.5 to 9.5; mass fraction of 10% suspension pH3.6. 
Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO react with cationic and non-ionic surfactants forming insoluble precipitate, unstable in the light and oxidizer, when at higher temperatures ,it is not stable to acids and bases. 
Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO is not compatible with EDTA, non-ionic surfactants make it partially deactivated. 
When with the presence of heavy metals, chelation or anti-sequestration will occur, and these chelates are insoluble in water.
EEC and GB7916-87 provide that maximum allowable concentration of mass fraction of zinc pyrithione on cosmetics is 0.5%, only for cleaning after using products.
General concentration 250~1000mg/kg (active), Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO can be used in gels, creams, lotions, talcum powder and anti-dandruff shampoo, deodorant and also for disinfecting articles.

Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO shampoos (in concentrations between 1 to 2%) and shampoos with selenium sulide have been reported to be effective in the treatment of scalp psoriasis.
However, their efficacy has not been substantiated by controlled studies.
There is also some evidence that shampoos with antifungal agents (e.g.ketoconazole)can have a beneficial effect on scalp conditions. 
Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO should be noted, however, that the effectiveness of these shampoos is much smaller than these containing tars, corticosteroids or keratolytics.
Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO is a coordination complex of zinc and pyrithione that has antimicrobial and anticancer activities. 
Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO is active against the bacteria E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, E. faecium, E. faecalis, and E. cloacae (MICs = 1-4 μg/ml) and the fungus P. ovale when used at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 10 μg/ml. 
Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO reduces tumor growth in an SCC-4 mouse xenograft model when administered at a dose of 1 mg/kg per week for six weeks. 
Formulations containing Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO have been used in the treatment of dandruff.
The pyrithione ligands, which are formally monoanions, are chelated to Zn2+ via oxygen and sulfur centers. 

In the crystalline state, Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO exists as a centrosymmetric dimer (see figure), where each zinc is bonded to two sulfur and three oxygen centers.
In solution, however, the dimers dissociate via scission of one Zn-O bond.
Zinc Pyrithione is a compound commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products for its antifungal and antibacterial properties. 
Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO is an active ingredient designed to treat dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, and various fungal infections of the skin and scalp. 
Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO works by inhibiting the growth of fungi and bacteria that contribute to these conditions, helping to reduce flakiness, itching, and irritation. 
Additionally, Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO aids in controlling sebum production, contributing to a healthier scalp environment. 
The chemical formula of Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO is C10H8N2O2S2Zn.
Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO has antibacterial and anti-fungal properties and is effective against many pathogens. 
Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO can be used as a preservative in formulations, but can also be included into hair care formulations as a hair conditioning agent that can improve the texture of hair as well as preventing and treating dandruff. 
Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO can be used in skin care products to control seborrheic dermatitis and psoriasis. 
Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO can be used in personal care and cosmetic products in the formulation of cleansing products, hair conditioners, shampoos, eyeliners, face powders and skin care products.

Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO Chemical Properties
Melting point: approximate 240℃
Density: 1.782 g/cm3(Temp: 25 °C)
Vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
Storage temp.: Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
Solubility: almost transparency in Pyridine
Form: Powder
Color: White to Orange to Green
Odor: Mild Characteristic
Water Solubility: Insoluble (<0.1 g/100 mL at 21 ºC)
Merck: 14,7994
InChI: InChI=1S/2C5H5NOS.Zn/c2*7-6-4-2-1-3-5(6)8;/h2*1-4,8H;/q;;+2/p-2
InChIKey: OTPSWLRZXRHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-L
LogP: 0.9 at 25℃ and pH7.5-7.7
Surface tension: 73mN/m at 7.22mg/L and 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 13463-41-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO (13463-41-7)

Uses    
Shampoo for dandruff, Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO can inhibit Gram positive and negative bacteria and mold growth,Care hair Effectively , delay hair aging ,control white hair and hair loss generation. zinc pyrithion is also used as a cosmetic preservative, oil, paint biocide.
Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO has a strong killing power on fungi and bacteria so that it can effectively kill dandruff fungus,playing a role in dandruff .
Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO is a preservative against bacteria, fungi, and yeast. 
Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO is unstable in light and in the presence of oxidizing agents. 
Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO is useful in gels, creams, heavy lotions, and talcum powder.
Reactions may lead to photosensitive eczema and actinic reticuloid syndrome. 
Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO is used as antifungal, antibacterial and antiseborrheic agent used in many shampoos and hair creams.
Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO is directly cytotoxic and has antimicrobial effects. 
Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO is found in many shampoos (DHS-Zinc, Head and Shoulders) and should be applied for 5 minutes daily for 2 weeks.

Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO is the active ingredient in several shampoos used to control dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis and is also effective in the therapy of tinea versicolor. 
Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO remains unclear whether the beneficial effects are caused by an antiproliferative or antimicrobial effect or both. 
Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO is substantive to the hair, allowing continued therapeutic effect after washing.
Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO is a beneficial compound owing to its antimicrobial properties and finds extensive application in personal care products and cosmetics. 
Primarily utilized in cleansing formulations like shampoos and soap, this ingredient effectively targets dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, and fungal skin infections by inhibiting the growth of fungi and bacteria responsible for these conditions. 
Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO also alleviates symptoms like itching, flaking, and redness on the scalp and skin. 
Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO’s ability to regulate microbial balance and control sebum production makes it an essential ingredient in products designed to promote scalp and skin health, offering consumers relief from common dermatological issues with proven efficacy.

Pharmaceutical Applications    
Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO is a regulator of keratinization, selenium sulfide has antimicrobial properties and ketoconazole is an antifungal agent (i.e.can provide the reduction of the lipophilic yeast Malassezia furfur).

Medicine
Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO can be used to treat dandruff and seborrhoeic dermatitis.
Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO also has antibacterial properties and is effective against many pathogens from the Streptococcus and Staphylococcus genera.
Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO's other medical applications include treatments of psoriasis, eczema, ringworm, fungus, athletes foot, dry skin, atopic dermatitis, tinea versicolor, and vitiligo.

Paint
Because of its low solubility in water (8 ppm at neutral pH), Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO is suitable for use in outdoor paints and other products that protect against mildew and algae. 
Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO is an algaecide. 
Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO is chemically incompatible with paints relying on metal carboxylate curing agents. 
When Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO is used in latex paints with water containing much iron, a sequestering agent that preferentially binds the iron ions is needed. 
Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO is decomposed by ultraviolet light slowly, providing years of protection in direct sunlight.

Sponges
Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO is an antibacterial treatment for household sponges, as used by the 3M Corporation.

Clothing
A process to apply Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO to cotton with washable results was patented in the United States in 1984. 
Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO is used to prevent microbe growth in polyester.
Textiles with applied Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO protect against odor-causing microorganisms. 
Export of antimicrobial textiles reached US$497.4 million in 2015.

Indications    
Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO is the active ingredient in several shampoos used to control dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis and is also effective in the therapy of tinea versicolor. 
Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO remains unclear whether the beneficial effects are caused by an antiproliferative or antimicrobial effect or both. 
Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO is substantive to the hair, allowing continued therapeutic effect after washing.

Reactivity Profile    
Organometallics, such as Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO, are reactive with many other groups. 
Incompatible with acids and bases. 
Organometallics are good reducing agents and therefore incompatible with oxidizing agents. 
Often reactive with water to generate toxic or flammable gases.
Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO is widely used in antidandruff shampoos and is a classic allergen. Concomitant reactions are expected to both zinc and sodium pyrithione.

Health effects
Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO is approved for over-the-counter topical use in the United States as a treatment for dandruff and is the active ingredient in several anti-dandruff shampoos and body wash gels. 
In its industrial forms and strengths, Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO may be harmful by contact or ingestion. 
Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO can in the laboratory setting trigger a variety of responses, such as DNA damage in skin cells.

Synthesis    
1000 g of sodium pyrithione, 20% aqueous solution (1.34 mmol of sodium pyrithione) was added to a 2L reactor equipped with a mechanical agitator and warmed to 70 °C with stirring. 
To the solution was added 190 g of 50 % zinc chloride (0.7 mmol of zinc chloride) over 10 minutes. 
After the completion of the addition, the solution was stirred at 70 °C for one hour, dehydrated and then washed with 500 g of distilled water. 
The solid thus obtained was dried with a heated-air drier at 70 °C to have a moisture content of less than 0.5 % and ground with a hammer mill to obtain a find powder of zinc pyrithione. 
The Zinc Pyrithione ZPTO thus obtained was 212 g with a yield of 99.5 %.

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