PRODUCTS

1,3-BUTYLENE GLYCOL

1,3-Butylene Glycol = 1,3 Butanediol = Butane-1,3-diol = Butylene Glycol
Cas number: 107-88-0
EC number: 203-529-7
Molecular weight(MW):90.1210
Molecular formula: C4H10O2

DESCRIPTION:
1,3-Butylene Glycol is a natural diol, very pure, clear and odourless liquid.
It is a common humectant used in cosmetic as moisturizer for the skin, solvent, fragrance enhancer.
1,3-Butylene Glycol is COSMOS approved.
1,3-Butylene Glycol is well known in cosmetic for its good moisturizing proprieties and for improving preservative systems.
1,3-Butanediol inhibits gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms as well as moulds and yeasts.
1,3-Butylene Glycol is water soluble at room temperature and can be added directly in aqueous phase.
Concentration recommended: 2 - 30%
In presence of preservatives (such as Biocon PHE, Biocon OC, Biocon DB…), 1,3-Butylene Glycol boosts the performance of the preservative system and stabilizes the formulations.
1,3-Butanediol is an organic compound with the formula CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2OH.
With two alcohol functional groups, the molecule is classified as a diol.
1,3-Butanediol is a colorless, bittersweet, water-soluble liquid.
1,3-Butylene Glycol is one of four common structural isomers of butanediol.
1,3-Butylene Glycol is an organic compound with the formula, with two alcohol functional groups, the molecule is classified as a diol.
1,3-Butylene Glycol is a colorless, water-soluble liquid.
1,3-Butylene Glycol is one of four common structural isomers of butanediol. Package:HDPE Drums, ISO tank, Composite Drums, IBC.
1,3 Butylene Glycol is used as a multifunctional Emollient and Humectant.
1,3-Butylene Glycol is widely used in Skin-Care and Haircare Formulations and other Personal Care applications such as Cosmetic Face Masks.
1,3 Butylene Glycol is used as an intermediate for the manufacture of polyester plasticisers and unsaturated polyester resins and polyurethane paints.
In heavy duty brake-fluid formulations, gelling agent for gelatin and similar proteins, humectant for cellophane, tobacco, unsaturated polyester resins and resins for polyurethane paints, Alkyd resin paints and wetting agent in inks.
Stabilizer for pharmaceuticals.
As an intermediate for the manufacture of polyester plasticizers.
Solvent in the fragrance industry.
In the food and beverage industry, it is used as an additive and has antimicrobial properties and is also used as an additive in packaging of foods and beverages.
Butylene Glycol contains NLT 98.0% and NMT 102.0% of butane-1,3-diol (C4H10O2), calculated on the anhydrous basis.
Butylene glycol is a chemical compound derived from petroleum and often used as a moisturizer in skin care.
1,3-Butylene Glycol prevents the product from drying out and makes the formulations more resistant to moisture.
1,3-Butylene Glycol has antimicrobial properties.
1,3-Butylene Glycol keeps skin soft and helps one feel beautiful Butylene glycol is ecocert approved.
1,3-Butylene Glycol has a moisturizing effect on the skin.
Butylene glycol may be readily dehydrated to form butadiene which is employed as a monomeric raw material in the preparation of synthetic rubber.
1,3-butylene glycol is a very important chemical compound and its ready and economical preparation from a material as cheap and readily obtainable as ethyl alcohol assumes great importance.
The principal object of the present invention is to provide an improved process for the production of 1,3-butylene glycol from ethyl alcohol.
Another object is to devise such a method involving electrochemical steps in an integrated relationship.
Another object is to provide such a process involving electrochemical steps wherein substantial savings in power are effected along with other improvements, since one of the principal objections to ordinary electrolytic organic reactions is the relatively large cost of power consumed in carrying out the electrolytic reaction.
Another object is to simultaneously carry out one step of the integrated process in the anode compartment of a divided electrolytic cell and another step in the cathode compartment of the same cell.
Numerous other objects and advantages of the present invention will be at once apparent to those skilled in the art in the light of this disclosure.
The accompanying drawing, 'which is self-explanatory, portrays diagrammatically one embodiment of the present invention.
In accordance with my invention, ethyl alcohol is oxidized to acetaldehyde in the anode compartment of an electrolytic cell, the acetaldehyde so formed is condensed to aldol, and the aldol is reduced to 1,3-butylene glycol in the cathode compartment of an electrolytic cell, preferably of the same cell as that in which the acetaldehyde is formed.
By simultaneously carrying out the oxidation of the starting ethyl alcohol to acetaldehyde and the reduction of the aldol to 1,3-butylene glycol in the anode and cathode compartments respectively, of one and the same electrochemical cell, great economies and convenience of operation are effected and the same electric current is used for both the electrolytic oxidation and reduction whereby very great savings in power cost are attained.
Butylene Glycol, or let’s just call it BG, is a multi-tasking colorless, syrupy liquid. It’s a great pick for creating a nice feeling product.
BG’s main job is usually to be a solvent for the other ingredients.
Other tasks include helping the product to absorb faster and deeper into the skin (penetration enhancer), making the product spread nicely over the skin (slip agent), and attracting water (humectant) into the skin.
1,3-Butylene Glycol is an ingredient whose safety hasn’t been questioned so far by anyone (at least not that we know about).
BG is approved by Ecocert and is also used enthusiastically in natural products. BTW, it’s also a food additive.

Product Details:
Description:
1,3-Butylene Glycol is a emollient, food additive, humectant, solvent.
1,3-Butylene Glycol is used in shampoos, body washes, acne treatments, facial cleaner, cosmetics, anti-aging creams, flavors, nail polish, sunscreens.
Product No: 16011358
Retired Product No: 778797, 779354
Supplier:Oq Chemicals
Molecular Weight:90.12
XLogP3-AA:-0.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count:2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count:2
Rotatable Bond Count:2
Exact Mass:90.068079557
Monoisotopic Mass:90.068079557
Topological Polar Surface Area:40.5 Å²
Heavy Atom Count:6
Formal Charge:0
Complexity:28.7
Isotope Atom Count:0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count:0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count:1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count:0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count:0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count:1
Compound Is Canonicalized:Yes
Grade:Technical
Estimated Shipping Time:Typically ships within 1-3 business days
Prohibited Uses:For intended use only
Applications:Emollient, Food Additive, Humectant, Solvent
INCI:Butylene Glycol
Appearance:liquid
Application Type:Personal care
Auto Ignition Temperature:410 °C (770 °F)
Boiling Point:209 °C (408 °F)
Color:Clear, Colorless
Density:1.0035 g/cm3 @ 20 °C (68 °F)
Dynamic Viscosity:131.8 mPa.s @ 20 °C (68 °F)
Flash Point:115 °C (239 °F) Method: ISO 2719
Lower Explosion Limit:1.9 %(V)
Odor:weak
Partition Coefficient: Pow: -0.9
pH:6.1 @ 20 °C (68 °F)
Recommended Use:COSMETIC GRADE
Relative Density:1.0035 @ 20 °C (68 °F)
Relative Vapor Density:3.2 @ 20 °C (68 °F)
Solubility in Water:Miscible
Surface Tension:72.6 mN/m, OECD Test Guideline 115
Upper Explosion Limit:12.6 %(V)
Vapor Pressure:< 1 hPa @ 20 °C (68 °F)

1,3 Butylene Glycol is a viscosity decreasing component.
Like other humectants, it forms a barrier which prevents the drying out of cosmetics.
Furthermore, it prevents the assimilation of water from atmospheres of high humidity into film-forming preparations.
1,3-Butylene Glycol has a solubilising effect on natural and synthetic flavouring substances.
Among the most important characteristics of this ingredient are its ability to stabilise volatile compounds such as fragrances and flavours fixing them in cosmetic formulations and to retard the loss of aroma.
1,3 Butylene Glycol acts as a solvent.
1,3-Butylene Glycol is used as an alternative for propylene glycol. Possesses anti-microbial effect.
1,3-Butylene Glycol inhibits the drying out of cosmetics and prevents the crystallization of insoluble components.
Aids in solubilizing aqueous insoluble ingredients and stabilizes volatile compounds such as fragrances and fixing them in the cosmetic formulation.
1,3-Butylene Glycol contributes to the preservation of products against spoiling, it has a very good distribution coefficient and thus leads to better efficacy of preservatives mixed into formulation.
1,3 Butylene Glycol is used in various cosmetics and personal care products.
1,3-Butylene Glycol (1,3-BG) Market forecasted to reach $178.5 million by 2024, according to the study, the global 1,3-butylene glycol (1,3-BG) market is likely to grow from $127.8 million in 2017 to $178.5 million by 2024.
Growing cosmetic products market and the growing demand of 1,3 butylene glycol in the pharmaceutical industry are the key factors driving the growth of the global market.
1,3-BG is used as raw material for polyester plasticizers and unsaturated polyester resins humectant in cosmetics.
1,3-Butylene Glycol is a viscosity decreasing component and prevents the dying out of cosmetics.
The best characteristic of 1,3-BG is its ability to stabilize volatile compounds such as fragrances and flavors fixing them in cosmetic formulations and to reduce the loss of aroma. It also helps in the preservation of cosmetics against spoilage by micro-organisms.
Firstly, 1,3-Butylene Glycol has a very good distribution coefficient, which leads to a better efficacy of preservatives mixed into formulation, thus making it possible to lower the dose of the applied preservative.
Secondly, 1,3-Butylene Glycol has an antimicrobial effect, which helps arrest the growth of microorganisms in products.
Compared with glycerol, sorbitol, and propylene glycol, 1,3-BG is the most efficient polyol as antimicrobial agent.
As per the findings of research, pharmaceutical grade occupied the larger share of the market, its usage in major industries, such as cosmetic, personal care, and food industries.
Growing demand for skin care and hair care products and entry of large number of players in the food and beverages industry worldwide, is driving the demand for pharmaceutical grade 1,3-butylene glycol.
On the basis of application, cosmetics & personal care products were the largest application area of 1,3-butylene glycol, owing to increasing consciousness and awareness towards haircare and skincare among consumers.
The increasing awareness supported with increased disposable income is leading to more demand of such cosmetic products, which finds application of 1,3-BG.
Globally, Asia-Pacific dominates the market and is expected to remain the largest market in future as well.
This is due to high demand for 1,3-BG in emerging economies of the region. During the forecast period, the market is expected to witness the fastest growth in Asia-Pacific, attributed to factors such as improving healthcare infrastructure, increasing disposable income, and significant growth in the cosmetics industry.
Countries such as India and China have growth potential for 1,3-butylene glycol market in the region.
The healthcare expenditure in these countries is still proportionally very low when compared to the developed economies of Europe and North America.
However, the large population base and increasing disposable income exhibit strong demand for personal care products, thus increasing the demand for 1,3-butylene glycol.
1,3-BG also helps in the preservation of cosmetics against spoilage by micro-organisms.
The market for beauty products is driven by increasing aging population, and increasing disposable income.
The leading cosmetic companies, such as L'Oreal Group (France), Avon Products Inc. (the U.S.), The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. (the U.S.), and Oriflame Cosmetics (Luxembourg) are continuously introducing new variants, which is leading to increased growth of cosmetics industry.
This is expected to drive the growth in demand of 1,3-butylene glycol worldwide.
1,3-butylene glycol market revenue is projected to cross $269.1 million by 2030, according to the market research report published , the market is growing due to booming sales of cosmetics.
With the increasing disposable income and influence of show business, people are putting in more efforts and money than ever to improve their appearance.
The chemical is used as a humectant and emollient in cosmetic products, preventing them from drying out and losing their aroma.
This is why chemical companies, such as Daicel Corporation, Genomatica Inc., KH Neochem Co. Ltd., Godavari Biorefineries Ltd., Haihang Industry Co. Ltd., and OQ Chemicals GmbH are expanding their manufacturing capabilities, launching new variants of the product, and engaging in partnerships with each other in order to make the most of the market opportunities.
For instance, Genomatica Inc. has given Glenn LLC the exclusive rights to distribute the former’s Brontide natural butylene glycol in the U.S.
Butylene glycol (1.3-Butanediol) is a small organic alcohol used as solvent and conditioning agent.
1,3-Butylene glycol which has a high purity and is free from the problem of odor; and a process for producing the 1,3-butylene glycol.
The process in which an acetaldol obtained by the condensation of acetaldehyde is hydrogenated in the presence of a catalyst to synthesize 1,3-butylene glycol is characterized by using a means selected among (1) to use a Raney nickel having high hydrogenation activity as a catalyst for the hydrogenation, (2) to conduct the condensation reaction in the presence of a basic catalyst and conduct the hydrogenation reaction in an acidic system, (3) to make the crude hydrogenation reaction mixture basic, distill off the alcohol, and then distill the residue, and (4) to treat a 1,3-butylene glycol fraction obtained by distilling the crude hydrogenation reaction mixture with ozone.
Also provided are a method in which the butanol yielded as a by-product in the production of 1,3-butylene glycol is purified by a chemical treatment and a process for producing butyl acetate from the purified butanol.
1,3 Butylene Glycol is a multifunctional emollient used in various personal care
applications in Skin Care, Hair Care and Colour Cosmetics.
It is also used in process of Plant Extractions as its properties are preferred over water.
1,3 Butylene glycol is used in the product as a solvent.
1,3 Butylene glycol dissolves materials that are not very soluble in water.
This means you get a more effective product because the dissolved ingredients can spread to your skin better and be absorbed.
In addition, they can have antimicrobial effects and are effective as preservatives in cosmetics.

Key Findings of 1,3-Butylene Glycol Market Report:
• The COVID-19 pandemic affected the demand for the chemical negatively by leading to the shutdown of the cosmetics industry and also reducing people’s spending power.
• The pharmaceutical grade of the chemical dominates the 1,3-butylene glycol market because of its high importance in the cosmetics and personal care products, food and beverage, and pharmaceutical industries.
• This is in tune with the fact that the chemical is consumed in the highest volumes in the cosmetics and personal care industry, primarily as a humectant in skincare products.
• In this regard, the rising prevalence of acne, dyspigmentation, hyperpigmentation, psoriasis, deep wrinkles, atopic dermatitis, freckles, and melasma is acting as a strong industry growth driver.
• As a humectant, the chemical not only prevents the cosmetic products from drying, but also keeps the skin itself moist.
• Asia-Pacific (APAC) has been the largest 1,3-butylene glycol market for many years because of its huge population, which is increasingly purchasing cosmetics and skincare products.
Moreover, the growing e-commerce sector has increased the access of the masses to such products.
APAC is also expected to account for the fastest rise in the consumption of this chemical in the coming years.
Regional developing countries, such as India, China, Thailand, Vietnam, and Indonesia, are witnessing a rapid surge in disposable income.
This is allowing people to spend more on things they considered an unnecessary expense earlier.
Seeing the rising demand for cosmetics, 1,3-butylene glycol market players are trying to develop a cost-effective fermentation method for the manufacturing of this chemical.
The idea is to make the chemical more accessible for cosmetics and personal care companies, who are taking steps to augment the output of such products in tune with the growing appearance consciousness around the world.

SHELF LIFE:
Under proper storage conditions, the shelf life of 1,3-Butylene Glycol is 24 months.

Storage of 1,3 Butylene Glycol:
Store medicines at room temperature, away from heat and direct light.
Do not freeze medicines unless required by package insert.
Keep medicines away from children and pets.
Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into drainage unless instructed to do so.
Medication discarded in this manner may contaminate the environment.

PRODUCTION:
Hydrogenation of 3-hydroxybutanal gives 1,3-butanediol:
CH3CH(OH)CH2CHO + H2 → CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2OH
Dehydration of 1,3-butanediol gives 1,3-butadiene:
CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2OH → CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + 2 H2O
Disclosed are the improvements of a process for the preparation of 1,3-butylene glycol, in which the generation of by-products can be decreased, resulting in being capable of producing 1,3-butylene glycol having high quality (e.g. an odorless, so-called "cosmetic grade") at a high-yield.
1,3-butylene glycol is a bio-derivative applied to various products in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industry.
Our focus is on 1,3-Butylene Glycol's use in cosmetic beauty products, such as lotions, where it will be used in a high purity context.
1,3-Butylene Glycol's ability to retain moisture in cosmetic products is what makes it desirable among consumers.
The kinetics of oxidation of 1,3--butlene glycol (beta - BG) by dihydroxyditelluto- argentate(III) were studied spectrophotometrically between 298.2 and 313.2 K in alkaline medium.
The reaction rate showed pseudo-first order dependence in oxidant and fractional order in ss-BG.
The pseudo-first order rate constant k_{obs} increased with an increase in the concentration of OH^- and a decrease in the concentration of TeO_4^{2-} .
There was a negative salt effect and no free radicals were detected.
Thus, the dihydroxymonotelluratoargentate(III) species is assumed to be the active species.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION:
The present invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of 1,3-butylene glycol.
In particular, the present invention relates to the improvements of a process for the preparation of 1,3-butylene glycol, in which the generation of by-products can be decreased, resulting in it being capable of obtaining 1,3-butylene glycol having high quality (e.g. odorless) at a high yield.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram exhibiting a process for preparing aldoxane and paraldol in which steps (a) and (b) are combinedly shown.
Step (a) includes an aldol condensation reactor (1-1), and also as a supplement includes a neutralization tank (1-2). Step (b) includes an aldoxane decomposition column (1-3), and supplementarily includes an acetaldehyde-refining column (1-4).
FIG. 2 is a block diagram exhibiting a process for preparing 1,3-butylene glycol in which step (c) is shown.
Step (c) includes a hydrogenation reactor (2-1) and alcohols distillation column (2-2).
FIG. 3 is a block diagram exhibiting a step for refining a crude 1,3-butylene glycol, in which a water-distillation column (3-1), a salts-removing column (3-2) and a distillation column (3-3) for removing high-boiling-point ingredients and a distillation column (3-4) for removing low-boiling-point ingredients.
FIG. 4 is a graph in which the distillation yield of odorless 1,3-butylene glycol products is shown in the ordinate, and the amount of by-produced alcohols based on 1000 of odorless 1,3-butylene glycol products is shown in the abscissa.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION:
1,3-butylene glycol is an organic compound which has a boiling point of 208.degree. C. under ordinary pressure, is viscous, colorless, transparent and low odor, exhibits an excellent solubility and a capability of producing chemically-stable derivatives, and is a useful compound as a solvent for coatings, starting materials for various synthetic resins and surfactants, a high-boiling-point solvent and antifreeze, food supplements, animal food supplements, a humectant for tobacco composition and an intermediate for preparation of various other compounds.
Recently in particular, high-quality odorless 1,3-butylene glycol has been used as a solvent for toiletry products in the field of cosmetics due to its excellent moisture absorptive property, low volatility, low irritation and low toxicity.
However, the scope for the application of 1,3-butylene glycol is limited due to a very minor quantity of residual odor.
Most recently in particular, further improvement in the quality and the yield of an odorless, so-called "cosmetic grade" 1,3-butylene glycol has been strongly desired.
Heretofore, there have been three widely-known processes for the preparation of 1,3-butylene glycol which are described below.
(1) A method (British Patent N.cndot. 853266) in which acetaldol is first prepared by aldol condensation of acetaldehyde, and then catalytically hydrogenated to obtain 1,3-butylene glycol.
(2) A method in which 1,3-butylene glycol is prepared by a hydration reaction of 1,3-butyleneoxide.
(3) A method in which 1,3-butylene glycol is prepared from propylene and formaldehyde by the Prince Reaction.
However, method (2) is not yet completed for use as an industrial manufacturing process, and therefore is unpractical.
And, method (3) is also unpractical because it gives only a low yield.
Therefore, 1,3-butylene glycol has been industrially manufactured by method (1).
However, acetaldol is not stable due to its chemical structure.
For example, croton aldehyde is produced by dehydration of acetaldol, resulting in the production of various impure materials as by-products, for example, butanol, 2-butanone, etc.
It is known that the above-mentioned acetaldol produced industrially is primarily composed of 2,4-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-6-ol(aldoxane) which is a trimer of acetaldehyde as described in Industrial Engineering Chemistry 44, 1003 (1952).
It is self-evident that if aldoxane is catalytically reduced, it would be decomposed by hydrogenation into 1,3-butylene glycol and ethanol as a reaction mechanism, which makes it objectionable for the purpose of industrially manufacturing 1,3-butylene glycol.
As a method for solving the problem, for example, Japanese Patent Unexamined Publications 212384/1987 and 246529/1987 disclose that a crude reaction solution primarily consisting of paraldol is prepared while distilling out acetaldehyde after thermally decomposing aldoxane, followed by catalytically reducing paraldol to prepare 1,3-butylene glycol.
Heretofore, unreacted acetaldehyde [a primary component in stream (C) of FIG. 1] distilled out in a step [aldoxane decomposing colum 1-3 in FIG. 1] for preparing a solution [stream (B) of FIG. 1] primarily consisting of aldoxane and paraldol in which aldoxane [a primary component in stream (A) of FIG. 1] is thermally decomposed, has been recirculated [stream line (F)] to the aldol condensation step (a) [1--1 of FIG. 1].
In such an acetaldehyde-recirculating method, croton aldehyde generated in the thermal decomposition step (b) [1-3 of FIG. 1] of aldoxane is also recirculated to the aldol condensation step together with unreacted acetaldehyde, unpreferably resulting in the generation of various impure components by a reaction with acetaldehyde, etc. in the aldol condensation step.
The impure components, in particular, odor-causing impurities cannot be sufficiently removed in succeeding steps [e.g. ethanol/butanol distillation columns, water distillation column, etc.], resulting in it adversely affecting to the quality (e.g. odor regulation) of 1,3-butylene glycol products for their uses in the field of cosmetics.
Almost all of the water is removed together with the unreacted acetaldehyde through the thermal decomposition step of aldoxane and the simultaneous acetaldehyde distillation as described above, objectionably resulting in it becoming unsuitable of practical operation due to viscosity increase or crystallization of the crude solution discharged from the bottom of the decomposition column.
Furthermore, conventional 1,3-butylene glycol products prepared by the hydrogenation of paraldol after removing croton aldehyde as described above include minor amounts of odor-causing impurities even after being refined through the conventional refining steps described below.
The conventional refining steps primarily have included an ethanol distillation step, a butanol distillation step, a water distillation step, a salts-removing step, a step for removing high-boiling-point ingredients and a step for removing low-boiling-point ingredients, leading to the production of a refined 1,3-butylene glycol.
On the other hand, it is known (e.g. Japanese Examined Patent Publication N.cndot. 80139/1991) that very minor amounts of odor-causing impurities can be acceleratedly removed by distillation while charging water so as to obtain an odorless 1,3-butylene glycol (e.g. a product having a purity of 99.7-99.97%) from a 1,3-butylene glycol product having odor (e.g. a commercially supplied product having a purity of more than 98%).
Even though the method described in the Publication n.cndot. 80139/1991 is carried out, the odorless 1,3-butylene glycol can be obtained only at a yield of 50 to 60%.
The present invention has been completed as a result of studies by the present inventor to solve the above-described problems.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION:
The present invention is described hereinafter in more detail based on accompanying FIGS. 1 to 3 which are a block diagram exhibiting a process for preparing 1,3-butylene glycol in which steps (a), (b) and (c) are combinedly shown.
In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an improved process for the preparation of 1,3-butylene glycol by steps (a), (b) and (c);
(a) aldol condensation of acetaldehyde in the presence of an alkali catalyst to obtain a crude reaction solution primarily containing aldoxane, acetaldehyde and water;
(b) thermal decomposition of aldoxane to obtain paraldol while distilling off a distillate containing acetaldehyde, water and small amounts of croton aldehyde from the crude reaction solution;
(c) hydrogenation of paraldol to obtain 1,3-butylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst;
characterized in that a refined acetaldehyde not containing a substantial amount of croton aldehyde is recirculated to step (a) after the removal of croton aldehyde from the distillate in step (b).
The crude reaction solution [stream (A) in FIG. 1] in step (a) through the first, second and third aspects is prepared by the aldol condensation of acetaldehyde in the presence of an alkali catalyst.
It is noted that the wording "not containing a substantial amount of croton aldehyde" in the first aspect of the present invention means "croton aldehyde content of less than 0.1%" based on acetaldehyde.
The crude reaction solution [stream (A) in FIG. 1] primarily contains aldoxane, unreacted acetaldehyde, water, small amounts of croton aldehyde and minor amounts of other components.
Step (a) includes an aldol condensation reactor (1-1), and supplementarily includes a neutralization tank (1-2).
Step (b) includes an aldoxane decomposition column (1-3), and supplementarily includes an acetaldehyde-refining column (1-4).
Step (c) includes a hydrogenation reactor (2-1) and supplementarily includes an alcohols distillation column (2-2), a water-distillation column (3-1), a salts removing-column (3-2), a distillation column (3-3) for removing high-boiling-points ingredients and a distillation column (3-4) for removing low-boiling-points ingredients.
And further, the aldoxane decomposition column (1-3) in step (b) supplementarily includes a reboiler (1-3-1), a condenser (1-3-2).
The acetaldehyde-refining column (1-4) supplementarily includes a reboiler (1-4-1), a condenser (1-4-2), a condenser (1-4-3) and a decanter (1-4-4) between a discharging line (1-4-5) and a recirculating line (1-4-6) which are described hereinafter.
Acetaldehyde which is a primary starting compound is charged together with an alkali catalyst such as caustic soda aqueous solution into the aldol condensation reactor (1-1) to obtain a crude reaction solution [stream (A) in FIG. 1) primarily containing aldoxane, acetaldehyde and water.
The aldol condensation reaction is usually carried out at temperatures of from 10.degree. to 30.degree. C.
The crude reaction solution obtained is preferably neutralized in the neutralization tank (1-2), in which the alkali catalyst is neutralized with an organic acid such as acetic acid. The use of an inorganic acid is not preferred as it causes the erosion of equipment.
The crude reaction solution [stream (A)] after the completion of neutralization is charged into the aldoxane decomposition column (1-3).
The crude reaction solution has conventionally included from 15 to 30% by weight of unreacted acetaldehyde, from 55 to 70% by weight of aldoxane, from 10 to 25% by weight of water, from 0.5 to 2% by weight of croton aldehyde and 1 to 2% by weight of various other compounds.
In the aldoxane decomposition column (1-3), aldoxane is thermally decomposed while distilling off a distillate [stream (C)] primarily containing acetaldehyde, water and croton aldehyde under ordinary pressure or reduced pressure to obtain a crude solution [stream (B)] primarily containing aldoxane, paraldol and water.
The decomposition temperatures depend upon the ordinary or reduced pressure to be applied, for example, which are generally from 60.degree. to 120.degree. C. from 400 to 500 Torr, and preferably 85.degree. C. or so.
The retention time is generally from 10 minutes to 2 hours, and preferably 1 hour or so, based on the charged solution.
The solution [stream (B)] discharged from the aldoxane decomposition column-bottom contains from 5 to 60% by weight of aldoxane, from 5 to 50% by weight of paraldol, from 5 to 20% by weight of water, from 1 to 3% by weight of croton aldehyde which are generated by decomposition of aldoxane and from 1 to 4% by weight of various other compounds.
The distillate [stream (C)] discharged from the top of the decomposition column (1-3) contains from 60 to 95% by weight of acetaldehyde, from 5 to 30% by weight of water, from 1 to 10% by weight of croton aldehyde which are generated by the decomposition of aldoxane and from 1 to 5% by weight of various other compounds.
Although higher decomposition temperatures and a longer retention time can preferably produce larger amounts of paraldol which is a desired compound in step (b), such undesirable compounds as croton aldehyde, etc. are also produced in larger amounts.
The solution [stream (B)] separated in step (b) as described hereinabove is supplied to a hydrogenation step (c) to prepare 1,3-butylene glycol.
In the prior art, in distilling off acetaldehyde while thermally decomposing aldoxane, water and croton aldehyde have been also distilled off together with acetaldehyde and then recirculated to the aldol condensation step (a) as it is.
This is problematic in that croton aldehyde recirculated to the aldol condensation step (a) reacts with acetaldehyde; etc., to produce various impure by-products.
Specific means in order to remove croton aldehyde from a solution [stream (F)] primarily containing acetaldehyde, water and croton aldehyde to be recirculated to the aldol condensation step (a) essentially includes a discharging line (1-4-5) from aside portion of the acetaldehyde-refining column (1-4) which also supplementarily includes a reboiler (1-4-1) and a condenser (1-4-2).
And, the discharging line (1-4-5) preferably includes a condenser (1-4-3), a decanter (1-4-4) and a recirculating line (1-4-6) to be used in an industrial process for commercial production.
A distillate discharged from the discharging line (1-4-5) is condensed in the condenser (1-4-3), and then a resulting condensate is separated into two layers of liquid in the decanter (1-4-4).
Croton aldehyde is primarily included in the upper layer of liquid [stream (E)] of the two layers of liquid, followed by supplying to a recovery step or a waste line, and resulting in being removed from acetaldehyde to be recirculated to the aldol condensation step (a).
The lower layer of liquid [stream (D)] of the two layers of liquid primarily includes from 5 to 15% by weight of croton aldehyde, and from 85 to 95% by weight of water, both of which are recirculated to the side portion of the acetaldehyde-refining column (1-4) through a recirculating line (1-4-6) in order to effectively recover croton aldehyde.
The recirculating line (1-4-6) should be situated in a portion higher than the discharging line (1-4-5) in order to decrease the acetaldehyde content in the croton aldehyde to be recovered.
A location for the discharging line (1-4-5) is selected depending upon operation conditions of the acetaldehyde-refining column (1-4).
Otherwise, the operation conditions of the acetaldehyde-refining column (1-4) are selected based on the location of the discharging line (1-4-5).
The acetaldehyde-refining column (1-4) includes a bubble-cap column, a plate column or a packed column having generally plate numbers of 20 to 30. Where the number of plates is less than 20, sufficient separation cannot be carried out, making it not preferable.
On the other hand, where the number of plates is more than 30, economical operations cannot be carried out, which is not preferable.
The discharging line (1-4-5) is located at a portion of generally 50 to 90%, preferably 70 to 80% from the top plate in the acetaldehyde-refining column (1-4).
Where the discharging line is located higher than 50%, the croton aldehyde content in the distillate at the acetaldehyde-refining column (1-4) becomes unpreferably higher.
On the other hand, where the discharging line is located lower than 10%, the croton aldehyde content in the water discharged from the bottom of the acetaldehyde-refining column (1-4) would objectionably increase.
The distillate from the discharging line (1-4-5) is generally condensed at temperatures ranging 5.degree. to 20.degree. C., preferably 10.degree. to 15.degree. C. in a condenser (1-4-3). Where the temperature is higher than 20.degree. C., acetaldehyde is not sufficiently condensed.
It is noted that the top of the acetaldehyde-refining column (1-4) is equipped with a condenser (1-4-2), and preferably carried out in a reflux ratio of from 0.5 to 2.0.
Furthermore, the distillate from the top of the aldoxane decomposition column (1-3) must be charged into a portion above than the recirculated line (1-4-6) in the acetaldehyde-refining column (1-4) after being condensed in the condenser (1-3-2).
In accordance with a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an improved process for the preparation of 1,3-butylene glycol by steps (a), (b) and (c);
(a) aldol condensation step of acetaldehyde in the presence of an alkali catalyst to obtain a crude reaction solution primarily containing aldoxane, acetaldehyde, water and small amounts of croton aldehyde;
(b) thermal decomposition step of aldoxane to obtain paraldol while distilling off a distillate containing acetaldehyde, water and small amounts of croton aldehyde from the crude reaction solution;
(c) hydrogenation step of paraldol to obtain 1,3-butylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst;
characterized in that water is charged into the aldoxane decomposition column in step (b).
As described in the explanation of the first aspect, the distillate [stream (C)] from the top of the aldoxane decomposition column (1-3) contains from 60 to 95% by weight of acetaldehyde, from 5 to 30% by weight of water, from 1 to 10% by weight of croton aldehyde which are generated by decomposition of aldoxane and from 1 to 5% by weight of various other compounds.
And, the removal of water would inevitably result in an increase in the viscosity of the solution [stream (B)] containing paraldol which is a desired compound discharged from the bottom of the decomposition column (1-3). In order to prevent an increase in the viscosity, water is charged into the aldoxane decomposition column (1-3), resulting in decreasing the viscosity of the solution [stream (B)].
The water to be charged into the aldoxane decomposition column (1-3) may be fresh water and/or the water [stream (G)] discharged from the bottom of the acetaldehyde-refining column (1-4).
Operating temperature of the condenser (1-4-3) can be adjusted depending upon the operating pressure. Operating pressures are from 400 to 800 Torr. For examples, in the case that the operating pressure is 400 Torr, generally a temperature range from 20.degree. to 55.degree. C., preferably of from 30.degree. to 40.degree. C. is maintained.
In the case that the temperature is less than 20.degree. C., acetaldehyde cannot be sufficiently separated and recovered.
On the other hand, in the case that the temperature is more than 55.degree. C., water cannot be sufficiently condensed in the condenser (1-4-3).
The viscosity of the solution [stream (B)] is over approximately several hundreds centi-poise at ordinary temperatures in the case of small amounts of the recovered water [i.e. in the case of a water content of approximately 5 wt % in the stream (B)].
And further, in the case of a water content of approximately 0.1 wt % in the stream (B), it would often crystalize at ordinary temperatures, resulting in being unsuitable for practical operation.
Accordingly, the water content range in the stream (B) should be generally maintained at more than 5 wt %, preferably at more than 10 wt %, more preferably at more than 20 wt %.
For example, in the case of a water content of approximately 20 wt % in the stream (B), the viscosity of the solution [stream (B)] is approximately from 50 to 60 centi-poise at ordinary temperatures, resulting in it being suitable for practical operation without problems.
Water [stream (G)] newly charged or recirculated into the aldoxane decomposition column (1-3) in order to decrease the viscosity of the stream (B) is removed in the water distillation column (3-1) after the removal of the alcohols described below.
In accordance with a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided an improved process for the preparation of 1,3-butylene glycol by steps (a), (b) and (c);
(a) aldol condensation step of acetaldehyde in the presence of an alkali catalyst to obtain a crude reaction solution primarily containing aldoxane, acetaldehyde, water and small amounts of croton aldehyde;
(b) thermal decomposition step of aldoxane to obtain paraldol while distilling off a distillate containing acetaldehyde, water and small amounts of croton aldehyde from the crude reaction solution;
(c) hydrogenation step of paraldol to obtain 1,3-butylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst;
characterized in that fresh water is charged into the top of a distillation column while removing water after having removed ethanol and butanol from a crude 1,3-butylene glycol solution containing ethanol and butanol obtained in said hydrogenation step (c).
A crude 1,3-butylene glycol solution obtained in the hydrogenation step (c) usually contains ethanol, butanol, water, salts generated in neutralization tank (1-2) other than 1,3-butylene glycol which is the desired product. Accordingly, ethanol and butanol have been firstly removed and then water has been removed by distillation while being partially refluxes at the top of the distillation column, followed by removing the salts, the high-boiling-point ingredients and low-boiling-point ingredients, resulting in being capable of obtaining a 1,3-butylene glycol product [e.g. described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication N.cndot. 156738/1988].
However, odor-causing impurities cannot be sufficiently removed only by the above-mentioned conventional water distillation, undesirably resulting in being incapable of obtaining an odorless 1,3-butylene glycol product at a high-yield.
An odorless 1,3-butylene glycol can be prepared at a high-yield through the combination of the third aspect of the present invention with the removal of the salts, the high-boiling-point ingredients and low boiling-point ingredients.
In FIG. 3, 3-1 is a water-distillation column, 3-2 is a salts-removing column (e.g. a thin-layer evaporator), 3-3 is a column for removing the high-boiling-point ingredients, 3-4 is a column for removing low-boiling-point ingredients.
A crude 1,3-butylene glycol solution after the removal of alcohols primarily containing 1,3-butylene glycol, water, the high-boiling-point ingredients, the low-boiling-point ingredients ansd salts is charged into the water-distillation column (3-1).
Although a perforated plate column and a bubble-cap column, etc. are to be preferably used as the water-distillation column (3-1), there can be more preferably used a packed column having low-pressure loss, in which a packing material is contained such as Sultzer-packing or Melapack (a trade name of Sumitomo Heavy Industries), etc. in order to maintain the distillation temperatures to as low as possible, which otherwise would cause the thermal decomposition of 1,3-butylene glycol above 200.degree. C. resulting in adversely affecting it with regard to odor [described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication n.cndot. 156738/1988).
Furthermore, subjecting 1,3-butylene glycol to heated conditions for a long time (retention time) would also result in adversely affecting it with regard to odor.
Accordingly, preferably used is a reboiler having a short retention time in the side of process fluids, for example, a thin-layer evaporator such as a naturally falling-film type thin-layer evaporator or a force-scraping type thin-layer evaporator, etc.
The third aspect of the present invention is characterized in that fresh water is charged into the top portion of the column (3-1) while distilling off water. The fresh water may include tap water, preferably pure water (e.g. deionized water), and more preferably distilled water from the view point of an advanced refining process.
A crude 1,3-butylene glycol after removing the alcohols has to be charged into the vicinity of a middle portion of the water-distillation column (3-1). When the portion is excessively higher, the concentration of 1,3-butylene glycol in the distillate increases, unpreferably resulting in the loss of 1,3-butylene glycol.
On the other hand, when it is excessively lower, the water content in the liquid discharged from the bottom of the column (3-1) would unpreferably increase. The liquid which includes 1,3-butylene glycol containing salts and high-boiling ingredients is discharged from the bottom of the column (3-1), and then it is transferred to a salts-removing column (3-2).
The amount of the fresh water to be charged into the top portion of the water-distillation column (3-1) is from 1 to 200 parts by weight, preferably from 5 to 50 parts by weight based on the amount of the crude liquid to be charged.
In the case when it is less than 1 part, impurities which adversely affect the odor of a 1,3-butylene glycol product cannot be sufficiently removed. On the other hand, in the case when it is more than 100 parts, although the impurities can be sufficiently removed, the thermal energy load in the reboiler would unpreferably increase.
Reflux in the top of the water-distillation column (3-1) may be carried out or not. In the case that reflux is not carried out, the fresh water is preferably charged into the vicinity of the top of the water-distillation column (3-1).
On the other hand, in the case that reflux is carried out, the fresh water is preferably charged into the vicinity of a middle portion of the water-distillation columne (3-1).
The fresh water at room temperature can be charged without any problems.
The pressures of the top of the water-distillation column (3-1) are generally reduced pressures of less than 100 Torr, preferably 20 to 60 Torr.
In the case that the pressures are less than 20 Torr, the cooling energy load in a condenser would unpreferably increase.
When the water distillation and the charging of the fresh water are carries out at the above-mentioned pressures, the temperatures in the distillation column would be inevitably kept within a range of 20.degree. to 40.degree. C. at the bottom portion of the column.
As described above, compounds which are removed due to being accompanied by the newly charged fresh water primarily include butanol, 2-ethylbutanol, 2,4-dimethyldioxane, etc. which are produced as by-products in a hydrogenation reaction of the crude solution primarily containing aldoxane and paraldol.
As a result of the removal, the purity and yield of a 1,3-butylene glycol product are improved, resulting in effectively obtaining a high quality 1,3-butylene glycol not containing odor-causing ingredients.
In the following, although Synthesis Examples, Examples and Comparative Examples are described in order to more specifically illustrate the present invention, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the Examples.

USES:
Shampoos, body washes, acne treatments, facial cleaner, cosmetics, anti-aging creams, flavors, nail polish, sunscreens.

OCCURENCE:
In biology, 1,3-butanediol is used as a hypoglycaemic agent. 1,3-Butanediol can be converted into β-hydroxybutyrate and serve as a substrate for brain metabolism.
1,3-Butanediol has been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as green bell peppers, orange bell peppers, pepper (c. annuum), red bell peppers, and yellow bell peppers.
1,3 Butanediol, also referred to as 1,3-Butylene glycol, maintains FDA GRAS status as a flavor molecule.

APPEARANCE:
Clear, colorless, syrupy liquid, essentially odorless.

DESCRIPTION:
Butylene Glycol, are clear, practically colorless, liquids. In cosmetics and personal care products, these ingredients are used in the formulation of hair and bath products, eye and facial makeup, fragrances, personal cleanliness products, and shaving and skin care products.
Butylene glycol is a conditioning agent for skin & hair. It adds moisture and conditions hair and skin.
It also works as a solvent, keeping other ingredients, dyes, and pigments from clumping up inside of a solution.
1,3 Butylene Glycol is used for Growth hormone production, Muscle growth, Insomnia and other conditions.

Uses:
1,3 Butylene Glycol is used for the treatment, control, prevention, & improvement of the following diseases, conditions and symptoms:
Growth hormone production
Muscle growth
Insomnia disease

What Is Butylene Glycol?
Butylene glycol is an organic alcohol derived from petroleum and is water-soluble.
For cosmetic purposes, it comes in a liquid form and is found in countless skincare products such as cleansers, moisturizers, and masks, as well as makeup and haircare products.
Butylene glycol has many different roles in skincare formulations (it's a humectant, solvent, and emollient).
It's used as an alternative to the more commonly known controversial ingredient propylene glycol.
1,3 Butylene Glycol is a petroleum product.
It is colorless and is often used as a solvent, product thinning agent or skin conditioner.
1,3 Butylene Glycol is an organic chemical, a component to decrease viscosity.
Also 1,3-Butylene Glycol is a polymer component / intermediate.
1,3-Butylene Glycol is commonly used as a solvent for fragrances and flavouring agents and is a co-monomer used in certain polyester and polyurethane resins.
1,3-Butanediol (also known as 1,3-butylene glycol, butane-1,3-diol, or 1,3-dihydroxybutane) is a diol used as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of polyester plasticizers and other products.
1, -Butylene Glycolfinds some use as a solvent for flavorings and as a humectant in pet foods, and cosmetics.
1,3-Butylene Glycol is one of four stable structural isomers of butanediol.
In biology, 1,3-Butanediol is used as a hypoglycaemic agent.
1,3-Butanediol can be converted into ß-hydroxybutyrate and serve as a substrate for brain metabolism.As international economic situation is complicated, in the next few years there will be many uncertainties although.
There are few companies enter into 1,3-Butanediol industry due to the business opportunities.
The current demand for 1,3-Butanediol product is relatively low in the mature market, such as Europe and North America, but the demand in China is relatively higher due to the continuous development of downstream industries.
The global production of the 1,3-Butanediol reaches 23358 MT in 2016; the growth rate range is about 6.64% to 4% during the last five years.
Although sales of 1,3-Butanediol brought a lot of opportunities, the study group recommends the new entrants who just having money but without technical advantage and downstream support, do not to enter into the 1,3-Butanediol field hastily.
Global 1,3-butylene Glycol (CAS 107-88-0) market size will increase to 120 Million USD by 2025, from 83 Million USD in 2018, at a CAGR of 5.3% during the forecast period.
In this study, 2018 has been considered as the base year and 2019 to 2025 as the forecast period to estimate the market size for 1,3-butylene Glycol (CAS 107-88-0).
This report researches the worldwide 1,3-butylene Glycol (CAS 107-88-0) market size (value, capacity, production and consumption) in key regions like United States, Europe, Asia Pacific (China, Japan) and other regions.
This study categorizes the global 1,3-butylene Glycol (CAS 107-88-0) breakdown data by manufacturers, region, type and application, also analyzes the market status, market share, growth rate, future trends, market drivers, opportunities and challenges, risks and entry barriers, sales channels, distributors and Porter's Five Forces Analysis.
1,3-butylene Glycol (CAS 107-88-0) market identifies the increase in RandD of therapeutic vaccines as one of the prime reasons driving the 1,3-butylene Glycol (CAS 107-88-0).
Market growth during the next few years. Also, increased disease diagnostic modalities, and increasing research on combination therapies will lead to sizable demand in the market.
Butylene Glycol (1,3-butanediol) is organic alcohol (diol - contains two hydroxy groups) derived from natural renewable raw materials, a multifunctional ingredient included in formulas as a humectant, carrier, antiseptic, solvent, humectant, preservative booster, and emollient.
1,3-butanediol is a food-grade ingredient found in various peppers used as a flavoring agent in the food industry, thanks to its bitter taste.
1,3-butanediol is a widely used ingredient, and it isn't easy to find a modern formula that doesn't contain Butylene glycol.
Thanks to the perfect solubilizing property, 1,3-Butanediol is used in many water-based applications as an alternative to glycerin and propylene glycol or combined with those solvents, improving their efficiency. It is ideal for dispersing essential oils, wetting pigments in decorative cosmetics, and clarifying formulas containing surfactants.

Product information:
Substance name: 1,3-Butanediol, 1,3 Butylene Glycol
EC no: 203-529-7
Cas No: 107-88-0
Reach registration No: 01-2119455875-25
Formula: C4H10O2

Synonyms: 1,3 BG / 1,3-butanediol,(+/-)- / 1,3-butanediol,anhydrous,(+/-)- / 1,3-butyleneglycol / 1,3-dihydroxybutane / 1-methyl-1,3-propanediol / beta-butyleneglycol / butane-1,3-diol / butylene glycol (= 1,3-butanediol) / methyltrimethylene glycol

Hazardous information
UN Number: N/A
Un Proper Shipping name: N/A
Class: N/A
Packing group: N/A

FUNCTION:
1,3 Butylene Glycol is used as solvents and viscosity decreasing agents in cosmetics and personal care products.

STORAGE:
Keep containers tightly closed ina col, well-ventilaed place.
Handle and open container with care. Keep at temperatures betwe n 15 and 27 øC (60 and 80 øF).

Cosmetic Uses:
Fragrance
Humectants
Skin conditioning
Solvents
Viscosity controlling agents

CAS Number:107-88-0
Other(deleted CASRN):18826-95-4
ECHA EINECS - REACH Pre-Reg:203-529-7
FDA UNII:3XUS85K0RA
Nikkaji Web:J5.066K
Beilstein Number:1731276
MDL:MFCD00004554
XlogP3-AA:-0.40 (est)
Molecular Weight:90.12210000
Formula:C4 H10 O2

Appearance:colorless clear liquid (est)
Assay:95.00 to 100.00 % sum of isomers
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity:1.00400 to 1.00700 @ 20.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).:8.364 to 8.389
Refractive Index:1.43900 to 1.44100 @ 20.00 °C.
Melting Point:-50.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point:207.50 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure:0.020100 mmHg @ 25.00 °C.
Vapor Density:3.2 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point:228.00 °F. TCC ( 108.89 °C. )
logP (o/w):-0.290

1,3-Butylene glycol having a purity of ≥98% is purified by the continuous distillation in the presence of water under reduced pressure (using a combination of a distillation column having low pressure drop and a thin-film evaporator).
The characteristic smell remaining slightly in the raw material can be completely eliminated by this process.
The water added to the system is preferably pure water or distilled water, and its amount is 5W50pts.wt. per 100pts.wt. of the raw material.
The water may be added to the raw material before distillation or to the system through separate line.
The column bottom temperature of the distillation column is preferably ≤130°C (corresponding to 40mmHg pressure), and the reboiler is preferably the one having short retention time of the process side stream (e.g. spontaneously flowing thin-film evaporator).

This product is intended for laboratory use only, and it is not meant for human consumption.
Accurate Mass: 90.0681
Analyte Name: 1,3-Butanediol
Country of Origin: GERMANY
IUPAC: butane-1,3-diol
Product Format: Neat
Product Type: API; Excipient; Impurity
1,3-Butylene Glycol is manufactured from bio-based renewable resources adhering to the commitment of connecting the world with nature.
1,3-Butanediol is used as a raw material and approved by ECOCERT GREENLIFE and conforms to the ECOCERT & COSMOS standards.
Alternative solvent to Propylene Glycol or Glycerol superior in technological and biological effects.
Viscosity decreasing.
As humectant, it prevents the drying out of cosmetics.
1,3-Butanediol Prevents crystallization of insolubles.
Compared with Glycerol, Sorbitol, and Propylene Glycol, more efficient polyol as antimicrobial agent.
inhibits gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms as well as molds and yeasts, but is not sporicidal.
All polyols need a contact period of at least one week to exert their effect as preservatives.
optimal antimicrobial effect when e.g. added to an oil in water emulsion at 8 %.
1,3-Butanediol has been shown to inhibit growth of escherichia coli, sal. typhiosa and pseudomonas aeruginosa, whereas funghi areinhibited only above 17 %.
1,3-Butylene glycol (1,3-BG) is widely used in cosmetics, including low-irritant skin care products and topical medicaments, as an excellent and low-irritation humectant.
Fragrance; Humectant; Solvent; Skin conditioning; Viscosity Controlling, Butylene Glycol is a polyols, very widely used in cosmetics.
Hydrophilic moisturizing ingredients often used in cleansing cream, but the real effect of Butylene Glycol it dissolve the dirt, avoid drying too quickly during remove stage.
Butylene Glycol is a small molecule moisturizing ingredients, which hold water in the stratum corneum, the effect of hygroscopic is not very clear.
The CIR concluded that Butylene Glycol are safe for use in cosmetics and personal care products.
Solvent, food additive, and flavoring, and for plasticizers and polyurethanes.
A colorless liquid made by catalytic hydrogenation of aldol (3-hydroxy-n-butyradehyde).
1,3-Butanediol's most important use is as an intermediate in the manufacture of polyester plasticizers.
1,3-Butylene Glycol is commonly used as a solvent for food flavoring agents and as a co-monomer in certain polyester resins.
1,3 Butylene Glycol is used for Growth hormone production, Muscle growth, Insomnia and other conditions.

DESCRIPTION:
Butane-1,3-diol acts as an emollient, humectant and solubilizer.
Butane-1,3-diol offers light feel and provides conditioning & functionality to the skin and the hair.
Butane-1,3-diol is used for its high penetrating ability, for it is known to help deliver skin actives to the skin.
Butane-1,3-diol is used in cosmetic and personal care products.
The present invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of 1 ,3-butylene glycol.
In particular, the present invention relates to the improvements of a process for the preparation of 1,3-butylene.
Butane-1,3-diol having high quality (e.g. odorless) at a high yield.

BENEFITS:
1,3-Butanediol also acts a powerful humectant which drives moisture from the lower skin tissue to the surface.
This helps skin hydration and reduces aging symptoms.
Butylene glycol can also act as a solvent for other water-soluble ingredients to mix and form a homogenous cream.

PROPERTIES:
Humectant capability
Moisturizing Agents
Antimicrobials
Emollients
moisturizing
softness
bio-based
light feeling

Formula: C4H10O2
Molecular weight: 90.1210
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C4H10O2/c1-4(6)2-3-5/h4-6H,2-3H2,1H3
InChI version 1.06
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 107-88-0

Substituents:
Secondary alcohol
Hydrocarbon derivative
Primary alcohol
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Market Overview:
1,3-butylene glycol market generated an estimated $161.3 million revenue in 2021, and the market size will advance at a CAGR of over 5.9% during 2021–2030, primarily due to the increasing demand for this chemical from the cosmetics industry.
Apart from this, the demand for the material is booming in the food, pharmaceutical, paints & coatings, inks, and plasticizer industries.
Essentially, the growth in the demand for pharmaceutical-grade of this chemical from these industries is driving the market growth.
As a result of the slowdown in manufacturing activities in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand for 1,3-butylene glycol dropped.
Furthermore, countries with a higher dependence on the import of 1,3-butylene glycol were impacted, as the global demand is met by APAC countries, such as China and Japan, which were likely to increase the price of the chemical in order to mitigate losses.
Moreover, the rise in logistics costs also resulted in an increase in the price of 1,3-butylene glycol.
However, the market is expected to recover with the expected increase in the demand for cosmetics & personal care products, as people’s disposable income is gradually growing.
1,3butylene glycol (CAS 107880) Market report helps to provide best results for business improvement and business growth and to get consumer reaction to new products or services.
1,3butylene glycol market research study (CAS 107880) includes in-depth data on the number of large companies involved in the market, supply chain/value chain trends, corporate finance, technological advancements, and key discovery & development, acquisitions & mergers, joint ventures, prime areas of focus, investment, and market presence.
The research studies provide important data such as market revenue, growth rate and industry share of the target market, as well as other information such as current drivers, macro trends and constraints, as well as favorable prospects for major industry players.
1,3butylene glycol (CAS 107880) market has been segmented by application, product type, region and country.

Pharmaceutical-Grade 1,3-Butylene Glycol Witnesses Higher Consumption:
The pharmaceutical grade of the chemical is used more, based on product.
This is because pharmaceutical-grade 1,3-butylene glycol is a popular chemical solvent in cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and food production.
The chemical finds application in pharmaceuticals due to its antibacterial properties.
When compared to similar organic compounds, such as glycerol, propylene glycol, and sorbitol, 1,3-butylene glycol is a more-effective antimicrobial agent, helping in the inhibition and removal of yeast, mold, and gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
Therefore, the high demand for the base chemical from the cosmetics & personal care, food, and pharmaceutical industries leads to the higher consumption of its pharmaceutical grade.

Hot Revenue Pocket:
The market outlook for this market is rather promising, as its production volume and demand are expected to grow in the coming decade.
The existing production capacity may have to increase significantly, which brings opportunities for investors who want to invest in manufacturing platforms to gain scale in certain geographies.
This will ultimately increase the sale of 1,3-butylene glycol as it is one of the most-important ingredients in the cosmetics industry.
Moreover, due to the large population of countries such as India and China, they are expected to emerge as major healthcare and cosmetics markets in the coming years.
As a result, companies in the pharmaceutical industry are investing heavily in these nations, which is expected to result in the growth of the 1,3-butylene glycol market.
The pharmaceutical grade accounted for over 80% share in terms of both volume and value in the APAC market in 2021, driven by the increasing number of cosmetic product approvals, high investments in research and development, and rising per capita income.

Usage of Chemical as Emollient To Witness Fastest Growth:
The usage of the chemical is expected to rise the fastest as an emollient, based on function.
Emollients are frequently used to treat dry, itchy, and scaly skin caused by conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, and ichthyosis.
They also coat the skin with a thin oily film that seals in the moisture. Moreover, aid in the prevention of inflammatory patches and flare-ups of these conditions.

Cosmetics & Personal Care Products Are Largest Application Area of 1,3-Butylene Glycol:
The chemical finds the widest application in the cosmetics & personal care products industry.
Here, 1,3-Butanediol is used as a humectant, masking agent, skin conditioning agent, viscosity controller, and solvent.
1,3-Butanediol forms a barrier to prevent the drying out of or loss of moisture from these products.
1,3-Butanediol also helps in preventing the crystallization of the insoluble components, which makes it a preferred compound for cosmetic and personal care applications.

Driven by Large Consumer Base, APAC Generates Highest Revenue from 1,3 Butylene Glycol Sale:
Globally, the APAC region dominates the 1,3-butylene glycol market, and it is expected to remain the largest consumer of the material in the future as well.
The tremendous demand for this chemical in the emerging economies of the region is expected to propel the global market.
The growing demand for cosmetic & personal care products, such as body moisturizing lotions, sunscreen lotions and creams, face washes, hair styling gels, and makeup for men and women, fuels the APAC market's expansion, which is encouraging players to take steps to leverage this demand.
For Instance, in October 2019, Daicel Corporation expanded its distribution agreement with Genomatica Inc. by entering into an exclusive sales agreement to promote and sell the latter’s Brontide natural 1,3-butylene glycol in the APAC region.
The success of the initial partnership, combined with Genomatica’s large-scale commercial production of Brontide since January 2019, encouraged both companies to expand their relationship to an exclusive sales agreement.

To Widen Their Customer Base Market Producers Involving in Partnerships and Facility Expansions:
1,3-butylene glycol market players are announcing partnerships in order to expand their product portfolio and advance their technology.
For Instance, In May 2020, Genomatica Inc. and Glenn LLC, an Azelis Americas subsidiary, jointly announced Glenn LLC as the exclusive distributor of Genomatica’s Brontide natural butylene glycol in the U.S.
In June 2019, Daicel Corporation announced the construction of a new production facility for 1,3-butylene glycol at its Aboshi plant in Japan.
The new facility was completed in September 2020 and the shipping of the products commenced in October 2020.
In November 2018, Genomatica Inc. announced a distribution partnership with Viachem Ltd., a U.S.-based specialty chemical and ingredient distributor.
The partnership enabled Viachem Ltd. to market, sell, and distribute Genomatica’s natural Brontide butylene glycol in the personal care market of North America.

Key Players in 1,3-Butylene Glycol Market:
Daicel Corporation
KH Neochem Co. Ltd.
Genomatica Inc.
Godavari Biorefineries Ltd.
OQ Chemicals GmbH
Haihang Industry Co. Ltd.
Market Size Breakdown by Segments
The 1,3-butylene glycol market report offers comprehensive market segmentation analysis along with market estimation for the period 2017–2030.

Based on Product:
Pharmaceutical Grade
Industrial Grade

Based on Function:
Humectant
Emollient
Stabilizer
Intermediate

Based on Application:
Cosmetic & Personal Care Products
Food Products

DESCRIPTION:
Butylene Glycol acts as an emollient, humectant and solubilizer.
1,3-Butylene Glycol offers light feel and provides conditioning & functionality to the skin and the hair.
Butylene glycol is used for its high penetrating ability, for it is known to help deliver skin actives to the skin.
1,3-Butylene Glycol is used in cosmetic and personal care products.

BENEFITS:
1,3-Butylene Glycol also acts a powerful humectant which drives moisture from the lower skin tissue to the surface.
This helps skin hydration and reduces aging symptoms.
Butylene glycol can also act as a solvent for other water-soluble ingredients to mix and form a homogenous cream.

PROPERTIES
Humectant capability
Moisturizing Agents
Antimicrobials
Emollients
Moisturizing
Softness
Bio-based
Light feeling
Products with Butylene Glycol:
AHC Serum Aqualuronic
AOA Studio A+ Setting Spray
Aprilskin Calendula Pha Peel Pads
Aprilskin Real Calendula Deep Moisture Essence
BONAJOUR Green Tea Essential
Be Minimalist Hair Growth Actives 18%
Biore Self Heating One Minute Mask With Charcoal
CSI Vitamin C + 12% Youth Serum
Cezzane Skin Conditioner
Chemist Confessions The Specialist 18% Mandelic Acid Treatment
Cremorlab T.E.N. Cremor Fresh Water Gel
Defenage 2-minute Reveal Masque
Dermalogica Awaken Peptide Eye Gel
First Lab Probiotic Pore Tightening Essence
Formula 10.0.6 Turn Up The Heat Self-Warming Clay Mask Charcoal + Ginger
Hale Stay Toned Essence Toner
KIKO Milano Bright Lift Night
KIKO Milano Hydra Pro Eyes
LANEIGE Cream Skin Refiner Mist
Melano CC Anti Spot Whitening Essence
Moremo Water Treatment Miracle
Murad Environmental Shield - Rapid Age Spot Correcting Serum
NudeStix Nudeskin Tight + Bright Face Mask
NudeStix Tight And Bright Face Mask
OXY Emergency Wash
Origins No Offense Alcohol And Aluminum Free Deodorant
Purito Fermented Complex 94 Boosting Essence
Purito Fermented Complex 94 Boosting Essence
Purito Fermented Complex 94 Boosting Essence
Purito Fermented Complex 94 Boosting Essence
Regaliz Folirich Hair Growth Serum
Rohto Skin Aqua Tone Up Uv Essence Mint Green
Shiseido Tsubaki Extra Moist Conditioner
Skin&Lab E Plus Moisturizing
SkinMTX Comedone Ati-clear Lotion
Skinfood Garden Bean Gentle Serum Cleanser
VMV HYPOALLERGENICS Illuminants + Cleansing Cream
Youth Lab Brightening Vit-C Serum
iS Clinical Brightening Serum
iWhite Korea Recovery Sleeping Gel Mask
+FUL Retinol 1% Serum
+FUL Vitamin C 15% Serum
1004 Laboratory ATVT Bifida 88% Hexa Layer Fermentation Skin
1004 Laboratory ATVT PHA AC Peeling Toner Pad
107 Dewy Glow Serum Mist
107 Everyday Plump Hydro Cream
11Huesday Pha Refining V. Ceramide
23 Years Old Badecasil D
23 Years Old Badecasil P
23 Years Old Badecasil P-Original

SYNONYMS
1,3-butanediol
1,3-butylene glycol
1,3-butylene glycol, (14)C-labeled
1,3-butylene glycol, (DL)-isomer
1,3-butylene glycol, (R)-isomer
1,3-butylene glycol, (S)-isomer
1,3-butandiol
1,3-butane diol
Butane-1,3-diol
(±)-1,3-butanediol
1,3-butanediol natural
(±)-1,3-butylene glycol
Beta-butylene glycol
1,3-butylene glycol FCC
1,3-butylenglykol
1,3-dihydroxybutane
Methyl trimethylene glycol
1-methyl-1,3-propane diol
1-methyl-1,3-propanediol
Methyltrimethylene glycol
1,3-BG (Cosmetic Quality)
(RS)-1,3-Butandiol
1,3 Butylene glycol
1,3-Butandiol
1,3-Butylene glycol
1,3-Butylenglykol
1,3-Dihydroxybutane
1-Methyl-1,3-propanediol
beta-Butylene glycol
Methyltrimethylene glycol
b-Butylene glycol
Β-butylene glycol
Butylene glycol
(+/-)-1,3-butanediol
(.+/-.)-1,3-butanediol
(R)-(-)-Butane-1,3-diol
(R)-1,3-Butanediol
(S)-(+)-1,3-Butanediol
(S)-(+)-Butane-1,3-diol
(S)-1,3-Butanediol
1,3-Butanodiol
BD
Butane-1,3-diol
DL-1,3-Butanediol
1,3-Butanediol