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EC / List no.: 235-223-4
CAS no.: 12135-76-1
Mol. formula: H8N2S
Ammonium sulfide, also known as the "stink bomb" is made up of a solution of ammonium sulfide in water, sealed inside a glass ampoule (a small bottle-like container used to store a liquid securely).
When the ampoule is broken, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide gases are released from the solution.
These chemicals have a very strong and unpleasant smell.
Ammonium sulfide is a very toxic chemical. Ammonium sulfide is also explosive and highly flammable.
Ammonium sulfide is added to cigarettes.
Ammonium sulfide is an unstable ammonium salt with the formula (NH4)2S.
Ammonium sulfide is a yellowish solid, stable below -18 °C.
As the hydrosulfide ion cannot be deprotonated to an appreciable amount by ammonia (pKa = 15), ammonium sulfide solutions also contain free ammonia and ammonium hydrosulfide (NH4)SH.
Ammonium sulfide is a 40-48wt.% solution in water.
Ammonium sulfide is an inorganic salt with a sulfurous odor, which is commonly used in the food industry as a flavoring agent.
The influence of ammonium sulfide treatment on (100)GaAs (gallium arsenide) surfaces has been studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED).
Its potential as an alternative to hydrogen sulfide for the transformation of activated amides to thioamides by thiolysis has been investigated.
The reaction of ammonium sulfide with 3-hydroxy-2-butanone over a range of temperature has been reported to form various flavor compounds.
Application of Ammonium Sulfide
Ammonium sulfide solution may be used to enhance the performance of type-II InAs/GaSb super lattice photodiodes by surface passivation technique.
Ammonium sulfide aqueous solution is a colorless to yellow liquid, with an odor of rotten eggs or ammonia.
Material in aqueous from the hydrosulfide which with acid forms H2S.
Ammonium sulfide may be irritating to skin, eyes and mucous membranes and may cause illness from skin absorption.
Ammonium sulfide may burn and/or emit toxic fumes if heated to high temperatures.
Yellow crystals that are unstable at room temperature or in the presence of moisture. Ammonium sulfide is sold commercially as a liquid that is primarily composed of ammonium bisulfide, NH4HS. Ammonium sulfide is used in photographic developers, in the manufacture of textiles, and to produce a dark patina on brasses and bronzes.
Methods of Manufacturing
Reaction of hydrogen sulfide with an excess of ammonia.
Use and Manufacturing
To apply patina to bronze, and in trace metal analysis
Photography (developers), coloring brasses, bronzes, iron control in soda ash production, synthetic flavors
Used by the textile industry
General Manufacturing Information
The ammonium sulfide of commerce is largely ammonium bisulfide or hydrosulfide, NH4HS.
A game repellent containing 40-44% ammonium sulfide protected Douglas fir nurseries against deer damage.
Properties
Chemical
Ammonium sulfide will tarnish silver, by forming a layer of silver sulfide on its surface.
Physical
Ammonium sulfide is a yellowish solid compound at low temperatures, but unstable above -18 °C, with a very strong and highly unpleasant smell of rotten eggs.
Ammonium sulfide is very soluble in water and ammonia, as well as alcohols.
Availability
Ammonium sulfide can be encountered as solution in "stink bombs".
Preparation
Can be made by bubbling ammonia through an aqueous solution of hydrogen sulfide.
For higher purity, dry hydrogen sulfide is bubbled through anhydrous ammonia.
This procedure is very dangerous and should ONLY be performed in well ventilated areas, preferably in some place far away from civilization.
Projects
Ammonium sulfide can be a good source of concentrated hydrogen sulfide for many reactions, however, due to its instability it's recommended to perform experimentation only in well ventilated places and proper protection must be worn at all times.
Make lead sulfide
Stink bomb
Selective reducing agent for some alkaloids
Chemical Properties
yellow to orange fuming liquid
Ammonium sulfide is a yellow crystalline (sugar or sand-like) material, commonly found in liquid solution, which is flammable.
Solution has an odor of rotten eggs.
The distinct ammonical/sulfurous odor of ammonium sulfide makes it a valuable flavor ingredient.
Ammonium sulfide is used in baked goods, meat products, condiments and gravies.
Physical properties
Unstable, decomposes at ambient temperature; forms yellow crystals below -18°C; hygroscopic; soluble in water and alcohol, very soluble in liquid ammonia.
Uses
To apply patina to bronze, in photographic developers, in textile manufacture, in trace metal analysis.
General Description
Ammonium sulfide aqueous solution is a colorless to yellow liquid, with an odor of rotten eggs or ammonia.
Material in aqueous from the hydrosulfide which with acid forms H2S.
Ammonium sulfide may burn and/or emit toxic fumes if heated to high temperatures.
Air & Water Reactions
Readily oxidized to be pyrophoric in air.
Ammonium sulfide is slowly decomposed by moisture giving off hydrogen sulfide, a flammable gas.
Heat is generated when the pure compound is first dissolved in water.
Industrial uses Ammonium sulfide (NH4)2S is a liquid with an obnoxious odor and because of this, it is not normally used in mineral processing.
However, this is the most effective depressant for bornite and covellite.
Essentially, (NH4)2S dissolves excess sulfur from the mineral surface, that allows other depressants to adsorb onto the mineral surface.
In copper–lead separation, from a bulk concentrate containing covellite and bornite, (NH4)2S can effectively be used together with cyanide.
Description
Colorless to yellow solid below -18 deg C; Decomposes above this temperature;
Available as colorless to yellow solution with an odor of rotten eggs;
40-44% aqueous solution is yellow liquid with a stench;
Sources/Uses
Used to apply patina to bronze, for iron control in soda ash production, and to make ammonium thiosulfite; Also used in trace metal analysis, photographic developers, metallurgy, textiles, synthetic flavors, and "cold wave sets";
Used to make surfactants and photocopy paper;
Comments
A strong skin and mucous membrane irritant
Inhalation may result in dizziness and bronchial pneumonia (500 ppm for 30 min) and death (600 ppm for 30 min); Skin absorption may result in hydrogen sulfide poisoning; Deaths have been reported following application of permanent wave solution;
The oxidation of ammonium sulfide and ammonium sulfite with compressed oxygen in aqueous ammonia soultion was studied in order to confirm the formation of ammonium sulfamate.
Ammonium sulfite is easily oxidized to ammonium thiosulfate through polysulfides with oxygen and further to ammonium sulfamate and ammonium sulfate.
Suitable conditions for producing ammonium sulfamate were found to be: initial concentration of ammonium sulfide 2.0 mol/l, temperature 100°C, concentration of ammonia 12 mol/l, concentration of cupric ion 0.1 mol/l and oxygen pressure 50 kg/cm2.
Though ammonium sulfite is wholly oxidized to ammonium sulfate under the same conditions, it is partially oxidized to ammonium sulfamate besides sulfate in the presence of cupric ion under high concentration of ammonia.
The mode of oxidation might differ from that of ammonium thiosulfate, ammonium sulfide and elemental sulfur because of no formation of polythionate as an intermediate.
Ammonium sulfide solution is an unstable salt.
Ammonium sulfide is a reagent that is used in large scale applications such as textile manufacture, the production of photographic developers, the application of patina to bronze, and trace metal analysis.
Additional applications of this compound include cell culture, organic chemical synthesis, and immunohistochemistry.
Ammonium sulfide is also used in continuous culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Ammonium sulfide has been utilized in a double staining technique for visualization of astrocytes and microglia from brain sections and astroglial cell cultures
Application Notes
Ammonium sulfide is a reagent that is used in large scale applications such as textile manufacture, the production of photographic developers, the application of patina to bronze, and trace metal analysis.
Additional applications of this compound include cell culture, organic chemical synthesis, and immunohistochemistry.
Ammonium sulfide is also used in continuous culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Ammonium sulfide has been utilized in a double staining technique for visualization of astrocytes and microglia from brain sections and astroglial cell cultures.
Usage Statement
Unless specified otherwise, MP Biomedical's products are for research or further manufacturing use only, not for direct human use.
For more information, please contact our customer service department.
Ammonium sulphide or ammonium sulfide is a chemical compound that is composed of sulphur and ammonium ions.
Ammonium sulfide is more commonly known as a “stink bomb” because of its explosive properties.
The IUPAC name of the compound is ammonium sulfide and the formula of ammonium sulfide is given as (NH4)2S.
The ammonium sulfide molar mass can be determined from the ammonium sulfide chemical formula (or ammonium sulphide chemical formula) 68.154 g/mol.
Due to the two ammonium ions present in the ammonium sulphide formula, it is also sometimes commonly known as Diammonium sulfide.
General Properties of Ammonium Sulphide
The ammonium sulfide is commonly known as a “stink bomb” because it is highly flammable and explosive in nature and has a very pungent smell or odour owing to its constituents as can be determined from the formula of ammonium sulphide.
At temperatures above -18℃, the ammonium sulfide compound exists in the form of crystals but exists as a liquid at room temperatures. The crystals of ammonium sulfide are generally seen yellow in colour.
The structural formula of ammonium sulfide which is given below shows the arrangement of two ammonium ions around a central sulphur atom as can be known from the molecular formula of ammonium sulphide.
Ammonium sulphide is not produced naturally.
There are no known natural sources of ammonium sulphide.
This can also be because this compound is highly toxic and is dangerous to the environment.
Typically ammonium sulphide is formed by the treatment of ammonium hydroxide with excess hydrogen sulfide which can be gauged from the ammonium sulphide formula.
This forms ammonium hydrosulfide, NH4HS, as an intermediate product.
Further treating the above-obtained ammonium hydrosulfide with the same quantity of ammonia leads to the formation of ammonium sulfide.
Due to this sometimes people also search the ammonium sulfide chemical formula as ammonia sulfide formula, which is definitely a wrong name.
The ammonium sulphide equation or ammonium sulfide equation for the above reaction can be given as:
The stink bomb that is the ammonium sulphide solution is generally made up of a solution of ammonium sulphide in water and sealed inside a glass ampoule (a small mini-bottle-like container used for secure storing of a liquid).
As the ampoule is broken ammonia and hydrogen sulfide gases are released from the solution giving a strong and unpleasant smell.
Ammonium sulfide decomposes at an ambient temperature.
Ammonium sulfide is soluble in water but more soluble in alcohol and highly soluble in liquid ammonia.
Ammonium sulfide is a highly toxic chemical and hence should be handled carefully.
Ammonium sulfide is highly corrosive in nature and as mentioned, dangerous for the environment.
Ammonium sulfide is known to cause irritation of the skin, eyes, and mucous. The pungent odour can make someone feel nauseous.
Due to its high flammability, it is to be kept away from fire or other flammable liquids and substances as it can be disastrous.
Other compounds that have similar properties are ammonium polysulphides. For example, Diammonium trisulphide is an ammonium polysulphide compound having two ammonium ions and three sulphide ions as constituents.
Hence, the ammonium polysulfide formula will be dependent on the number of sulfide ions present along with the ammonium ions.
Uses of Ammonium Sulfide
The most common application of ammonium sulphide is in the manufacturing of photographic developers.
Ammonium sulfide is also widely used in the textile industry.
Ammonium sulfide is also used for the application of the patina to bronze which means a thin layer typically of green colour formed on the surface of bronze due to oxidation.
Ammonium sulfide is also used as an additive reagent in cigarettes in small quantities.
Furthermore, it is extensively used as a reducing agent, a property that can be understood from the ammonium sulphide formula in specific organic synthesis methodologies.
Ammonium sulfide, also known as diammonium sulfide, is an unstable salt with the formula (NH₄)₂S. Aqueous solutions purporting to contain this salt are commercially available.
With a pKₐ exceeding 15, the hydrosulfide ion cannot be deprotonated to an appreciable amount by ammonia.
Thus, such solutions mainly consist of a mixture of ammonia and SH.
Ammonium sulfide solutions are used occasionally in photographic developing, to apply patina to bronze, and in textile manufacturing.
Also, due to its offensive smell, it is the active ingredient in a variety of foul pranks including the common stink bomb.
Ammonium sulfide ((NH4)2S) is a colorless gas created by the reaction of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia.
Ammonium Sulfide Solution is an unstable salt with the formula (NH4)2S.
Common uses of AMMONIUM SULFIDE are industrial applications including photo developing and textile manufacturing.
As an ACS grade quality reagent, its chemical specifications are the de facto standards for chemicals used in many high-purity applications and typically designate the highest quality chemical available for laboratory use.
Spectrum Chemical manufactured Reagent ACS grade products meet the toughest regulatory standards for quality and purity.
Ammonium Sulfide Formula
Ammonium Sulfide is an inorganic compound in nature.
We distinguish it as an ionic compound. You can also refer to it as azaniumylsulfanylazanium or diammonium sulfide.
This compound is quite significant for the photography and textile industry.
Ammonium sulfide is so because it has its common usage as a solution in developing photographs and manufacturing of textile.
Let’s learn further about Ammonium Sulfide Formula below.
Ammonium Sulfide Formula and Structure
The formula for Ammonium Sulfide is written as (NH4)2S.
Similarly, the molar mass of Ammonium Sulfide is 66.122 g mol-1. If we talk about the formation of this molecule, we see that it forms with the help of 1 centred sulfur atom to which 2 ammonium cations NH4+ attach.
Further, one can write the chemical structure of the formula as below, in the common representations which we use for organic molecules.
Occurrence
Ammonium sulfide is proven that Ammonium Sulfide does not naturally occur in nature as a free compound.
On the contrary, one must prepare it and the method for preparing this compound is as follows:
In order to prepare Ammonium Sulfide, one needs to get the reaction of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide.
HS + exc NH3 → (NH4)2S
Physical Properties
The compound of Ammonium Sulfide is yellow-orange in colour.
At temperatures below -18 ºC, it is crystalline solid.
Further, if we talk about how it smells, it has quite an unpleasant smell which is similar to that of rotten eggs and ammonia odor.
Further, the melting point of Ammonium Sulfide is 0 °C whereas the boiling point is 40 °C.
In addition to this, the density of Ammonium Sulfide is 1 g mL-1. Ammonium sulfide is also soluble with two things which are water and ethanol.
Similarly, the thing it is not soluble with is toluene, benzene, hexane, and ether.
Most importantly, it is unstable at temperatures that go higher than 0 ºC.
Chemical Properties
Ammonium sulfide is not that hard to find and one can generally find it in mixtures with ammonia and hydrogen sulfide as because of which it suffers dissociation:
(NH4)2S → HS + NH3
Uses
One uses Ammonium Sulfide in a lot of things.
Mostly, it comes in use a lot when one wants to prank others.
Thus, if you wish to create a ‘stink bomb’, you may use it to do that.
Ammonium sulfide is an aqueous dilution of the compound. When you will immerse that stink bomb in the water, it decomposes in ammonia and hydrogen sulfide.
Thus, that creates an unpleasant smell.
Similarly, one also uses it in developing photographs.
This compound is used as a patina which one can apply to bronze.
Further, it also comes in use during the textile procedures.
Not only that, but one can also use Ammonium Sulfide in the form of a reducing agent in certain organic synthesis methodologies.
Ammonium sulfide, also known as the “stink bomb,” is a toxic chemical and has a very strong and unpleasant odour.
They are highly flammable and the ammonium sulfide molecular formula is represented as follows (NH4)2S.
Treating ammonium hydroxide with an excess of hydrogen sulfide, ammonium hydrosulfide (NH4HS) is formed, which with further treatment with the same quantity of ammonia yields ammonium sulfide.
In this article, we will be discussing the ammonium sulfide formula and its general properties.
Ammonium Sulfide Uses
Used in the manufacture of photographic developers
Used in the textile industry
Used in the application of the patina to the bronze
Chemical Name: Ammonium sulfide solution 40-48% wt. in H2O
Synonyms: Ammonium monosulfide; Diammonium sulfide;
CAS Number: 12135-76-1
Molecular Formula: H₈N₂S
Molecular Weight: 68.14
Category: BBuilding Blocks; Inorganics;
Applications
Ammonium sulfide is a very useful reagent in various aspects ranging from large scale production of textile manufacture, trace metal analysis, patina to bronze, and as well as cell culture and organic reactions/synthesis. Recently it has been used as a cleaning solution in the study of semiconductor growth on indium phosphide with various metals.
About Ammonium sulfide
Helpful information
Ammonium sulfide is registered under the REACH Regulation but is not currently being manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area.
Ammonium sulfide is used at industrial sites.
Consumer Uses
ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or in which chemical products the substance might be used. ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Ammonium sulfide is most likely to be released to the environment.
Article service life
ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Ammonium sulfide is most likely to be released to the environment. ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or into which articles the substance might have been processed.
Widespread uses by professional workers
ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or in which chemical products the substance might be used. ECHA has no public registered data on the types of manufacture using Ammonium sulfide. ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Ammonium sulfide is most likely to be released to the environment.
Formulation or re-packing
ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or in which chemical products the substance might be used. ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Ammonium sulfide is most likely to be released to the environment.
Uses at industrial sites
ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or in which chemical products the substance might be used. Ammonium sulfide is used in the following areas: scientific research and development.
ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Ammonium sulfide is most likely to be released to the environment.
Manufacture
ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Ammonium sulfide is most likely to be released to the environment.
IUPAC NAMES:
Ammonium sulfide
Ammonium sulfide((NH4)(SH))
Ammonium sulphide
ammonium sulphide
Amonio Sulfuro
diammonium sulfanediide
thioxoammonium
SYNONYMS:
Diammonium sulfide
diazanium;sulfide
True ammonium sulfide
MFCD00010892
Ammoniumsulfid
Diammonium pentasulfide
ammonium sulfide, 40-50% solution in water
DTXSID60893218
BP-20355
Ammonium sulfide 40-48% solution wt. in water
Ammonium sulfide solution 40-48 wt. % in H2O
Ammonium sulfide, 20-24% w/w aqueous solution
Q416913
J-004483
ammoniummonosulfide
ammoniumsulfide((nh4)2s)
ammoniumsulfide(solution)
Ammonium bisulfide
AMMONIUM SULFIDE, 40-48 WT. % SOLUTION IN WATER
AMMONIUM SULFIDE, 20 WT. % SOLUTION IN W ATER
AMMONIUM SULFIDE SOLUTION, ~21% IN WATER
AMMONIUM SULFIDE SOLUTION APPROX. 21 %
AMMONIUM SULFIDE 20 WT. % SOLUTION IN &
AMMONIUM SULFIDE, 20% AQUEOUS SOLUTION
AMMONIUM SULFIDE SOL (COLORLESS)
AMMONIUM SULFIDE, 20% AQUEOUS SOLUTION REAGENT (ACS)
Ammonium sulfide, 20-24% aq. soln.
Ammonium sulfide, 40-44% w/w aq. soln.
Ammonium sulfide, 20-24% w/w aq. soln.
Ammonium sulphide, 20-22% aq. soln.
Ammoniumsulfide,40-44%aqueoussolution
Ammoniumsulfid
AMMONIUMSULFID 20 P. IN WASSER
NH4HS
Ammonium sulfide,20% solution in water
Ammonium sulfide aq. soln.
Ammonium sulfide (20% Solution in H2O)
Ammonium sulfide sol
AMMONIUM SULFIDE, 20% AQUEOUS SOLUTION, REAGENT (ACS)AMMONIUM SULFIDE, 20% AQUEOUS SOLUTION, REAGENT (ACS)AMMONIUM SULFIDE, 20% AQUEOUS SOLUTION, REAGENT (ACS)
ammoniumsulfide,solution
ammoniumsulfideaqueoussolution
Ammoniumsulfidesolution
diammoniumsulfide
trueammoniumsulfide
AMMONIUM POLYSULPHIDE
AMMONIUM HYDROSULFIDE
AMMONIUM SULFIDE
AMMONIUM SULFIDE COLORLESS
AMMONIUM SULFIDE, YELLOW
AMMONIUM SULPHIDE
FEMA 2053
AMMONIUM SULFIDE SOLUTION GR FOR ANALYSI
AMMoniuM sulfide solution, 20 wt.% solution in H2O
Ammonium sulfide solution 20% in H2O
Ammonium sulfide solution 40-48 wt. % in H2O
Ammonium sulfide solution, 20-24% in water
Ammonium sulfide solution, 40-44% in water
Ammonium Sulfide Solution, colorless
