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AHA Alpha Hydroxy Acids is a combination of alpha hydroxy acids in a water-soluble liquid form.
AHA Alpha Hydroxy Acids can be used in mild exfoliating, moisturising, and applications that improve skin appearance.
AHA Alpha Hydroxy Acids does not have a single CAS number because it is a broad group of organic acids rather than a single chemical compound.
Glycolic acid: CAS [79-14-1]
Lactic acid: CAS [50-21-5]
Mandelic acid: CAS [90-64-2]
Citric acid: CAS [77-92-9]
Malic acid: CAS [6915-15-7]
Tartaric acid: CAS [87-69-4]
Glycolic acid
Glycolic acid is the smallest alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA).
Glycolic acid is mainly supplemented to various skin-care products to improve the skin’s appearance and texture.
Glycolic acid can also reduce wrinkles, acne scarring, and hyperpigmentation.
In textile industry, Glycolic acid can be used as a dyeing and tanning agent.
Glycolic acid can also be used as a flavoring agent in food processing, and as a skin care agent in the pharmaceutical industry.
Glycolic acid can also be added into emulsion polymers, solvents and ink additives to improve flow properties and impart gloss.
Moreover, Glycolic acid is a useful intermediate for organic synthesis including oxidative-reduction, esterification and long chain polymerization.
Glycolic acid, CH20HCOOH, also known as hydroxyacetic acid, is composed of colorless deliquescent leaflets that decompose at approximately 78° C (172 OF).
Glycolic acid is soluble in water,alcohol,and ether.
Glycolic acid is used in dyeing, tanning, electropolishing,and in foodstuffs.
Glycolic acid is produced by oxidizing glycol with dilute nitric acid.
In the processing of textiles, leather, and metals; in pH control, and wherever a cheap organic acid is needed, e.g. in the manufacture of adhesives, in copper brightening, decontamination cleaning, dyeing, electroplating, in pickling, cleaning and chemical milling of metals.
A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid where the methyl group has been hydroxylated.
Lactic acid
Lactic acid is the most widely occurring organic acid in nature.
Due to its chiral a-carbon atom, Lactic acid has two enantiomeric forms.
Of these, Lactic acid is more important in food and pharmaceutical industries because humans have only L-lactate dehydrogenase.
The chemical behavior of lactic acid is mostly determined by the two functional groups.
Besides the acidic character in aqueous medium, the bifunctionality (a terminal carboxylic acid and a hydroxyl group) allows lactic acid molecules to form ‘‘interesters’’ such as the cyclic dimers, the trimers, or longer lactic acid oligomers.
Lactic acid, CH3CHOHCOOH, also known as 2-hydroxypropanoic acid, is a hygroscopic liquid that exists in three isometric forms.
Lactic acid is found in blood and animal tissue as a product of glucose and glycogen metabolism.
Lactic acid is obtained by fermentation of sucrose (corn refining), The racemic mixture is present in foods prepared by bacterial fermentation or prepared synthetically.
Lactic acid is soluble in water,alcohol,and ether.
Lactic acid is used as a solvent, in manufacturing confectionery, and in medicine.
Lactic Acid is an acidulant that is a natural organic acid present in milk, meat, and beer, but is normally associated with milk.
Lactic acid is a syrupy liquid available as 50 and 88% aqueous solutions, and is mis- cible in water and alcohol.
Lactic acid is heat stable, nonvolatile, and has a smooth, milk acid taste.
Lactic acid functions as a flavor agent, preservative, and acidity adjuster in foods.
Lactic acid is used in spanish olives to prevent spoilage and provide flavor, in dry egg powder to improve disper- sion and whipping properties, in cheese spreads, and in salad dress- ing mixes.
Mandelic acid
White rhomboidal crystals, decompose when exposed to light.
Soluble in ether and isopropanol, soluble in ethanol and water; R-form melting point is 133°C, [α]-159.73° (ethanol), gradually racemic at 160°C. S-form melting point is 133.8°C, [α]+156.57° (water).
Mandelic acid may be used as an analytical reference standard for the determination of DL-mandelic acid in:
Human urine samples by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with ultraviolet (UV) detector.
Rat urine samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with selected ion monitoring (SIM) detection.
Mandelic acid is a 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which two of the methyl hydrogens are substituted by phenyl and hydroxyl groups.
Mandelic acid has a role as an antibacterial agent and a human xenobiotic metabolite.
Mandelic acid is a 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid and a member of benzenes.
Mandelic acid derives from an acetic acid.
Mandelic acid is a conjugate acid of a mandelate.
Exists in stereoisomeric forms.
The properties are those of the dl-form.
Citric acid
Citric acid is a white, crystalline, weak organic acid present in most plants and many animals as an intermediate in cellular respiration.
Citric acid contains three carboxyl groups making it a carboxylic, more specifically a tricarboxylic, acid.
The name citrus originates from the Greek kedromelon meaning apple of melon for the fruit citron.
Greek works mention kitron, kitrion, or kitreos for citron fruit, which is an oblong fruit several inches long from the scrublike tree Citrus medica.
Lemons and limes have high citric acid content, which may account for up to 8% of the fruit's dry weight.
Citric acid is soluble 66 % in water, 33% in alcohol, 3% in ether.
Soluble about 20% in Propylene glycol.
Virtually odorless.
The aqueous solution has a clean acid taste, pleasant in the concentration of 0.02 to 0.08%. Citric acid is a weak organic acid with the formula C6H8O7.
Citric acid is a natural preservative / conservative and is also used to add an acidic, or sour, taste to foods and soft drinks.
In biochemistry, the conjugate base of citric acid, citrate, is important as an intermediate in the citric acid cycle, which occurs in the metabolism of all aerobic organisms.
Citric acid is a commodity chemical, and more than a million tonnes are produced every year by fermentation.
Citric acid is used mainly as an acidifier, as a flavoring, and as a chelating agent.
Citric Acid is an acidulant and antioxidant produced by mold fermentation of sugar solutions and by extraction from lemon juice, lime juice, and pineapple canning residue.
Citric acid is the predominant acid in oranges, lemons, and limes.
Citric acid exists in anhydrous and monohydrate forms. the anhydrous form is crystallized in hot solutions and the monohydrate form is crystallized from cold (below 36.5°c) solutions.
Citric acid has a solubility of 146 g and monohydrate citric acid has a solubility of 175 g/100 ml of distilled water at 20°c.
A 1% solution has a ph of 2.3 at 25°c.
Citric acid is a hygroscopic, strong acid of tart flavor.
Citric acid is used as an acidulant in fruit drinks and carbonated beverages at 0.25-0.40%, in cheese at 3-4%, and in jellies.
Citric acid is used as an antioxidant in instant potatoes, wheat chips, and potato sticks, where it prevents spoilage by trapping the metal ions.
Citric acid is used in combination with antioxidants in the processing of fresh frozen fruits to prevent discoloration.
Malic acid
Malic acid is a 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.
Malic acid has a role as a food acidity regulator and a fundamental metabolite.
Malic acid is a 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid and a C4-dicarboxylic acid.
Malic acid derives from a succinic acid.
Malic acid is a conjugate acid of a malate(2-) and a malate.
Malic acid, HOOCCH(OH).CH2COOH, also known as hydroxysuccinic acid, is a colorless solid.
Malic acid is soluble in water and alcohol.
Malic acid exists in two optically active forms and a racemic mixture.
Malic acid is used in medicine and found in apples and other fruits.
The naturally occuring isomer is the L-form which has been found in apples and many other fruits and plants.
Selective α-amino protecting reagent for amino acid derivatives.
White or nearly white, crystalline powder or granules having a slight odor and a strongly acidic taste.
Malic acid is hygroscopic.
The synthetic material produced commercially in Europe and the USA is a racemic mixture, whereas the naturally occurring material found in apples and many other fruits and plants is levorotatory.
Tartaric acid
Tartaric acid belongs to the group of carboxylic acids, and is abundantly found in grapes and wine.
Tartaric acid is widely used in drugs, food, and beverage industry.
Tartaric acid occurs as colorless monoclinic crystals, or a white or almost white crystalline powder.
Tartaric acid is odorless, with an extremely tart taste.
Tartaric acid is a naturally occurring chemical compound found in berries, grapes and various wines.
Tartaric acid provides antioxidant properties and contributes to the sour taste within these products.
In the soft drink industry, confectionery products, bakery products, gelatin desserts, as an acidulant.
In photography, tanning, ceramics, manufacture of tartrates.
The common commercial esters are the diethyl and dibutyl derivatives used for lacquers and in textile printing.
Pharmaceutic aid (buffering agent).
