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1,2-DIBROMOETHANE

1,2-DIBROMOETHANE = ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE = EDB

CAS number: 106-93-4
EC number: 203-444-5
Chemical formula: CH₂BrCH₂Br
Molar Mass: 187.87 g/mol

1,2-Dibromoethane, also known as ethylene dibromide (EDB), is an organobromine compound with the chemical formula C2H4Br2. 
Although trace amounts occur naturally in the ocean, where 1,2-Dibromoethane is formed probably by algae and kelp, 1,2-Dibromoethane is mainly synthetic. 
1,2-Dibromoethane is a dense colorless liquid with a faint sweet odor, detectable at 10 ppm, is a widely used and sometimes-controversial fumigant.
The combustion of 1,2-dibromoethane produces hydrogen bromide gas that is significantly corrosive.

1,2-Dibromoethane is a non-flammable, colourless liquid with a sweet odour. 
Other names for 1,2-dibromoethane are ethylene dibromide and EDB. 

1,2-dibromoethane is used in the production of resins, gums, waxes, dyes and pharmaceuticals. 
1,2-Dibromoethane is also used to produce other industrial chemicals. 
In the past, 1,2-dibromoethane was used as an additive in leaded petrol and as a pesticide. 

The effects on people of breathing high levels are not known, but animal studies with short-term exposures to high levels caused depression and collapse, indicating effects on the brain.

1,2-Dibromoethane, also known as ethylene dibromide or DBE, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as organobromides. 
Organobromides are compounds containing a chemical bond between a carbon atom and a bromine atom. 
1,2-Dibromoethane is possibly neutral. 

Trace amounts of 1,2-dibromoethane occur naturally in the ocean, where 1,2-Dibromoethane is formed probably by algae and kelp. 
1,2-Dibromoethane is formally rated as a probable carcinogen and is also a potentially toxic compound. 
Breathing high levels may cause depression and collapse. 
1,2-Dibromoethane is rapidly absorbed by ingestion, inhalation, and dermal routes, then distributed mainly to the kidneys, liver, and spleen. 

1,2-Dibromoethane can be metabolized by either the cytochrome P-450 system or the glutathione S-transferase system. 
These metabolites may be further broken down and excreted in the urine. 
The metabolite 2-bromoacetaldehyde produces liver damage by binding to cellular proteins. 

Long term exposure can result in liver, kidney, and reproductive system damage. 
1,2-Dibromoethane is also known to have adverse effects on the brain. 
S-(2-bromoethyl)glutathione, another metabolite, exerts genotoxic and carcinogenic effects by binding to DNA.

1,2-Dibromoethane, also known as ethylene dibromide (EDB), is an organobromine compound with the chemical formula C2H4Br2. 
Although trace amounts occur naturally in the ocean, where 1,2-Dibromoethane is formed probably by algae and kelp, 1,2-Dibromoethane is mainly synthetic. 
It is a dense colorless liquid with a faint sweet odor, detectable at 10 ppm, is a widely used and sometimes-controversial fumigant. 
The combustion of 1,2-dibromoethane produces hydrogen bromide gas that is significantly corrosive.

This haloalkane, also known as alpha,beta-dibromoethane, presents as a colorless, sweet-smelling liquid. 
Store in a dry and well-ventilated place. 
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. 
1,2-Dibromoethane may darken on storage at ambient temperatures, as 1,2-Dibromoethane is light sensitive. 
1,2-Dibromoethane is incompatible with alkali metals, oxidizing agents, and magnesium.

1,2-Dibromoethane is released into the environment during 1,2-Dibromoethane production and use. 

1,2-Dibromoethane is concluded that, under the conditions of this bioassay 1,2-dibromoethane was carcinogenic for F344 rats, causing increased incidences of carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, adenomas of the nasal cavity, and hemangiosarcomas of the circulatory system in males and females; mesotheliomas of the tunica vaginalis and adenomatous polyps of the nasal cavity in males; and fibroadenomas of the mammary gland and alveolar/bronchiolar adenomas and carcinomas (combined) in females. 
1,2-Dibromoethane was carcinogenic for B6C3F1 mice, causing alveolar/bronchiolar carcinomas and alveolar/bronchiolar adenomas in males and females; and hemangiosarcomas of the circulatory system, fibrosarcomas in the subcutaneous tissue, carcinomas of the nasal cavity, and adenocarcinomas of the mammary gland in females.

The general public may be exposed to very low levels of 1,2-dibromoethane as a contaminant in air or drinking water.
Exposure to1,2-dibromoethane is more likely to occur in an occupational setting. 
However, safe limits are enforced to protect the employees; such levels are below those that are thought to cause harmful effects. 

1,2-Dibromoethane is a colorless liquid with a strong odor that was once used as a pesticide. 
In addition to being used to kill insects and other pests, 1,2-Dibromoethane was also added to gasoline. 
1,2-Dibromoethane is mostly manmade but 1,2-Dibromoethane may be found naturally in the ocean in very small amounts. 
1,2-Dibromoethane vaporizes and easily and 1,2-Dibromoethane will mix easily with water.

Small amounts of 1,2-Dibromoethane can be found in soil near hazardous waste sites. 
1,2-Dibromoethane can also be found on agricultural fields or in areas once used for farming. 
While 1,2-Dibromoethane remains in groundwater and soil for a long time, 1,2-Dibromoethane breaks down quickly in the air. 

Generally, environmental levels are very low. 
In the 1970s and early 1980s, 1,2-Dibromoethane was used to kill insects and worms on fruits, vegetables and grain crops. 
1,2-Dibromoethane was also used to protect grass on golf courses and as an additive in leaded gasoline. 
Most of these uses stopped in 1984.

1,2-Dibromoethane (ethylene dibromide) is commonly used as an ‘entrainment reagent’ to chemically activate magnesium in Grignard reagents. 
1,2-Dibromoethane reacts with magnesium to expose a clean, reactive surface capable of converting otherwise unreactive halides into Grignard reagents. 
1,2-Dibromoethane has many advantages over other entrainment agents. 

1,2-Dibromoethane reacts with magnesium to give MgBr2 and ethylene as byproducts and hence does not introduce a second Grignard reagent to the system. 
1,2-Dibromoethane is also a useful reagent for activating zinc. 
This reagent can be used as a source of electrophilic bromine for bromination of carbanions, and also acts as an alkylating agent with many enolates. 
1,2-Dibromoethane is a precursor to numerous 1,2-disubstituted ethane derivatives, for example 1,2-ethanedithiol. 

In addition, 1,2-Dibromoethane acts as a sacrificial reductant in the conversion of thiocarbonyl compounds to carbonyl compounds, and as an excellent oxidizer in domino carbopalladation-cyclization processes. 
1,2-Dibromoethane was used as a scavenger of lead antiknock agents in gasoline and as a soil fumigant for fumigation of grains and fruits until the early 1980s. 
1,2-Dibromoethane is a useful intermediate in the synthesis of dyes and pharmaceuticals.

1,2-Dibromoethane, also known as ethylene dibromide (EDB), is the organobromine compound with the chemical formula (CH2Br)2. 
Although trace amounts occur naturally in the ocean, where 1,2-Dibromoethane is formed probably by algae and kelp, 1,2-Dibromoethane is mainly synthetic.

1,2-dibromoethane is a largely obsolete insecticide. 
1,2-Dibromoethane is not approved for use in many countries. 
1,2-Dibromoethane is highly soluble in water and volatile, classified as a POP. 
1,2-Dibromoethane can be very persistent in soil systems depending on soil type and environmental conditions. 

1,2-Dibromoethane also has the potential to leach to groundwater. 
1,2-bromoethane tends to have a low to medium toxicity to most biodiversity although there are gaps in data. 
1,2-Dibromoethane has a moderate level of oral toxicity to humans, is a probable carcinogen and may also affect human fertility/reproduction.

1,2-Dibromoethane is a manufactured chemical. 
1,2-Dibromoethane also occurs naturally in small amounts in the ocean where 1,2-Dibromoethane is formed, probably by algae and kelp. 
1,2-Dibromoethane is a colorless liquid with a mild, sweet odor. 

Other names for 1,2-dibromoethane are ethylene dibromide, EDB, and glycol bromide. 
Trade names include Bromofume and Dowfume. 
1,2-Dibromoethane has been used as a pesticide in soil, and on citrus, vegetable, and grain crops. 

Most of these uses have been stopped by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) since 1984. 
Another major use was as an additive in leaded gasoline; however, since leaded gasoline is now banned, 1,2-Dibromoethane is no longer used for this purpose. 
1,2-Dibromoethane is uses today include treatment of logs for termites and beetles, control of moths in beehives, and as a preparation for dyes and waxes.

1,2-Dibromoethane is the chemical compound with the formula BrCH2CH2Br. 
Although trace amounts occurs naturally in the ocean, where 1,2-Dibromoethane is formed probably by algae and kelp, 1,2-Dibromoethane is mainly a synthetic. 
1,2-Dibromoethane is a colorless liquid with a mild, sweaty odor.

1,2-Dibromoethane is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.
1,2-Dibromoethane is used in articles, in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

1,2-dibromomethane is a heavy, colourless liquid with a mild sweet odour, like chloroform. 
Ethylene dibromide is incompatible with strong oxidisers, magnesium, alkali metals, and liquid ammonia. 
Ethylene dibromide is soluble in alcohols, ethers, acetone, benzene, and most organic solvents and slightly soluble in water. 

1,2-Dibromoethane reacts with lead residues to generate volatile lead bromides. 
Because of limitations in epidemiological study evidences for ethylene dibromide as a human carcinogen is inconclusive. 
In 1984, the U.S. EPA imposed a ban on 1,2-Dibromoethane use as a soil and grain fumigant.

Reactivity Profile of 1,2-Dibromoethane:
1,2-Dibromoethane slowly decomposes in the presence of light and heat. 
Turns brown upon exposure to light. 
Corrosive to iron and other metals. 

May decompose upon contact with alkalis. 
Incompatible with oxidizing agents. 
Reacts with sodium, potassium, calcium, powdered aluminum, zinc, magnesium and liquid ammonia. 

May attack some plastics, rubber and coatings. 
May poison platinum catalysts. 
Reacts as an alkylating agent.

Safety Profile of 1,2-Dibromoethane:    
Confirmed carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic, neoplastigenic, and teratogenic data. 
Human poison by ingestion. 
Experimental poison by ingestion, skin contact and possibly other routes. 

Moderately toxic by inhalation and rectal routes. 
Human systemic effects by ingestion: hypermothty, barrhea, nausea or vomiting, decreased urine volume or anuria. 
Experimental reproductive effects. 

Human mutation data reported. 
A severe skin and eye irritant. 
Implicated in worker sterdity. 
When heated to decomposition 1,2-Dibromoethane emits toxic fume.

Chemical Properties of 1,2-Dibromoethane:    
1,2-Dibromoethane is a colorless nonflammable liquid with a mild sweet odor, like chloroform. 
The minimum concentration detectable by odor is 10 ppm.
1,2-Dibromoethane is stable at room temperature, but can be slowly decomposed into toxic substances under light. 

1,2-Dibromoethane is miscible with ethanol, ether, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, gasoline and other organic solvents, and forms azeotropes, and dissolves in about 250 times of water. 
Noncombustible. 
Very toxic by inhalation, skin absorption or ingestion. 
used as a solvent, scavenger for lead in gasoline, grain fumigant and in the manufacture of other chemicals.

Physical properties of 1,2-Dibromoethane:    
Colorless liquid with a sweet, chloroform-like odor. 
Odor threshold concentration is 25 ppb.

Clinical Laboratory Methods of 1,2-Dibromoethane:    
Blood samples are warmed and an inert gas is passed through the sample to extract the volatile halocarbons. 
Tissue samples are macerated in water, then treated the same as for blood samples. 
A Tenax gas chromatography cartridge is used to trap the vapors which are then recovered by thermal desorption and analyzed on gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
The limits of detection of this method are approximately 3 ng/mL for a 10 mL blood sample and 6 ng/g for 5 g tissue sample.

General Manufacturing Information of 1,2-Dibromoethane:

Industry Processing Sectors:
All other petroleum and coal products manufacturing
Petroleum refineries

The largest single application of EDB has traditionally been 1,2-Dibromoethane use as a lead scavenger in leaded gasoline. 
Since the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) mandated a reduction in the lead content in gasoline beginning in 1974, U.S. consumption of EDB in antiknock mixes has declined dramatically, from 60 thousand metric tons in 1978 to less than 1000 metric tons in 1997.

The second-largest traditional use of EDB was as an insect fumigant and soil nematocide. 
In 1983, however, the EPA banned the use of EDB in most agricultural applications because of concerns about the chemical's toxicity. 
As a result, EDB consumption in this market has also dropped. 
Currently, most EDB in the United States is produced for export.

Physical Description of 1,2-Dibromoethane:
Ethylene dibromide appears as a clear colorless liquid with a sweetish odor. 
Density 18.1 lb /gal. Slightly soluble in water. 
Soluble in most organic solvents and thinners.

Noncombustible. 
Very toxic by inhalation, skin absorption or ingestion. 
Used as a solvent, scavenger for lead in gasoline, grain fumigant and in the manufacture of other chemicals.

To prepare functionalized styrenes by reacting with arylboronic acids via palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction.
Along with potassium iodide(KI) for α-acyloxylation of ketones with carboxylic acids without the use of transition metals and strong oxidants.
In the synthesis of 5-aryl/alkyl-2-vinyl-2H-tetrazoles through one-pot regioselective vinylation of 5-tetrazoles without a metal catalyst or organocatalyst.
In the preparation of aryltriethoxysilane using aryl bromide, Mg powder and tetraethyl orthosilicate through sonochemical Barbier-type reaction.
As a reoxidizing reagent along with a silver catalyst in the regioselective carbomagnesiation of terminal alkynes with alkyl Grignard reagents.

Manufacture of 1,2-Dibromoethane:
Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, formulation of mixtures, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in processing aids at industrial sites, as processing aid and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.
Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).

Preparation and structure of 1,2-Dibromoethane:
1,2-Dibromoethane is manufactured by the reaction of ethylene with bromine:
CH2=CH2 + Br2 → BrCH2CH2Br

Preparation and use of 1,2-Dibromoethane:
1,2-Dibromoethane is produced by the reaction of ethylene gas with bromine, in a classic halogen addition reaction:
CH2=CH2 + Br2 → BrCH2–CH2Br

Uses of 1,2-Dibromoethane:    
Ethylene dibromide was used in the past as an additive to leaded gasoline; however, since leaded gasoline is now banned, 1,2-Dibromoethane is no longer used for this purpose. 
Ethylene dibromide is currently used in the treatment of felled logs for bark beetles and termites, and control of wax moths in beehives.

Products used to control or kill unwanted plants:
Power steering fluids, transmission fluids, brake fluids, fuel injector cleaners, gas treatments, or leak stoppers

Used as a fumigant, a solvent, a scavenger for lead in leaded gasoline, and an intermediate in organic synthesis; no longer used in the United States as a soil or grain fumigant

1,2-Dibromoethane (EDB) is used as a fumigant for grains, in antiknock gasolines, as asolvent, and in organic synthesis. 
Most of the uses of 1,2-dibromoethane have been stopped in the United States; however, 1,2-Dibromoethane is still used as a fumigant for treatment of logs for termites and beetles, for the control of moths and beehives, and as a preparation for dyes and waxes.

Historically, the primary use of 1,2-dibromoethane has been as a lead scavenger in antiknock mixtures added to gasolines. 
Lead scavenging agents transform the combustion products of tetraalkyl lead additives to forms that are more likely to be vaporized from engine surfaces. 
In 1978, 90% of the 1,2-dibromoethane produced was used for this purpose. 
Annual consumption of 1,2-dibromoethane in the United States has decreased since the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency banned the use of lead in gasoline.

Pesticide for felled logs and beehives; chemical intermediate for dyes, resins, waxes, and gums. 
Former pesticide and ingredient of soil and grain fumigant formulations until these uses were banned in the US in 1984. 
1,2-Dibromoethane is use as a lead scavenger in antiknock gasoline mixtures ended with the phase-out of leaded gasoline in the US by 1996. 
Trace amounts occur naturally in the ocean.

1,2-Dibromoethane is used in organic synthesis as an "entrainment reagent" to activate magnesium for certain Grignard reagents. 
In this process, the 1,2-dibromoethane is converted to ethylene and magnesium bromide, exposing a freshly etched portion of magnesium to the substrate.

1,2-Dibromoethane is a precursor to many 1,2-disubstituted ethane derivatives, e.g. 1,2-ethanedithiol.
In some cases, 1,2-dibromoethane is used to brominate carbanions.

Another major use, although one that is fading in importance, is as an additive in leaded gasoline.

As a pesticide and fumigant of 1,2-Dibromoethane:
1,2-Dibromoethane has been used as a pesticide in soil, and on citrus, vegetable, and cereal crops. 
Most of these uses have been stopped by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) since 1984. 
1,2-Dibromoethane is uses today include a fumigant for treatment of logs for termites and beetles, control of moths in beehives, and as a preparation for dyes and waxes.

Uses at industrial sites of 1,2-Dibromoethane:
1,2-Dibromoethane is used in the following products: fuels, laboratory chemicals, pharmaceuticals, pH regulators and water treatment products, photo-chemicals and polymers.
1,2-Dibromoethane has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

1,2-Dibromoethane is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
1,2-Dibromoethane is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: of substances in closed systems with minimal release, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), manufacturing of the substance, in processing aids at industrial sites, as processing aid and formulation of mixtures.
Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).

Industry Uses of 1,2-Dibromoethane:
Fuels and fuel additives

Consumer Uses of 1,2-Dibromoethane:
Fuels and related products

Manufacturing of 1,2-Dibromoethane:
EDB is manufactured via uncatalyzed, liquid-phase bromination of ethylene. 
Gaseous ethylene is brought into contact with bromine by various methods, allowing for dissipation of the heat of the reaction.

The commercial manufacturing process is carried out in a glass column reactor consisting of a lower packed section and an unpacked upper section containing a number of superimposed, high-capacity, coil heat exchangers. 
Liquid bromine is continuously added above the packed section while a slight excess of ethylene is continuously fed countercurrently from the bottom of the packed section. 
The exothermic reaction between ethylene and bromine occurs in the liquid phase on the surfaces of the cooling coils, and heat is removed at a rate sufficient to maintain a maximum temperature of 100 °C and the section of the column. 

Some reaction also occurs in the gas phase above the bromine feed where product is condensed and separated from the vent gas (ethylene, hydrogen bromide, and interact material). 
As the crude liquid product passes downward through the packed section, 1,2-Dibromoethane provides a contacting surface for rising ethylene to convert any residual dissolved bromine. 
Ethylene dibromide is continuously withdrawn from the reactor into a hold-up tank where 1,2-Dibromoethane is irradiated with ultraviolet light to eliminate minor amounts of unconverted starting materials.

Handling and Storage of 1,2-Dibromoethane:    

Nonfire Spill Response of 1,2-Dibromoethane:
ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). 
Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. 

Stop leak if you can do 1,2-Dibromoethane without risk. 
Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. 
Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. 
DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

Safe Storage of 1,2-Dibromoethane:    
Separated from strong oxidants, strong bases, powdered metals and food and feedstuffs. 
See Chemical Dangers. 
Ventilation along the floor. 
Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Storage Conditions of 1,2-Dibromoethane:    
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. 
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. 
Light sensitive. 
May darken on storage.

Formulation or re-packing of 1,2-Dibromoethane:
1,2-Dibromoethane is used in the following products: fuels, pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals, pharmaceuticals, photo-chemicals and polymers.
1,2-Dibromoethane has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, manufacturing of the substance, in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as processing aid.
Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).

Historically, 1,2-dibromoethane was used as a component in anti-knock additives in leaded fuels. 
1,2-Dibromoethane reacts with lead residues to generate volatile lead bromides, thereby preventing fouling of the engine with lead deposits.

Pesticide of 1,2-Dibromoethane:
1,2-Dibromoethane has been used as a pesticide in soil and on various crops. 
The applications were initiated after the forced retirement of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP).
Most of these uses have been stopped in the U.S. 
1,2-Dibromoethane continues to be used as a fumigant for treatment of logs for termites and beetles, for control of moths in beehives.

Reagent of 1,2-Dibromoethane:
1,2-Dibromoethane has wider applications in the preparation of other organic compounds including those carrying modified diazocine rings and vinyl bromide that is a precursor to some fire retardants.

In organic synthesis, 1,2-dibromoethane is used as a source of bromine to brominate carbanions and to activate magnesium for certain Grignard reagents. 
In the latter process, 1,2-dibromoethane reacts with magnesium, producing ethene and magnesium bromide, and exposes a freshly etched portion of magnesium to the substrate.

In a synthesis of Diphenazine, amphetamine and ethyelenebromide are reacted together.

Health effects of 1,2-Dibromoethane:
1,2-Dibromoethane causes changes in the metabolism and severe destruction of living tissues.
The known empirical LD50 values for 1,2-dibromoethane are 140 mg kg−1 (oral, rat), and 300.0 mg kg−1 (dermal, rabbit).
1,2-Dibromoethane is a known carcinogen, with pre-1977 exposure levels ranking 1,2-Dibromoethane as the most carcinogenic substance on the HERP Index.

The effects on people of breathing high levels are not known, but animal studies with short-term exposures to high levels caused depression and collapse, indicating effects on the brain. 
Changes in the brain and behavior were also seen in young rats whose male parents had breathed 1,2-dibromoethane, and birth defects were observed in the young of animals that were exposed while pregnant.
1,2-Dibromoethane is not known to cause birth defects in humans. 
Swallowing has caused death at 40ml doses.

Redness and inflammation, including skin blisters and mouth and stomach ulcers, can occur if large amounts are swallowed. 
One accidental swallowing caused death in a woman. 
1,2-Dibromoethane is highly unlikely that there would be a risk of death to people from low-level exposure.

Although very little is known about the effects from breathing 1,2-dibromoethane over a long period of time, some male workers had reproductive effects including damage to their sperm.

In rats, death occurred from breathing high levels for a short time. 
Lower levels caused liver and kidney damage. 
When rats breathed air or ate food containing 1,2-dibromoethane for short or long periods of time, they were less fertile or had abnormal sperm.

Changes in the brain and behavior were also seen in young rats whose male parents had breathed 1,2-dibromoethane, and birth defects were observed in the young of animals that were exposed while pregnant. 
1,2-Dibromoethane is not known to cause birth defects in humans.

First Aid of 1,2-Dibromoethane:    
EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. 
Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. 
Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. 
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. 

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. 
Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. 
IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. 
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas. 

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. 
IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. 
Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere.
Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. 

INGESTION: If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. 
Generally, the induction of vomiting is NOT recommended outside of a physician's care due to the risk of aspirating the chemical into the victim's lungs. 
However, if the victim is conscious and not convulsing and if medical help is not readily available, consider the risk of inducing vomiting because of the high toxicity of the chemical ingested. 
Ipecac syrup or salt water may be used in such an emergency. 

IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. 
If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. 
DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. 
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. 

OTHER: Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and potential recommendation for medical monitoring. 
Recommendations from the physician will depend upon the specific compound, 1,2-Dibromoethane chemical, physical and toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route of exposure.

Fire Fighting     of 1,2-Dibromoethane:
SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray. 

LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. 
Move containers from fire area if you can do 1,2-Dibromoethane without risk. 
Dike fire-control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. 

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. 
Do not get water inside containers. 
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. 
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. 
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. 

Cleanup Methods of 1,2-Dibromoethane:
ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. 
Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. 

Ensure adequate ventilation. 
Evacuate personnel to safe areas. 
Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. 
Do not let product enter drains. 

Discharge into the environment must be avoided. 
Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. 
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Disposal Methods of 1,2-Dibromoethane:
Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U067, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. 
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. 
Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Identifiers of 1,2-Dibromoethane:
CAS Number: 106-93-4 
Beilstein Reference: 605266
ChEBI: CHEBI:28534 
ChEMBL: ChEMBL452370 
ChemSpider: 7551 
ECHA InfoCard: 100.003.132 
EC Number: 203-444-5
KEGG: C11088 
MeSH: Ethylene+Dibromide
PubChem CID: 7839
RTECS number: KH9275000
UNII: 1N41638RNO
UN number: 1605
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID3020415 
InChI:
InChI=1S/C2H4Br2/c3-1-2-4/h1-2H2 
Key: PAAZPARNPHGIKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 
SMILES: BrCCBr

Properties of 1,2-Dibromoethane:
Chemical formula: C2H4Br2
Molar mass: 187.862 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Odor: faintly sweet
Density: 2.18 g mL−1
Melting point: 9.4 to 10.2 °C; 48.8 to 50.3 °F; 282.5 to 283.3 K
Boiling point: 129 to 133 °C; 264 to 271 °F; 402 to 406 K
Solubility in water: 0.4% (20 °C)
log P: 2.024
Vapor pressure: 1.56 kPa
Henry's law constant (kH): 14 μmol Pa kg−1
Refractive index (nD): 1.539

CAS number    106-93-4
EC index number: 602-010-00-6
EC number: 203-444-5
Hill Formula: C₂H₄Br₂
Chemical formula: CH₂BrCH₂Br
Molar Mass: 187.87 g/mol
HS Code: 2903 62 00
Quality Level: MQ200

Molecular Weight: 187.86    
XLogP3: 2    
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0    
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 0    
Rotatable Bond Count: 1    
Exact Mass: 187.86593
Monoisotopic Mass: 185.86798
Topological Polar Surface Area: 0 Ų    
Heavy Atom Count    : 4    
Formal Charge: 0    
Complexity: 6    
Isotope Atom Count: 0    
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0    
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0    
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0    
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0    
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1    
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Thermochemistry of 1,2-Dibromoethane:
Heat capacity (C): 134.7 J K−1 mol−1
Std molar entropy (So298): 223.30 J K−1 mol−1
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298): −1.2419–−1.2387 MJ mol−1

Related compounds of 1,2-Dibromoethane:

Related alkanes of 1,2-Dibromoethane:    
Dibromomethane
Bromoform
Tetrabromomethane
1,1-Dibromoethane
Tetrabromoethane
1,2-Dibromopropane
1,3-Dibromopropane
1,2,3-Tribromopropane

Names of 1,2-Dibromoethane:

Translated names of 1,2-Dibromoethane:
1,2-dibrometan (no)
1,2-dibrometan (ro)
1,2-dibrometan (sv)
1,2-dibrometanas (lt)
1,2-dibromethan (cs)
1,2-dibromethan (da)
1,2-Dibromethan (de)
1,2-dibrometāns (lv)
1,2-dibromoetaan (et)
1,2-dibromoetan (hr)
1,2-dibromoetan (pl)
1,2-dibromoetan (sl)
1,2-dibromoetano (es)
1,2-dibromoetano (it)
1,2-dibromoetano (pt)
1,2-dibromoéthane (fr)
1,2-dibroomethaan (nl)
1,2-dibrómetán (hu)
1,2-dibrómetán (sk)
1,2-etyleenidibromidi (fi)
1,2-etylendibromid (no)
1,2-etylendibromid (sv)
1,2-διβρωμοαιθάνιο (el)
1,2-дибромоетан (bg)
bromek etylenu (pl)
dibromek etylenu (pl)
Ethylendibromid (de)

CAS names of 1,2-Dibromoethane:
Ethane, 1,2-dibromo-

IUPAC names of 1,2-Dibromoethane:
1,2-Dibromethan
1,2-DIBROMOETHANE
1,2-Dibromoethane
1,2-dibromoethane
1,2-dibromoethane
Dibromoethane
Ethylene dibromide

Preferred IUPAC name of 1,2-Dibromoethane:
1,2-Dibromoethane

Other names of 1,2-Dibromoethane:
Ethylene dibromide
Ethylene bromide
Glycol bromide

Synonyms of 1,2-Dibromoethane:    
1,2-Dibromoethane
106-93-4
ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE
Ethylene bromide
sym-Dibromoethane
Ethane, 1,2-dibromo-
alpha,beta-Dibromoethane
Bromuro di etile
1,2-Dibromaethan
1,2-Dibroomethaan
1,2-Ethylene dibromide
Aadibroom
Bromofume
Sanhyuum
Soilbrom
Soilfume
Celmide
Edabrom
Kopfume
Unifume
Nefis
Dibromure D'ethylene
Fumo-gas
Glycol Dibromide
Iscobrome D
Dowfume EDB
Soilbrom-90ec
alpha,omega-Dibromoethane
Soilbrom-40
Soilbrom-85
Soilbrom-90
Dowfume 40
Dowfume W-8
Pestmaster edb-85
Soilbrom-100
Aethylenbromid
Dwubromoetan
Dowfume W-90
Dowfume W-100
E-D-Bee
Rcra waste number U067
1,2-Dibromoetano
EDB-85
NCI-C00522
ENT 15,349
UNII-1N41638RNO
UN 1605
1,2-dibromo-ethane
EDB
.alpha.,.beta.-Dibromoethane
CHEBI:28534
1N41638RNO
1,2,Dibromoethane
MFCD00000233
DBE
DSSTox_CID_415
DSSTox_RID_75571
DSSTox_GSID_20415
1,2-Dibromomethane
Dowfume W-85
Caswell No. 439
Dwubromoetan
Aethylenbromid 
Bromuro di etile
1,2-Dibromaethan 
1,2-Dibroomethaan
CAS-106-93-4
1,2 Dibromoethane
1,2-Dibromoetano 
CCRIS 295
Dowfume W85
Dibromure d'ethylene 
Ethylene dibromide 
HSDB 536
Dibromure d'ethylene
EINECS 203-444-5
UN1605
RCRA waste no. U067
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 042002
BRN 0605266
ethylenebromide
ethylenedibromide
AI3-15349
1,2dibromoethane
1,2-dibromethane
Soilbrome-85
1.2-dibromoethane
1,2,-dibromethane
1, 2-dibromoethane
1,2 dibromo ethane
1,2-dibromo ethane
BrCH2CH2Br
CH2BrCH2Br
1,2,-dibromo ethane
Br(CH2)2Br
EC 203-444-5
SCHEMBL1698
1,2-Dibromoethane, 98%
4-01-00-00158 
BIDD:ER0281
.alpha.,.omega.-Dibromoethane
CHEMBL452370
1,2-Dibromoethane, >=99%
DTXSID3020415
AMY25519
BCP27504
ZINC8234381
Tox21_201427
Tox21_302879
STL163551
AKOS000118755
MCULE-7586462642
NCGC00091279-01
NCGC00091279-02
NCGC00091279-03
NCGC00256607-01
NCGC00258978-01
BP-13439
Ethylene dibromide [UN1605] [Poison]
I812
DB-002363
D0180
FT-0606341
FT-0694297
1,2-Dibromoethane 100 microg/mL in Methanol
1,2-Dibromoethane, purum, >=98.0% (GC)
1,2-Dibromoethane 1000 microg/mL in Methanol
1,2-Dibromoethane 5000 microg/mL in Methanol
Q161471
J-503807
1,2-Dibromoethane, PESTANAL(R), analytical standard
F0001-0129
1,2-Dibromoethane solution, certified reference material, 200 mug/mL in methanol
1,2-Dibromoethane solution, certified reference material, 5000 mug/mL in methanol
.alpha.,.beta.-Dibromoethane
1,2-Bis(bromanyl)ethane
1,2-Dibromaethan
1,2-Dibromo-ethane
1,2-Dibromoetano
1,2-Dibromoethane(ethylene bromide)
1,2-Dibromomethane
1,2-Dibroomethaan
1,2-Ethylene dibromide
Aadibroom
Aethylenbromid
alpha,omega-dibromoethane
Bromofume
Bromuro di etile
Celmide
CH2BrCH2Br
DBE
Dibromoethane
Dibromure D'ethylene
Dowfume 40
Dowfume edb
Dowfume W 85
Dowfume W-100
Dowfume W-8
Dowfume w-85
Dowfume W-90
Dwubromoetan
E-D-Bee
Edabrom
EDB
EDB-85
ENT 15,349
Ethylene bromide
Fumo-gas
Ethylene dibromide
Glycol bromide
Glycol Dibromide
Iscobrome D
Kopfume
NEFIS
Nephis
Pestmaster edb-85
Sanhyuum
Soilbrom
Soilbrom-100
Soilbrom-40
Soilbrom-85
Soilbrom-90
Soilbrom-90ec
Soilbrome-85
Soilfume
sym-Dibromoethane
Unifume
AI3-15349
BRN 0605266
CASWELL NO. 439
CCRIS 295
EINECS 203-444-5
EPA PESTICIDE CHEMICAL CODE 042002
HSDB 536
NCI-C00522
RCRA WASTE NO. U067
UN1605
1,2-Dibrom(2H4)ethan
1,2-Dibromo(2H4)ethane
1,2-Dibromo(2H4)éthane
1,2-Dibromoethane-d4
22581-63-1 
Ethane-1,1,2,2-d4, 1,2-dibromo-
Ethane-d4, 1,2-dibromo- 
Ethylene-d4 dibromide
MFCD00037499
1,2-Dibromo-(1,1,2,2-2H4)ethane
1,2-dibromo-1,1,2,2-tetradeuterioethane
4-Methoxyphenoxyacetaldehyde diethyl acetal
69034-13-5 
dibromoethane-d4
Ethane-1,1,2,2-d4-, 1,2-dibromo-
Ethane-1,1,2,2-d4,1,2-dibromo- (8CI,9CI)
ethane-d4, 1,2-dibromo-

MeSH of 1,2-Dibromoethane:
1,2 Dibromoethane
1,2-Dibromoethane
Bromide, Ethylene
Dibromide, Ethylene
Dibromides, Ethylene
Dowfume W 85
Dowfume W85
Ethylene Bromide
Ethylene Dibromide
Ethylene Dibromides
sym Dibromoethane
sym-Dibromoethane
 

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