PRODUCTS

1-NONANECARBOXYLIC ACID

1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is a ten-carbon, straight-chain saturated fatty acid naturally found in coconut oil, palm kernel oil, and the milk of various mammals, particularly goats.
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is widely used in the cosmetic, food, beverage, and pharmaceutical industries, and also serves as an intermediate in the manufacture of lubricants, plastics, perfumes, and other industrial products.
The name 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid comes from the Latin “caper” or “capra” (goat) due to its characteristic pungent odor reminiscent of goats.

CAS Number: 334-48-5
EC Number: 206-376-4
Chemical Formula: C10H20O2
Molecular Weight: 172.27 g/mol

Synonyms: Decanoic acid, capric acid, 334-48-5, n-Decanoic acid, n-Capric acid, Decoic acid, Decylic acid, Caprinic acid, n-Decylic acid, 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid, Caprynic acid, n-Decoic acid, Hexacid 1095, decanoate, Econosan Acid Sanitizer, NSC 5025, FEMA No. 2364, C10:0, Dekansaeure, Emery 659, Kaprinsaeure, CCRIS 4610, HSDB 2751, EINECS 206-376-4, UNII-4G9EDB6V73, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 128955, BRN 1754556, 4G9EDB6V73, Lead caprate, DTXSID9021554, Prifac 296, CHEBI:30813, AI3-04453, Prifac 2906, NSC-5025, MFCD00004441, Lunac 10-95, Lunac 10-98, PRIFAC-2906, DTXCID201554, PALMAC-99-10, NSC5025, caprynate, decoate, decylate, 4-02-00-01041 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), n-caprate, n-decoate, n-decylate, NCGC00091320-02, 1-nonanecarboxylate, Decanoic acid anion, DKA, CH3-(CH2)8-COOH, CH3-[CH2]8-COOH, Versatic 10, CAS-334-48-5, caprinsaure, decansaure, Decansaeure, Docansaure, Decatoic acid, 1-decanoic acid, nonanecarboxylic acid, fatty acid 10:0, Prifrac 296, Prifrac 2906, bmse000370, SCHEMBL2682, WLN: QV9, MLS002415724, IS_D19-DECANOIC ACID, (1(1)(3)C)Decanoic acid, CHEMBL107498, GTPL5532, NAA 102, HMS2267B15, Tox21_113533, Tox21_202209, Tox21_300366, LMFA01010010, s6906, STL445666, AKOS000119623, CS-W016025, DB03600, FA 10:0, HY-W015309, NCGC00091320-01, NCGC00091320-03, NCGC00091320-04, NCGC00091320-05, NCGC00254437-01, NCGC00259758-01, AS-14704, BP-27911, FA(10:0), SMR001252255, SY061635, D0017, FT-0665532, FT-0665533, EN300-19724, C-1095, C01571, D70225, A875289, Q422613, W-202368, Z104474944, B1334-066368, 98230577-0D20-4F70-B532-00AC60132CFE

1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is a saturated fatty acid, medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA), and carboxylic acid.
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is formula is CH3(CH2)8COOH.

Salts and esters of 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid are called caprates or decanoates.
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is a straight-chain saturated fatty acid and a medium-chain fatty acid.

1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is a conjugate acid of a decanoate.
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid derives from a hydride of a decane.

1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is a saturated fatty acid that belongs to a class of organic compounds known as medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs).
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is a saturated fatty acid with a 10-carbon backbone.

1-Nonanecarboxylic acid occurs naturally in coconut oils, palm kernel oil, and the milk of cow/goat.
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is most commonly used in the cosmetic and personal care, food/beverage, and pharmaceutical industries.

1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is also used as an intermediate in chemical syntheses.
Furthermore, 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is used in organic synthesis and in the manufacture of lubricants, greases, rubber, plastics, and dyes.

1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is a medium-chain fatty acid found in saturated fats.
Small amounts are present in cow's milk and goat's milk, but 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is abundant in tropical oils such as coconut oil and palm kernel oil.
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is a fatty acid that is found naturally in coconut and breast milk.

This saturated fatty acid, also known as octanoic acid, is also present in butter and palm oil.
Find out about the health benefits of caprylic acid and 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid.
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid, is a saturated fatty acid.

1-Nonanecarboxylic acid occurs naturally in coconut oil (about 10%) and palm kernel oil (about 4 %), otherwise it is uncommon in typical seed oils.
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is found in the milk of various mammals and to a lesser extent in other animal fats.
Two other acids are named after goats: caproic (a C6 fatty acid) and caprylic (a C8 fatty acid).

Along with 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid, these total 15 % in goat milk fat.
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is a ten-carbon, saturated fatty acid.
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is present in palm kernel, coconut fat and in milk fat.

Reported found in apple, beer, preferments of bread, butter, oil, cheese, blue cheese, Romano cheese, cheddar cheese, Roquefort cheese, roasted cocoa bean, cognac, muscat grape, grape musts and wine, and other natural sources.
Also reported in citrus peel oils, orange juice, apricots, guava, papaya, strawberry, butter, yogurt, milk, mutton, hop oil, Bourbon and Scotch whiskey, rum, coffee, mango and tea.
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is helpful in the attenuation of oxidative stress.

1-Nonanecarboxylic acid in ketogenic diet is involved in mitochondrial biogenesis thereby enhancing the citrate synthase and complex I activity of electron transport chain.
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid has strong antiviral and antimicrobial properties.

1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is converted into monocaprin in the body, where it can help combat viruses, bacteria and the yeast Candida albicans.
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is a short-chain, saturated acid occurring naturally in palm and coconut oils, as well as certain types of milk.

1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is used for a variety of industrial and manufacturing processes.
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is commonly derived from both vegetable and animal sources.

1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is mainly obtained from fractionation of a lauric-type oil.
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid obtained has a freezing point of 31 ° C.
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is solid at room temperature, white opaque and with a characteristic pungent odor.

Fractionated fatty acids are mainly applied to the manufacture of: Amines, esters, fatty alcohols, peroxides, fragrances, flavors, surface finishing, lubricants, metal soaps, cosmetics, animal feed, paper, plastics, detergents, chemicals, resins and coatings.
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is a member of the series of fatty acids found in oils and animal fats.
The names of caproic, caprylic, and 1-Nonanecarboxylic acids are all derived from the word caper (Latin for goat).

These fatty acids are light yellowish transparent oily liquids with a sweaty, unpleasant aroma that is reminiscent of goats.
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is used in the manufacture of esters for artificial fruit flavors and perfumes.

1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is also used as an intermediate in chemical syntheses.
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is used in organic synthesis and industrially in the manufacture of perfumes, lubricants, greases, rubber, dyes, plastics, food additives and pharmaceuticals.

1-Nonanecarboxylic acid occurs naturally in coconut oil (about 10%) and palm kernel oil (about 4%), otherwise it is uncommon in typical seed oils.
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is found in the milk of various mammals and to a lesser extent in other animal fats.

1-Nonanecarboxylic acid, caproic acid (a C6:0 fatty acid) and caprylic acid (a C8:0 fatty acid) account for about 15% of the fatty acids in goat milk fat.
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid may be responsible for the mitochondrial proliferation associated with the ketogenic diet, which may occur via PPARgamma receptor agonism and the targeting of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis.

The term 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is derived from the Latin "caper / capra" (goat) because the sweaty, unpleasant smell of the compound is reminiscent of goats.
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid occurs naturally in coconut oil (about 10%) and palm kernel oil (about 4%), otherwise it is uncommon in typical seed oils.
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is found in the milk of various mammals and to a lesser extent in other animal fats.

Two other acids are named after goats: caproic (a C6 fatty acid) and caprylic (a C8 fatty acid).
Along with 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid, these total 15% in goat milk fat.
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid can be prepared from oxidation of primary alcohol dacanol by using chromium trioxide (CrO3) oxidant under acidic conditions.

Neutralization of 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid or saponification of its esters, typically triglycerides, with sodium hydroxide will give sodium decanoate.
This salt (CH3(CH2)8COO−Na+) is a component of some types of soap.

1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is used in the manufacture of esters for artificial fruit flavors and perfumes.
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is also used as an intermediate in chemical syntheses.

1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is used in organic synthesis and industrially in the manufacture of perfumes, lubricants, greases, rubber, dyes, plastics, food additives and pharmaceuticals.
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is naturally found in various animal and plant sources.

1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is a component of certain fats and oils, including coconut oil, palm oil, and goat's milk.
In these natural sources, 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is typically present as a part of triglycerides (fats).

1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is often used in the cosmetics and personal care industry for its emollient and moisturizing properties.
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid can be found in skincare products, lotions, creams, and hair care products to provide hydration and softness to the skin and hair.

1-Nonanecarboxylic acid can contribute to the flavor and aroma of certain foods.
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid has a slightly fruity and creamy taste and is used in flavoring agents for confectionery and dairy products.

Some proponents of alternative medicine and certain dietary approaches suggest that MCFAs, including 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid, may have health benefits.
They are sometimes included in nutritional supplements for potential benefits related to metabolism and energy.

1-Nonanecarboxylic acid can be prepared from oxidation of primary alcohol decanol, by using chromium trioxide (CrO3) oxidant under acidic conditions.
Neutralization of 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid or saponification of its esters, typically triglycerides, with sodium hydroxide will give sodium decanoate.
This salt (CH3(CH2)8COO-Na+) is a component of some types of soap.

1-Nonanecarboxylic acid reacts exothermically to neutralize bases.
Can react with active metals to form gaseous hydrogen and a metal salt.
May absorb enough water from the air and dissolve sufficiently in 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid to corrode or dissolve iron, steel, and aluminum parts and containers.

Reacts with cyanide salts or solutions of cyanide salts to generate gaseous hydrogen cyanide.
Reacts exothermically with diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, and sulfides to generate flammable and/or toxic gases.
Can react with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), to generate flammable and/or toxic gases and heat.

Reacts with carbonates and bicarbonates to generate a harmless gas (carbon dioxide).
Can be oxidized exothermically by strong oxidizing agents and reduced by strong reducing agents; a wide variety of products is possible.
May initiate polymerization reactions or catalyze (increase the rate of) reactions among other materials.

1-Nonanecarboxylic acid acts as a non-competitive AMPA receptor antagonist at therapeutically relevant concentrations, in a voltage- and subunit-dependent manner, and this is sufficient to explain its antiseizure effects.
This direct inhibition of excitatory neurotransmission by 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid in the brain contributes to the anticonvulsant effect of the MCT ketogenic diet.
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid and the AMPA receptor antagonist drug perampanel act at separate sites on the AMPA receptor, and so it is possible that they have a cooperative effect at the AMPA receptor, suggesting that perampanel and the ketogenic diet could be synergistic.

1-Nonanecarboxylic acid may be responsible for the mitochondrial proliferation associated with the ketogenic diet, and that this may occur via PPARγ receptor agonism and its target genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis.
Complex 1 activity of the electron transport chain is substantially elevated by 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid treatment.
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid should however be noted that orally ingested medium chain fatty acids would be very rapidly degraded by first-pass metabolism by being taken up in the liver via the portal vein, and are quickly metabolized via coenzyme A intermediates through β-oxidation and the citric acid cycle to produce carbon dioxide, acetate and ketone bodies.

Whether the ketones, β-hydroxybutyrate and acetone have direct antiseizure activity is unclear.
Medium-chain fatty acids like 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid have been studied for their antimicrobial properties.
They are believed to have the ability to disrupt the lipid membranes of certain microorganisms, potentially making them useful in applications related to food preservation and antimicrobial products.

1-Nonanecarboxylic acid and other MCFAs are metabolized differently than long-chain fatty acids.
They can be more rapidly absorbed and used as an energy source.
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is a medium-chain fatty acid (=MCFA) abundant in tropical oils such as coconut oil, whereas small amounts are present in milk of goat, cow, and human.

The MCFAs are virtually nonexistent in meats because animals oxidize them very rapidly from plants consumed, and do not accumulate in the tissues.
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is a medium-chain fatty acid found in saturated fats (cow butter, and plant oils like coconut oil).
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is a major constituent of the MCT ketogenic diet, providing about 40% of the medium chain fat within the diet.

The acid is discussed to have positive effect on seizure control through direct AMPA receptor inhibition and on mitochondrial diseases through the binding to PPARgamma.
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid readily crosses the blood-brain barrier, probably by a combination of diffusion and saturable carrier-mediated transport via a medium-chain fatty acid transporter.

Market Overview of 1-Nonanecarboxylic Acid:
The global 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid market, currently valued at approximately USD 180–260 million, is projected to reach around USD 330–385 million by 2030–2032, reflecting a compound annual growth rate of 3–7%.
Growth is driven by 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid's diverse applications in the food industry as a flavoring and emulsifier precursor, in cosmetics and personal care as a natural emollient and surfactant, and in pharmaceuticals for antimicrobial activity and drug delivery enhancement.

Rising consumer demand for natural, plant-derived ingredients, particularly in Asia-Pacific where raw materials like coconut and palm kernel oil are abundant, further supports market expansion.
However, price volatility of raw materials and strict regulatory requirements in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical sectors remain key challenges for producers.

Uses of 1-Nonanecarboxylic Acid:
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is a saturated medium-chain fatty acid naturally present in coconut oil, palm kernel oil, and dairy fat, widely valued for its multifunctional properties.
In the food industry, 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is used as a flavoring agent, an emulsifier precursor, and a component of medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oils to provide rapid energy.

In cosmetics and personal care products, 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid serves as an emollient, surfactant, and a base for esters that enhance skin feel and absorption.
In pharmaceuticals, 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid exhibits antimicrobial and antifungal activity, improves drug solubility in delivery systems, and supports ketogenic therapy.

Industrially, 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is applied in the production of plasticizers, lubricants, biodegradable surfactants, and as a chemical intermediate.
In agriculture, 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is incorporated into animal feed to improve digestion and control harmful microbes, further highlighting its broad utility.

1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is used in the manufacture of esters for artificial fruit flavors and perfumes.
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is also used as an intermediate in chemical syntheses.

1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is used in organic synthesis and industrially in the manufacture of perfumes, lubricants, greases, rubber, dyes, plastics, food additives and pharmaceuticals.
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is used in the preparation of ammonium decanoate (a surfactant) and for the preparation of disperse phase.

1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is used in cosmetics, skincare products, and hair care items due to its emollient and moisturizing properties.
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid helps soften the skin and hair, providing hydration and a smooth texture.

1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is employed in the fragrance industry to contribute to the aroma of certain scents.
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid can have a slightly creamy and fruity aroma, making it useful in creating fragrance compounds.

1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is utilized in the food industry as a flavoring agent.
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid imparts a slightly fruity and creamy taste and is often found in confectionery products and dairy items.
In some pharmaceutical formulations, 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is used as a binder or excipient to help bind the ingredients in tablets and capsules.

Medium-chain fatty acids like 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid are known for their potential antimicrobial properties.
They can disrupt the lipid membranes of certain microorganisms, which makes them useful in food preservation and antimicrobial products.

1-Nonanecarboxylic acid, along with other medium-chain fatty acids, is sometimes included in dietary supplements.
These supplements are promoted for their potential health benefits, such as improving metabolism and providing a quick source of energy.

1-Nonanecarboxylic acid has applications in biotechnology and cell culture as a component of cell culture media for the growth and maintenance of certain cell types.
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid can be used in the production of industrial lubricants due to its properties as a fatty acid.

In the mining industry, 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid and other fatty acids are used as flotation agents to help separate minerals from ore.
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid can be used as a reagent in chemical synthesis for various reactions.
Some polymers may incorporate 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid in their structure for specific properties.

1-Nonanecarboxylic acid, in combination with other fatty acids, is used as an emulsifier in the food industry.
Emulsifiers help mix ingredients that do not naturally combine, such as oil and water, to create stable and uniform food products.

1-Nonanecarboxylic acid can enhance the overall flavor and aroma of certain food products.
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is sometimes used in the formulation of bakery products, chocolates, and other confectioneries.

1-Nonanecarboxylic acid, as a medium-chain fatty acid, is considered a potential dietary source of energy for those following a ketogenic diet.
The diet aims to promote the use of fat for energy rather than carbohydrates.

Some nutritional and weight management products contain 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid due to its potential to promote feelings of fullness and aid in weight management.
In intimate and personal care products, 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is used as a lubricant to enhance comfort and reduce friction.

1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is considered more environmentally friendly than some other chemicals, and it can be found in biodegradable and "green" products, including detergents, soaps, and cleaning agents.
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is used in some applications as a foaming agent to create stable foam in products like shaving creams, bath products, and cleaning solutions.

1-Nonanecarboxylic acid can act as a solvent for various substances, making it useful in cleaning agents and degreasers.
In the craft industry, 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is used in the production of candles and wax products to modify the properties of wax.

Food Industry:

Flavoring agent:
Gives creamy, fatty, and slightly waxy flavor notes to dairy products, baked goods, and confectionery.

Emulsifier precursor:
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is used to make mono- and diglycerides that stabilize sauces, dressings, and non-dairy creamers.

Nutritional supplement:
As part of medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oils for rapid energy metabolism in sports nutrition or medical diets.

Cosmetics & Personal Care:

Emollient:
Softens and smooths skin in lotions and creams.

Surfactant:
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is used in soaps, shampoos, and cleansers for mild foaming.

Ester production:
Reacts with alcohols to make 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid esters (e.g., isopropyl decanoate), which improve spreadability and absorption in skincare products.
Common in lipsticks, makeup removers, deodorants, and sunscreens.

Pharmaceutical Applications:

Antimicrobial and antifungal agent:
Inhibits certain bacteria and fungi (often combined with caprylic acid).

Drug delivery systems:
Medium-chain fatty acids improve solubility and absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs.

Ketogenic therapy:
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid can help induce ketosis in epilepsy management diets.

Industrial Uses:
Plasticizer and lubricant:
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is used in PVC processing, rubber manufacturing, and lubricants for machinery.

Intermediate in synthesis:
Starting material for esters, amides, and metal salts (decanoates) used as stabilizers or catalysts.

Bio-based alternative:
In making biodegradable surfactants and detergents.

Agriculture:
Incorporated into animal feed to improve digestion and reduce pathogenic bacteria in livestock.
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is used in certain insect repellents and feed flavor enhancers.

Benefits of 1-Nonanecarboxylic Acid:
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid offers several notable benefits across industries due to its chemical structure and functional properties.
In the food sector, 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid serves as a natural flavoring agent and contributes to stable emulsions, while its inclusion in medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oils provides a quick, easily metabolized energy source without significant fat storage.

In cosmetics and personal care, 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid acts as an effective emollient, leaving the skin soft and smooth, and its derivatives improve product texture, spreadability, and absorption.
In the pharmaceutical field, 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid exhibits antimicrobial and antifungal properties, supports drug solubility, and plays a role in ketogenic therapy for certain neurological conditions.

Industrial applications benefit from its use in producing biodegradable surfactants, lubricants, and specialty chemicals, while in agriculture, 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid promotes animal gut health and reduces harmful microbes.
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid's natural origin and biodegradability also make it an environmentally friendly alternative to certain synthetic chemicals.

Production of 1-Nonanecarboxylic Acid:
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid is primarily produced through the isolation and fractionation of natural oils rich in medium-chain fatty acids, most commonly coconut oil and palm kernel oil, which naturally contain about 5–10% 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid.

Raw Material Sourcing:
Coconut oil and palm kernel oil are the main industrial sources.
Occasionally obtained from goat milk fat and other dairy fats in smaller quantities.

Extraction Process:

Oil Pretreatment:
Crude oil is cleaned, filtered, and sometimes degummed to remove impurities.

Hydrolysis (Fat Splitting):
The triglycerides in the oil are hydrolyzed with high-pressure steam or enzymatic catalysts to release glycerol and free fatty acids.

Reaction:
Triglyceride+3H2Oheat/enzymesGlycerol+3Fatty Acids

Fractional Distillation:
The resulting free fatty acids are separated based on boiling points under vacuum conditions.
Medium-chain fatty acids like 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid are distilled and collected in their purity range.

Purification:
Further refined by molecular distillation or crystallization to achieve high-purity 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid (≥98%).

Alternative Production Routes:

Chemical Synthesis (rare, more expensive):
Oxidation of 1-decanol or other C10 hydrocarbons.

Biotechnological Methods:
Using microbial fermentation of specific feedstocks, still in research and niche use.

Final Form:
Marketed as a clear to pale yellow liquid at warm temperatures or white crystalline solid at room temperature.
Packed in drums, IBCs, or bulk tanks depending on customer needs.

History of 1-Nonanecarboxylic Acid:
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid, has been recognized for over a century, with its name derived from the Latin word caper meaning “goat,” because it is a significant component of the characteristic odor and flavor of goat’s milk and other dairy fats.
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid was first identified in the 19th century during the chemical analysis of milk fats, when chemists began isolating and classifying fatty acids based on their chain length and physical properties.

Early production was limited to small-scale extraction from dairy sources, but with the development of large-scale oil processing in the early 20th century—particularly from coconut and palm kernel oils—1-Nonanecarboxylic acid became commercially viable.
By the mid-1900s, advances in fractional distillation and fat-splitting technologies allowed for high-purity isolation, which expanded its use from flavoring and food additives into cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and industrial chemicals.
In recent decades, rising interest in natural, plant-derived ingredients and the growth of the medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil market have further boosted demand, positioning 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid as both a traditional and modern multifunctional fatty acid in global trade.

Handling and Storage of 1-Nonanecarboxylic Acid:

Handling:
Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing.
Prevent inhalation of dust, vapor, or mist.

Use only in well-ventilated areas.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling.

Storage:
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place away from heat and direct sunlight.
Keep container tightly closed and clearly labeled.
Avoid strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, and strong acids.

Stability and Reactivity of 1-Nonanecarboxylic Acid:

Chemical Stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.

Reactivity:
Normally unreactive; may react with strong oxidizing agents.

Conditions to Avoid:
Excessive heat, sparks, open flames.

Incompatible Materials:
Strong oxidizers (e.g., peroxides, nitric acid), strong bases.

Hazardous Decomposition Products:
Carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO₂) when burned.

First Aid Measures of 1-Nonanecarboxylic Acid:

Inhalation:
Move person to fresh air.
Seek medical attention if symptoms persist.

Skin Contact:
Wash with soap and water.
Remove contaminated clothing.
Seek medical help if irritation develops.

Eye Contact:
Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do.

Continue rinsing.
Get medical advice if irritation persists.

Ingestion:
Rinse mouth.
Do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel.
Seek immediate medical attention.

Firefighting Measures of 1-Nonanecarboxylic Acid:

Suitable Extinguishing Media:
Foam, dry chemical, carbon dioxide (CO₂), or water spray.

Special Hazards:
Combustible; may emit irritating fumes on burning.

Protective Equipment for Firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and full protective gear.

Specific Firefighting Methods:
Cool containers with water spray to prevent overheating.

Accidental Release Measures of 1-Nonanecarboxylic Acid:

Personal Precautions:
Use personal protective equipment.
Avoid breathing vapors.
Ensure adequate ventilation.

Environmental Precautions:
Prevent entry into sewers, waterways, or soil.

Spill Cleanup Methods:
Absorb spill with inert material (sand, vermiculite).
Place in suitable container for disposal according to local regulations.
Clean area thoroughly with water and detergent.

Exposure Controls / Personal Protective Equipment of 1-Nonanecarboxylic Acid:

Engineering Controls:
Use local exhaust ventilation if vapor or mist is generated.

Eye Protection:
Safety glasses with side shields or chemical splash goggles.

Skin Protection:
Nitrile or neoprene gloves; protective clothing as needed.

Respiratory Protection:
If ventilation is inadequate, use an approved respirator (organic vapor type).

General Hygiene:
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.
Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.

Identifiers of 1-Nonanecarboxylic Acid:
Chemical Name: 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid
Chemical Formula: C₁₀H₂₀O₂
Molecular Weight: 172.27 g/mol
CAS Number: 334-48-5
EC Number (EINECS): 206-376-4
PubChem CID: 2969
UN Number: Not classified as dangerous for transport (no UN number)
HS Code: 2915.70 (for saturated acyclic monocarboxylic acids)
InChI: InChI=1S/C10H20O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10(11)12/h2-9H2,1H3,(H,11,12)
InChI Key: GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: CCCCCCCCCC(=O)O

CAS Number: 334-48-5
EC Number: 206-376-4
PubChem CID: 2969
UNII: JJ86P2CBJO
FEMA Number: 2364
RTECS Number: Not specifically assigned for 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid
Beilstein Registry Number: 1721910
MDL Number: MFCD00002899

Chemical Formula: C₁₀H₂₀O₂
Molecular Weight: 172.27 g/mol
Exact Mass: 172.1463 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 172.1463 g/mol
InChI: InChI=1S/C10H20O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10(11)12/h2-9H2,1H3,(H,11,12)
InChI Key: GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Canonical SMILES: CCCCCCCCCC(=O)O
Isomeric SMILES: CCCCCCCCCC(=O)O

Properties of 1-Nonanecarboxylic Acid:
Melting point: 27-32 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 268-270 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.893 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor pressure: 15 mm Hg ( 160 °C)
refractive index: 1.4169
FEMA: 2364 | DECANOIC ACID
Flash point: >230 °F
storage temp.: room temp
solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
pka: 4.79±0.10(Predicted)
form: Crystalline Solid
color: White
PH: 4 (0.2g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Odor: Odorless
Odor Type: fatty
Viscosity: 6mm2/s
Water Solubility: 0.15 g/L (20 º C)
Merck: 14,1758
JECFA Number: 105
BRN: 1754556
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with bases, reducing agents, oxidizing agents.
LogP: 4.1 at 20℃

Chemical Formula: C₁₀H₂₀O₂
Molar Mass: 172.27 g/mol
Appearance: White crystalline solid or colorless to pale yellow liquid (depending on temperature)
Odor: Faint, unpleasant, “goaty” odor
Taste: Oily, fatty taste
Melting Point: 30–32 °C
Boiling Point: 268–269 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: ~148 °C (closed cup)
Autoignition Temperature: ~395 °C
Density: 0.88 g/cm³ at 20 °C
Refractive Index (n20/D): ~1.418
Vapor Pressure: 0.01 mmHg at 25 °C
Solubility in Water: Insoluble (<0.15 g/L at 20 °C)
Solubility in Organic Solvents: Soluble in ethanol, ether, chloroform, benzene, acetone, and most oils
Partition Coefficient (log P): ~4.09
pKa: ~4.9 (at 25 °C, acidic proton of carboxyl group)
Viscosity: ~5.4 mPa·s at 40 °C
Surface Tension: ~27 mN/m at 20 °C
Heat of Combustion: ~ -6,560 kJ/mol