ARADUR 20115 X 70

ARADUR 20115 X 70 is a solvent-based polyamidoamine epoxy curing agent supplied as an approximately 70% solids solution in xylene for ambient-curing protective and industrial coating systems. The product is designed for use with suitable liquid or solid epoxy resins where strong adhesion, flexibility, corrosion protection, chemical resistance and long working time are important. ARADUR 20115 X 70 is especially relevant to industrial maintenance and marine coatings, anti-corrosion primers, protective topcoats, mastics, tank and pipe coatings, and other solvent-borne epoxy systems requiring durable service performance.

PRODUCT IDENTITY

Product name: ARADUR 20115 X 70
Product type: Solvent-based epoxy curing agent / hardener
Chemical family: Polyamidoamine
Active curing-agent type: Polyamidoamine
Solvent: Xylene
Approximate solids content: 70% by weight
Approximate solvent content: 30% by weight
Physical form: Liquid solution
Cure type: Ambient-temperature epoxy curing
Primary resin compatibility: Suitable liquid and solid epoxy resins
Primary application areas: Industrial maintenance coatings, marine coatings, anti-corrosion primers, protective coatings, mastics, pipe coatings, tank coatings and selected reactive adhesive systems
Viscosity at 25°C: Approximately 750-1,250 mPa·s
Amine value: Approximately 168-182 mg KOH/g
Active hydrogen equivalent weight: Approximately 340 g/eq
Gel time: Greater than approximately 1,000 minutes in the published reference system using solid epoxy resin and solvent
Color: Gardner ≤10
Benzyl alcohol: Published selector information identifies the grade as benzyl-alcohol-free
CAS Number: Mixture / no single CAS number should be assigned to the complete commercial product without the current SDS
EC Number: Mixture / no single EC number should be assigned to the complete commercial product
Molecular Formula: Not applicable to the commercial formulated mixture
Molecular Weight: Not applicable as one fixed value because the active polyamidoamine is polymeric and the supplied product is a mixture

ARADUR 20115 X 70 should be described as a proprietary polyamidoamine curing-agent solution rather than as a single pure chemical. The active portion contains a distribution of polyamidoamine structures, while xylene functions as the principal solvent. A single molecular formula, molecular weight or CAS number for the whole commercial product would therefore be technically misleading.

The designation "X 70" communicates important formulation information. "X" identifies xylene as the solvent system, while "70" indicates approximately 70% non-volatile curing-agent solids. The remaining portion is principally solvent, which lowers viscosity and supports practical handling, blending, wetting and application in solvent-borne epoxy formulations.

WHAT IS ARADUR 20115 X 70?

ARADUR 20115 X 70 is a polyamidoamine-based hardener intended to react with epoxy resins and convert them from thermoplastic or liquid precursors into crosslinked thermoset networks. Polyamidoamines combine amine functionality with relatively high-molecular-weight amide-containing structures, giving them a balance of reactivity, flexibility, adhesion and surface tolerance that differs from low-molecular-weight aliphatic amines.

The curing agent is supplied in xylene to reduce viscosity and make it easier to formulate with solid or high-viscosity epoxy resins. During application and early cure, xylene assists flow, substrate wetting and film formation before evaporating from the coating. The polyamidoamine remains behind and reacts chemically with epoxy groups in the resin.

This chemistry is particularly useful in maintenance and marine coatings where good adhesion to metallic and mineral surfaces, resistance to moisture and chemicals, and long-term corrosion protection are required. The relatively long working time also supports application over large areas and complex industrial structures.

POLYAMIDOAMINE CHEMISTRY

Polyamidoamines are generally produced by reacting fatty-acid-derived materials with polyamines. The resulting molecules contain both amide groups and reactive amine groups. The amide-rich backbone increases molecular size and contributes flexibility, hydrophobic character and good adhesion, while the remaining amine hydrogens provide the functionality needed to cure epoxy resins.

Compared with simple low-molecular-weight amines, polyamidoamines are typically less volatile and often provide more flexible cured films. They also tend to offer good adhesion and corrosion resistance, which explains their long-standing use in industrial maintenance and marine epoxy coatings.

ARADUR 20115 X 70 is not simply a diluted low-molecular-weight amine. The active material is a formulated polymeric curing agent with its own equivalent weight, amine value and rheological characteristics. These properties must be considered when calculating epoxy-to-hardener ratios.

HOW EPOXY CURING WORKS

Epoxy resins contain reactive oxirane rings. Primary and secondary amine hydrogens in ARADUR 20115 X 70 attack these epoxy groups and open the rings, forming new carbon-nitrogen bonds and hydroxyl groups. As the reaction proceeds, individual resin and curing-agent molecules become linked into a three-dimensional network.

The process converts the initially soluble or fusible components into an insoluble thermoset material. Film hardness, chemical resistance, adhesion, flexibility and corrosion performance develop progressively as crosslinking advances.

The cure can proceed at ambient temperature, although higher temperature generally accelerates reaction and promotes more complete network development. Actual cure speed depends on resin type, formulation ratio, film thickness, solvent content, pigmentation, substrate temperature and environmental conditions.

ACTIVE HYDROGEN EQUIVALENT WEIGHT

Published selector data place the active hydrogen equivalent weight of ARADUR 20115 X 70 at approximately 340 g/eq. This value is one of the most important formulation parameters because it indicates how much commercial curing agent supplies one equivalent of reactive amine hydrogen.

The correct hardener level depends on the epoxy equivalent weight of the resin and the desired stoichiometric balance. A formulator should calculate the theoretical starting point from resin EEW and curing-agent AHEW rather than copying a phr value from an unrelated epoxy system.

For a simple stoichiometric calculation, the required parts of curing agent per 100 parts of epoxy resin can be estimated from the ratio of curing-agent AHEW to resin EEW. Final formulation may then be adjusted within validated limits to optimize cure, flexibility, hardness, chemical resistance and application behavior.

AMINE VALUE

The amine value of ARADUR 20115 X 70 is published at approximately 168-182 mg KOH/g. Amine value is an analytical measure of total basic amine functionality expressed as the equivalent amount of potassium hydroxide.
Amine value is useful for product consistency and comparative characterization, but it is not identical to active hydrogen equivalent weight. Two curing agents can have similar amine values while differing substantially in the number and accessibility of reactive amine hydrogens.
For epoxy stoichiometry, AHEW is therefore more directly useful. Amine value remains an important quality-control parameter because it helps verify batch consistency and detect significant changes in composition.

VISCOSITY

ARADUR 20115 X 70 has a published viscosity range of approximately 750-1,250 mPa·s at 25°C. This is relatively manageable for a polyamidoamine because the active material is diluted in xylene.
Viscosity influences pumping, metering, mixing, pigment wetting and final application. Lower temperature increases viscosity, while higher temperature decreases it. Quality-control comparisons should therefore use a defined temperature.
The xylene carrier also allows ARADUR 20115 X 70 to blend effectively into solvent-borne epoxy systems containing solid resins or concentrated resin solutions. Excessive additional solvent should nevertheless be avoided because it changes VOC, film build, sag, drying and cure behavior.

SOLIDS CONTENT

The commercial grade contains approximately 70% non-volatile polyamidoamine solids. Solids content affects both formulation stoichiometry and final film properties.
When comparing ARADUR 20115 X 70 with a solvent-free curing agent, equal wet weights do not provide equal quantities of active hardener. Approximately 30% of ARADUR 20115 X 70 is solvent rather than reactive curing-agent solids.

Formulation calculations must therefore use the product as supplied and follow the published equivalent weight for the commercial grade. Removing the solvent mathematically without also adjusting equivalent-weight assumptions can lead to incorrect stoichiometry.

XYLENE SOLVENT

Xylene serves primarily as a viscosity-reducing and application solvent. It improves flow and handling of the polyamidoamine, supports mixing with conventional solvent-borne epoxy resin solutions and contributes to substrate wetting.
Xylene does not become part of the cured epoxy network. It should leave the coating primarily by evaporation before and during cure. Adequate ventilation and proper film thickness are therefore important to prevent excessive solvent retention.
Because ARADUR 20115 X 70 contains xylene, the commercial product should be treated as a flammable solvent-containing mixture and should not be described as VOC-free or solvent-free. Exact VOC classification depends on the regulatory method and jurisdiction.

BENZYL-ALCOHOL-FREE CHARACTER

Published selector information identifies ARADUR 20115 X 70 as benzyl-alcohol-free. This differentiates it from curing-agent formulations in which benzyl alcohol is deliberately added as a viscosity reducer, accelerator or formulation aid.
A benzyl-alcohol-free hardener can be useful where formulators wish to avoid benzyl alcohol for regulatory, performance or formulation reasons. The absence of benzyl alcohol does not mean the product is solvent-free because ARADUR 20115 X 70 contains xylene.
The complete current composition should still be checked against the product SDS when a formulation must comply with a specific restricted-substance standard.

LONG WORKING TIME

One of the notable characteristics of ARADUR 20115 X 70 is its long gel time in the published reference system. Selector data report gel time greater than approximately 1,000 minutes when evaluated with the stated solid epoxy resin and solvent system.
This long working time can be advantageous for large-area industrial and marine coatings because it allows sufficient time for mixing, transport, application and leveling. It can also reduce the risk of rapid viscosity rise during application.
Gel time is highly formulation-specific. Pigments, accelerators, resin type, temperature, solvent content and batch size can change actual pot life substantially. The published value should therefore be treated as comparative product data rather than a universal in-can pot life for every coating.

ADHESION

Polyamidoamine curing agents are valued for strong adhesion to metallic and mineral substrates. ARADUR 20115 X 70 is especially relevant where epoxy coatings must maintain attachment to steel, concrete and other industrial surfaces under demanding service conditions.
Good adhesion results from both chemical and physical factors. Polar amide and amine-containing structures can interact strongly with substrate surfaces, while the cured epoxy network provides mechanical strength and cohesive integrity.
Surface preparation remains essential. Even a high-performance curing agent cannot compensate completely for heavy rust, oil, salts, loose scale or poorly prepared concrete. Appropriate blasting, cleaning and profile development are central to long-term protective performance.

FLEXIBILITY

Polyamidoamine-cured epoxy systems generally provide more flexibility than systems based solely on highly rigid low-molecular-weight amines. The relatively high-molecular-weight and fatty-acid-derived structure of the curing agent contributes to this behavior.
Flexibility helps coatings tolerate substrate movement, vibration and thermal cycling without cracking. It is particularly useful on large steel structures, ships, tanks and equipment that experience dimensional changes during service.
The final balance between flexibility and hardness depends on resin structure, hardener ratio, pigment loading and cure conditions. Excess curing agent can reduce crosslink density, while insufficient hardener can leave unreacted epoxy functionality and incomplete cure.

CORROSION PROTECTION

ARADUR 20115 X 70 is particularly associated with anti-corrosion epoxy systems. The cured network provides good adhesion, low permeability and resistance to water and many industrial chemicals.
In a primer, the curing agent supports formation of a continuous barrier layer over properly prepared metal. Pigments such as zinc phosphate, micaceous iron oxide, barrier fillers or other anti-corrosive materials can be incorporated depending on coating design.
Corrosion protection depends on the full formulation rather than the curing agent alone. Resin choice, pigment package, dry-film thickness, substrate preparation and coating continuity all determine long-term performance.

CHEMICAL RESISTANCE

A correctly cured ARADUR 20115 X 70 epoxy system can provide resistance to a broad range of water, oils, fuels and industrial chemicals. The precise resistance profile depends strongly on resin chemistry and crosslink density.
Chemical resistance should never be generalized from the hardener alone. Exposure to acids, alkalis, solvents, salts or fuels should be evaluated using the actual coating formulation at the intended concentration and temperature.
Complete cure is particularly important. A coating placed into chemical service before adequate network development can show softening, swelling or loss of adhesion even when the fully cured system would perform well.

WATER AND HUMIDITY RESISTANCE

Polyamidoamine chemistry is well suited to coatings exposed to water and humid conditions. The cured epoxy network can provide strong moisture resistance when properly formulated and applied.
This is a major reason polyamidoamine hardeners are widely used in marine, tank, maintenance and infrastructure coatings. Good adhesion helps reduce underfilm water migration, while the epoxy network provides an effective barrier.
Water resistance still depends on correct mixing ratio, solvent release and complete cure. Entrapped solvent, porous film structure or poor substrate preparation can significantly reduce performance.

AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE CURING

ARADUR 20115 X 70 is intended for ambient-curing epoxy technology. This enables protective coatings to be applied to large structures that cannot be placed in ovens.
Cure speed increases as temperature rises and slows as temperature falls. Very low substrate temperature can delay reaction, increase the period during which moisture can affect the film and extend the time before recoating or service.
The formulator should therefore define minimum application and curing temperatures based on the complete coating system. Dew point and substrate temperature are also important in avoiding condensation during application.

SURFACE APPEARANCE

Polyamidoamine curing agents can produce smooth, durable films when combined with compatible epoxy resins and properly balanced solvents. ARADUR 20115 X 70's solvent content supports application viscosity and leveling.
Final gloss depends on resin, pigmentation, pigment volume concentration, additives, solvent evaporation and substrate condition. The hardener should not be treated as a standalone gloss additive.
A properly formulated topcoat can develop a uniform film, while primer systems may prioritize adhesion, barrier performance and corrosion resistance over high gloss.

APPLICATIONS

Industrial maintenance coatings

Industrial maintenance is one of the principal application areas for ARADUR 20115 X 70. Epoxy coatings based on this curing agent can protect steel structures, process equipment, machinery, tanks, pipelines and other industrial assets exposed to moisture, abrasion and chemicals.
The long working time is useful on large structures where material must remain applicable over an extended period. Good adhesion and flexibility help the coating remain intact during service.

Marine coatings

Marine coatings require excellent adhesion, water resistance and corrosion protection. ARADUR 20115 X 70 is well suited to solvent-borne epoxy primers and protective coatings used on ships, port structures, offshore equipment and other marine assets.
Salt contamination and surface preparation are critical. The curing agent can support high-performance films, but poor steel preparation can still result in osmotic blistering, underfilm corrosion or adhesion failure.

Anti-corrosion primers

ARADUR 20115 X 70 can be used in epoxy primers formulated for steel and other metallic substrates. The curing agent contributes strong adhesion and supports formation of a dense protective matrix around anti-corrosive pigments and fillers.
Primer design should balance pigment volume, wetting, barrier properties and overcoat adhesion. Excessively high pigment loading can weaken film integrity even when the resin-hardener chemistry is properly cured.

Protective topcoats

The curing agent can also be used in epoxy topcoats where chemical resistance, mechanical durability and adhesion are required. Epoxy topcoats are often suitable for interior or sheltered industrial service.
Conventional aromatic epoxy systems can chalk or lose gloss under prolonged UV exposure, so exterior decorative retention may require a weather-resistant polyurethane or other suitable topcoat.

Structural steel coatings

Bridges, factories, warehouses, power plants and process structures require coatings that tolerate humidity, chemicals and mechanical wear. ARADUR 20115 X 70 can be incorporated into multi-coat epoxy systems used for structural steel protection.
Performance depends on blast-cleaning standard, surface profile, primer selection, film thickness and exposure category.

Pipe coatings

Pipes used in industrial, process and infrastructure service can benefit from epoxy coatings cured with polyamidoamine technology. ARADUR 20115 X 70 supports adhesion and corrosion resistance in solvent-borne systems.
Internal and external pipe-coating requirements differ. Chemical exposure, temperature, immersion and potable-water considerations must be evaluated separately for the final formulation.

Tank coatings

Storage tanks require chemical and water resistance together with reliable adhesion. ARADUR 20115 X 70 can be used in appropriate epoxy tank-coating systems.
Suitability depends on stored material, temperature and immersion conditions. Potable-water, food-contact or high-purity service requires specific regulatory and performance approval of the finished coating and should not be inferred from generic product chemistry.

Mastics

Epoxy mastics are high-build protective coatings designed to provide barrier performance and often tolerate less-than-ideal substrate conditions better than conventional thin-film primers.
Polyamidoamine curing agents can contribute flexibility and adhesion in these formulations. ARADUR 20115 X 70 can therefore be considered for suitable solvent-borne mastic systems.

Maintenance primers and intermediate coats

The product can be used in primer and intermediate-coat formulations where long pot life and corrosion resistance are desired. Intermediate coats often contain lamellar fillers such as micaceous iron oxide to increase diffusion path length and barrier protection.
The curing agent contributes to the crosslinked matrix that holds these fillers in place.

Metallic substrates

Steel is a primary substrate for ARADUR 20115 X 70 systems, but properly formulated epoxies can also adhere to other metals. Surface preparation must be appropriate to the specific metal.
Aluminum, galvanized steel and non-ferrous metals can require special cleaning, pretreatment or primer selection because surface chemistry differs from carbon steel.

Mineral substrates

Polyamidoamine epoxy systems can also adhere to mineral substrates such as concrete. Concrete moisture, laitance, porosity and alkalinity must be considered.
The substrate should be structurally sound and properly prepared. Surface grinding, blasting or other mechanical preparation may be required to expose a clean, strong surface.

Concrete repair systems

ARADUR 20115 X 70 can be considered for solvent-borne epoxy components used in selected concrete repair or sealing technologies.
For thick-section mortars or solvent-free repair compounds, a solvent-containing hardener may not always be the preferred technology. Product selection should reflect application thickness, VOC constraints and desired cure profile.

Reactive adhesives

Polyamidoamine curing agents can be used in epoxy adhesive systems where flexibility and adhesion are important. ARADUR 20115 X 70 is particularly relevant to solvent-containing adhesive or primer-like systems.
The xylene content must be able to escape before bond-line closure or full cure where necessary. Completely enclosed thick bond lines may require a solvent-free curing agent instead.

Machinery coatings

Manufacturing equipment, pumps, motors, frames and heavy machinery can be protected with epoxy coatings cured using ARADUR 20115 X 70. The resulting systems can provide strong adhesion and resistance to oils, water and mechanical service.
The exact coating system should reflect exposure severity and whether the surface will be outdoors, indoors, immersed or exposed to chemicals.

Chemical-processing equipment

Industrial epoxy coatings are widely used around chemical plants and process equipment. ARADUR 20115 X 70 can contribute to protective systems where chemical resistance and corrosion control are required.
Chemical resistance should be validated against the specific process chemicals rather than inferred from general epoxy performance.

Mining equipment

Mining machinery experiences abrasion, water, dirt and impact. Polyamidoamine epoxy coatings can provide durable corrosion protection on suitable equipment surfaces.
Heavy abrasion may require reinforced coatings or special fillers because the hardener alone cannot provide resistance to severe erosive wear.

Power-generation facilities

Steelwork, tanks, maintenance areas and equipment in power facilities can use epoxy protective systems based on polyamidoamine curing agents.
Temperature, chemical exposure and maintenance intervals determine the appropriate resin, pigment and coating thickness.

EPOXY RESIN COMPATIBILITY

ARADUR 20115 X 70 is designed for use with suitable liquid and solid epoxy resins. The correct formulation depends on resin epoxy equivalent weight, resin molecular weight and desired film properties.
Solid epoxy resins dissolved in solvent are especially relevant because the hardener itself is also supplied in solvent. This allows development of conventional solvent-borne maintenance and marine coatings with controlled application viscosity.
Liquid bisphenol-A epoxy resins can also be used where the overall formulation design accommodates the solvent system. Other epoxy types require specific compatibility and cure testing.

SOLID EPOXY RESINS

Published selector data specifically evaluate ARADUR 20115 X 70 in conjunction with solid epoxy resin and solvent. Solid epoxies are commonly used in protective coating technology because they can provide excellent film formation, chemical resistance and adhesion.
The solvent system must dissolve the resin and curing agent effectively while producing suitable evaporation behavior. Aromatic solvents such as xylene are commonly used in these systems.
Solvent balance also influences open time, flow, sag and dry-to-touch behavior.

LIQUID EPOXY RESINS

Liquid epoxy resins can provide higher solids and reduced solvent demand. ARADUR 20115 X 70 can be formulated with suitable liquid resins, but the xylene contained in the hardener remains part of the total solvent balance.
The liquid resin EEW must be used when calculating hardener level. A standard bisphenol-A liquid epoxy resin around 185-192 g/eq will require a different phr than a higher-EEW solid resin.
Final properties should be verified experimentally because stoichiometric calculation provides only the starting formulation.

MIXING RATIO

The ideal ARADUR 20115 X 70-to-epoxy ratio depends on the epoxy equivalent weight of the selected resin. No universal weight ratio is appropriate for every resin.
The approximate stoichiometric relationship can be calculated from:
Parts hardener per 100 parts epoxy resin = 100 × AHEW / EEW
Using an approximate AHEW of 340 g/eq for ARADUR 20115 X 70 provides a theoretical starting point. Formulators should then consider the actual commercial resin solution, solids, pigments and desired performance.
A published formulation or current product TDS should be preferred where available because manufacturer development work may specify a validated ratio different from the simple theoretical estimate.

EFFECT OF HARDENER LEVEL

Changing the amount of curing agent alters the network structure. Too little hardener can leave unreacted epoxy groups and produce incomplete cure, slow hardness development and weak chemical resistance.
Excess hardener can leave unreacted amine functionality, reduce hardness, increase moisture sensitivity and alter surface properties. A controlled deviation may sometimes be used deliberately to modify flexibility or cure behavior, but this should be validated.
The best ratio is therefore based on both stoichiometry and performance testing.

POT LIFE

ARADUR 20115 X 70 is associated with long working time. Pot life begins once epoxy resin and hardener are mixed.
As the reaction progresses, molecular weight and viscosity increase. Eventually the mixture becomes too viscous to apply properly, even if it has not reached a hard gel.
Pot life decreases with increasing temperature and batch size. Large mixed volumes can also heat because epoxy-amine curing is exothermic.
Production and application procedures should therefore define maximum batch size and usable working time under actual site conditions.

GEL TIME

The published selector value greater than approximately 1,000 minutes is a laboratory comparison made under a defined system and should not be confused directly with practical coating pot life.
Gel time indicates how long the tested resin-hardener mixture takes to lose fluidity under the stated conditions. Practical pot life can be shorter because viscosity can become unsuitable for application well before gelation.
Pigments, fillers, solvents and catalysts can change gel time substantially.

CURE DEVELOPMENT

Epoxy-amine curing continues after the film becomes dry to the touch. Early handling strength can develop before maximum chemical and mechanical resistance.
Full cure may require several days at ambient temperature depending on formulation and environmental conditions. Lower temperatures extend this period.
Chemical exposure, immersion or heavy mechanical service should therefore begin only after the coating has reached the required cure state.

RECOATABILITY

Epoxy coatings cured with polyamidoamines can normally be recoated within a defined interval. Recoating too early can disturb the underlying film, while recoating after full cure may require surface preparation for mechanical adhesion.
The exact recoat window depends on temperature, film thickness, solvent release and topcoat chemistry.
Amine blush or surface contamination should be removed before recoating where present.

AMINE BLUSH

Epoxy amine systems can develop surface carbamate or blush under cool, humid conditions when amines interact with moisture and carbon dioxide. Polyamidoamine technology can reduce some of the volatility associated with simple amines, but surface effects remain possible.
Blush can appear as a greasy, waxy or whitish film and can interfere with intercoat adhesion or appearance.
Environmental control, correct formulation and adequate cure conditions help reduce the risk. Existing blush should be removed according to the coating manufacturer's procedure before recoating.

HUMIDITY DURING APPLICATION

High humidity can influence solvent evaporation, surface cure and blush formation. Condensation is particularly harmful because it places liquid water directly on the uncured film.
Substrate temperature should remain above the dew point by the margin specified for the coating system.
Good ventilation supports solvent evaporation and helps maintain uniform cure.

TEMPERATURE DURING APPLICATION

Temperature affects both viscosity and cure rate. At low temperature, ARADUR 20115 X 70 becomes more viscous and the epoxy reaction slows.
At elevated temperature, the mixed coating becomes less viscous and reacts faster, reducing pot life.
Application specifications should therefore define a practical temperature range for both material and substrate.

SOLVENT BALANCE

Because ARADUR 20115 X 70 already contains xylene, additional solvent selection must consider the entire formulation. The resin solution may contain aromatic solvents, oxygenated solvents or other compatible diluents.
A good solvent blend maintains resin and curing-agent compatibility, supports pigment wetting and provides a useful evaporation profile.
Too much fast solvent can cause dry spray or poor leveling, while excessive slow solvent can delay drying and increase solvent retention.

FLOW AND LEVELING

The xylene carrier helps reduce curing-agent viscosity and contributes to flow. In the final coating, flow and leveling are also controlled by resin molecular weight, solvent evaporation and rheology additives.
The coating should level sufficiently to form a continuous film but retain enough structure to avoid sagging.
ARADUR 20115 X 70 provides a workable base for conventional solvent-borne epoxy formulation, but dedicated flow and rheology additives may still be required.

SAG RESISTANCE

High-build primers and mastics need strong sag resistance. Polyamidoamine cure chemistry does not by itself create the complete rheological structure needed for vertical film build.
Thixotropic additives such as organoclays, fumed silica or polymeric rheology modifiers may be incorporated where required.
The solvent content and pigment loading should be balanced so that the coating remains sprayable while maintaining the target wet-film thickness.

PIGMENT COMPATIBILITY

ARADUR 20115 X 70 can be used with pigments and fillers common in solvent-borne epoxy coatings. These can include titanium dioxide, iron oxides, zinc phosphate, barytes, talc, mica and micaceous iron oxide.
Pigment surfaces can affect cure and viscosity. Strongly acidic or basic pigments may interact with the amine hardener.
Formulation stability, viscosity and cure should therefore be confirmed with the actual pigment package.

ANTI-CORROSIVE PIGMENTS

Anti-corrosion primers often combine epoxy-polyamidoamine binders with zinc phosphate or other inhibitive pigments. The binder provides adhesion and barrier protection while the pigment contributes electrochemical or passivating effects.
Lamellar fillers can increase diffusion path length and reduce water and oxygen transport through the coating.
The curing agent supports formation of the continuous crosslinked phase surrounding these particles.

FILLERS

Mineral fillers can control cost, rheology, hardness and permeability. Barytes, talc, mica and silica are common examples.
High filler loading can reduce resin continuity if the pigment volume concentration becomes excessive. This may increase porosity and reduce corrosion resistance.
The formulation should therefore balance barrier performance, application viscosity and mechanical properties.

ADDITIVES

ARADUR 20115 X 70 systems can include defoamers, wetting agents, dispersants, flow additives, rheology modifiers and other coating auxiliaries.
Additives should be tested for compatibility with both epoxy resin and amine hardener. Acidic additives can react with amines, while strong surface-active materials can influence adhesion and recoating.
Use level should be optimized in the complete system.

ARADUR 20115 X 70 VERSUS LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT ALIPHATIC AMINES

Low-molecular-weight aliphatic amines can cure epoxy rapidly and produce high crosslink density. They can also be volatile, strongly odorous and relatively brittle.
ARADUR 20115 X 70 uses higher-molecular-weight polyamidoamine chemistry. This generally provides longer working time, lower volatility of the active hardener, improved flexibility and strong adhesion.
The trade-off is often slower cure and lower maximum heat resistance compared with selected highly crosslinked amine systems.

ARADUR 20115 X 70 VERSUS POLYAMIDE HARDENERS

Polyamide and polyamidoamine terminology is sometimes used broadly in the coatings industry. Both families are commonly derived from fatty-acid chemistry and polyamines.
Polyamidoamines generally retain significant reactive amine functionality while providing flexible amide-containing structures.
Commercial product performance depends on molecular design, not only the family name. Equivalent weight, amine value, viscosity and cure speed should therefore be compared directly.

ARADUR 20115 X 70 VERSUS AMINE ADDUCTS

Amine adduct curing agents are pre-reacted forms in which part of the amine has been reacted with epoxy or another functional material. This can reduce free amine content and alter cure behavior.
ARADUR 20115 X 70 is identified as a polyamidoamine solution rather than a polyamidoamine adduct grade.
Adducts may offer faster cure or reduced blush, while conventional polyamidoamines can provide long working time and flexible protective films.

ARADUR 20115 X 70 VERSUS PHENALKAMINES

Phenalkamine curing agents are based on cardanol-derived chemistry and are often selected for rapid low-temperature cure, moisture tolerance and fast return to service.
ARADUR 20115 X 70 provides a different balance, emphasizing conventional polyamidoamine performance, long working time, adhesion, flexibility and corrosion resistance.
The optimum choice depends on application temperature, required cure speed and service environment.

ARADUR 20115 X 70 VERSUS ARADUR 20115 I 73

ARADUR 20115 I 73 is also a polyamidoamine curing-agent solution but uses 2-propanol as solvent and is supplied at approximately 73% solids.
Published data for ARADUR 20115 I 73 show somewhat different viscosity, equivalent weight and color values. It should therefore not be treated as a direct one-for-one solvent substitution for ARADUR 20115 X 70.
Solvent type affects application, evaporation, VOC characteristics and formulation compatibility.

ARADUR 20115 X 70 VERSUS ARADUR 100 X 60

ARADUR 100 X 60 is another polyamidoamine in xylene but has lower solids and a much higher active-hydrogen equivalent weight in published selector data.
ARADUR 20115 X 70 therefore provides a substantially different reactive-functionality profile.
Replacing one with the other would require recalculation of hardener ratio and complete performance testing.

ARADUR 20115 X 70 VERSUS ARADUR 422 XW 70

ARADUR 422 XW 70 is described as a polyamidoamine adduct in a xylene/n-butanol solvent blend. Its viscosity and cure behavior differ from ARADUR 20115 X 70.
Both may be used in industrial maintenance and marine coatings, but they are not interchangeable on equal weight.
Product selection should consider cure speed, viscosity, solvent blend, equivalent weight and desired film properties.

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

Cured epoxy systems based on ARADUR 20115 X 70 can provide a useful balance of hardness, flexibility, adhesion and impact resistance.
Mechanical performance depends on resin selection and stoichiometry. A high-molecular-weight solid epoxy can produce a different film from a low-viscosity liquid epoxy even with the same hardener.
Pigment loading and film thickness also affect toughness and abrasion resistance.

ABRASION RESISTANCE

Epoxy coatings generally provide good resistance to mechanical wear, and polyamidoamine curing can contribute to tough, durable films.
Heavy abrasion environments may require hard fillers, reinforced coatings or specialized epoxy novolac systems.
ARADUR 20115 X 70 should therefore be regarded as part of the abrasion-resistant binder system rather than as a standalone abrasion additive.

IMPACT RESISTANCE

The flexible character of polyamidoamine chemistry can help epoxy coatings tolerate impact better than very brittle highly crosslinked systems.
This is useful on steel structures, machinery and equipment exposed to handling or vibration.
Severe impact can still damage the coating, especially if substrate deformation exceeds the film's strain capacity.

HARDNESS

Surface hardness develops as cure progresses. Early films may be relatively soft and become harder over several days.
Hardness should be measured only after a defined cure schedule. Comparing samples cured for different times can produce misleading conclusions.
Excess hardener or incomplete solvent release can reduce final hardness.

HEAT RESISTANCE

ARADUR 20115 X 70 is primarily intended for ambient-curing protective coatings rather than extreme high-temperature thermosets.
Heat resistance depends on the epoxy resin and network crosslink density. Standard bisphenol-A epoxy/polyamidoamine systems generally provide moderate thermal resistance suitable for many industrial environments.
For high continuous temperatures, specialized epoxy novolac resins or higher-temperature curing agents may be more appropriate.

UV EXPOSURE

Conventional epoxy coatings provide excellent adhesion and corrosion resistance but can chalk and lose gloss under prolonged ultraviolet exposure.
ARADUR 20115 X 70 should not be described as a UV stabilizer or as a solution to epoxy chalking.
Exterior decorative systems often use epoxy as primer or intermediate coat followed by a UV-resistant polyurethane, polysiloxane or other suitable topcoat.

IMMERSION SERVICE

Epoxy-polyamidoamine systems can perform well in immersion when specifically formulated for the intended liquid and fully cured before service.
Immersion requirements are more severe than atmospheric exposure because water or chemicals remain in continuous contact with the film.
Tank-lining or immersion use should therefore be supported by formulation-specific testing and approval.

QUALITY CONTROL

Important quality parameters for ARADUR 20115 X 70 include appearance, viscosity, amine value, active-hydrogen equivalent weight, solids content and color.
Viscosity confirms handling consistency. Amine value provides an analytical check on basic functionality. Solids content verifies the ratio between active hardener and solvent.
Equivalent weight determines formulation stoichiometry, while Gardner color is important for applications in which hardener color can influence the appearance of the finished coating.

WHY AMINE VALUE MATTERS

A substantial shift in amine value can indicate a change in chemical composition or functional-group concentration.
This could alter cure speed, stoichiometry and final properties.
Batch-to-batch amine-value control is therefore important for consistent industrial coating production.

WHY SOLIDS CONTENT MATTERS

If solids content falls below specification, a given wet weight contains less active hardener and more solvent.
This can alter cure ratio, VOC and dry-film properties.
If solids content rises, viscosity and reactive-material concentration can increase.
Consistent solids are therefore important to both manufacturing and formulation control.

WHY VISCOSITY MATTERS

Viscosity affects pumpability, metering and mixing. It can also provide an indirect indication of molecular or concentration changes.
Viscosity should be measured at the specified temperature because polyamidoamine solutions are temperature sensitive.
A sample that appears unusually thick after cold storage should first be equilibrated to the standard test temperature before concluding that it is out of specification.

WHY COLOR MATTERS

Gardner color is a standard method for evaluating the color of transparent liquids.
ARADUR 20115 X 70 is published with a Gardner color limit of approximately 10.
Color is especially relevant in pale or lightly pigmented coatings. In heavily pigmented anti-corrosion primers, small variations may be less visually important but can still indicate product consistency.

TDS, SDS AND COA

The Technical Data Sheet should be used to confirm current values for viscosity, amine value, equivalent weight, solids, color and recommended applications.
The Safety Data Sheet governs hazard classification, component disclosure, PPE, first aid, fire response, storage, transport and disposal.
The Certificate of Analysis provides batch-specific values for the commercial material and should be used where incoming quality verification is required.

SAFETY AND HANDLING

ARADUR 20115 X 70 is a solvent-containing amine curing agent and should be handled according to the current product SDS. The xylene component creates flammability and vapor-exposure concerns, while reactive amine components can present skin, eye and respiratory hazards depending on the commercial composition.
Adequate ventilation is essential in mixing and application areas. Ignition sources should be controlled, and appropriate PPE should be selected according to the SDS and workplace risk assessment.
The exact classification should not be inferred solely from generic polyamidoamine or xylene data because proprietary mixture components and concentration ranges determine the official classification.

FLAMMABILITY

Because the product contains xylene, ARADUR 20115 X 70 must be treated as a flammable solvent-containing liquid according to the exact SDS classification.
Open flames, sparks and hot surfaces should be controlled in handling and application areas.
Grounding, bonding and suitable electrical equipment may be required where flammable vapor accumulation is possible.

VAPOR EXPOSURE

Xylene can evaporate during mixing and coating application. Enclosed spaces can therefore accumulate significant solvent vapor without adequate ventilation.
Local exhaust, general ventilation or respiratory protection may be required depending on exposure assessment.
Confined-space work requires especially careful control because oxygen concentration and solvent vapor can change rapidly.

SKIN CONTACT

Reactive amine curing agents can irritate or sensitize skin. Repeated contact should be avoided.
Appropriate chemical-resistant gloves and protective clothing should be selected using the current SDS and glove-material compatibility information.
Contaminated clothing should be removed and washed before reuse where appropriate.

EYE CONTACT

Eye protection is important when transferring or mixing ARADUR 20115 X 70 because splashes can cause significant irritation or injury.
If contact occurs, the eyes should be rinsed immediately with plenty of clean water and medical attention obtained according to the SDS.
Contact lenses should not delay irrigation.

INHALATION

Vapor and aerosol exposure should be minimized. Workers experiencing significant exposure should be moved to fresh air.
Persistent headache, dizziness, respiratory irritation or other symptoms require medical assessment.
Respiratory protection must be selected according to measured exposure, ventilation and the current SDS.

INGESTION

Industrial curing agents must not be ingested. Food and beverages should be kept away from chemical-handling areas.
After accidental ingestion, follow the current SDS and obtain appropriate medical advice.
Do not induce vomiting unless specifically directed by medical professionals or the SDS because solvent aspiration can create additional hazards.

SPILL MANAGEMENT

A spill should be contained while eliminating ignition sources and providing suitable ventilation.
Absorbent compatible with solvent-containing amine mixtures can be used where appropriate.
Recovered material should be placed in suitable labeled waste containers. Uncontrolled discharge to drains or the environment should be prevented.

FIRE RESPONSE

Fire involving ARADUR 20115 X 70 should be treated as a solvent-containing chemical fire. Suitable extinguishing media and firefighter PPE should follow the current SDS and site emergency plan.
Combustion can generate carbon oxides, nitrogen-containing decomposition products and other irritating or hazardous fumes.
Firefighters should use appropriate respiratory protection.

STORAGE

ARADUR 20115 X 70 should be stored in tightly closed original packaging in a cool, dry and well-ventilated area away from ignition sources and incompatible materials.
Excessive heat can increase vapor pressure and accelerate degradation. Very low temperature can increase viscosity and make handling difficult.
Containers should remain closed when not in use to minimize solvent loss, moisture uptake and contamination.

SHELF LIFE

The exact shelf life should be taken from current supplier documentation.
Storage stability depends on container integrity, temperature and exposure to air or moisture.
Material beyond its stated shelf life should be evaluated against specification before use rather than assumed acceptable.

MOISTURE CONTAMINATION

Amine curing agents and epoxy systems can be sensitive to moisture during storage and application.
Water contamination can change appearance, viscosity and cure behavior. It can also increase the risk of surface defects or blush.
Containers should therefore be protected from rain, condensation and humid air during prolonged open handling.

CONTAMINATION CONTROL

ARADUR 20115 X 70 should not be contaminated with epoxy resin inside the original curing-agent container because even small amounts can initiate localized reaction.
Dedicated pumps, transfer lines and measuring equipment are preferable where practical.
Strong acids, oxidizers and other incompatible materials should also be segregated according to the SDS.

VOC CONSIDERATIONS

ARADUR 20115 X 70 contains xylene and contributes volatile organic solvent to a coating formulation.
Its use is therefore most appropriate in conventional solvent-borne systems where the overall VOC target can accommodate the solvent content.
Low-VOC or zero-VOC formulations may require higher-solids or solvent-free curing-agent technology instead.

REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS

ARADUR 20115 X 70 should be evaluated as a proprietary commercial mixture. Regulatory status depends on the active polyamidoamine, xylene and any other disclosed or proprietary components.
Current REACH, TSCA, inventory, restricted-substance and regional compliance statements should be taken from up-to-date supplier documentation.
Historical product literature should not be used as the sole basis for current regulatory declarations because chemical regulations and product composition can change.

FOOD-CONTACT AND POTABLE-WATER APPLICATIONS

Generic use of ARADUR 20115 X 70 in epoxy coatings does not establish suitability for food-contact or potable-water service.
These applications require specific compliance documentation and often testing of the finished coating system.
No such suitability should be claimed without current product-specific and formulation-specific evidence.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS

Solvent emissions should be controlled according to local environmental requirements. Xylene is volatile and should not be released unnecessarily.
Liquid waste, contaminated absorbent and uncured epoxy-hardener mixtures should be disposed of according to applicable regulations.
Fully cured epoxy material has very different environmental behavior from uncured components, but disposal requirements still depend on local rules.

COMMON FORMULATION PROBLEMS

Slow cure
Low temperature, incorrect mixing ratio, excessive solvent or unsuitable resin can produce slow cure. Verify stoichiometry, substrate temperature and material condition before adding accelerators.

Shorter-than-expected pot life
High temperature, large mixed batches or reactive pigments can shorten working time. Reduce batch size and control material temperature where necessary.

Poor adhesion
Contamination, insufficient surface preparation, condensation or premature application over an incompatible layer can reduce adhesion. The curing agent cannot compensate for a poorly prepared substrate.

Soft film
Incorrect hardener ratio, incomplete cure or retained solvent can leave the film soft. Verify resin EEW, hardener AHEW and cure conditions.

Amine blush
Cool, humid conditions can promote surface carbamate formation. Improve environmental control and clean the surface appropriately before recoating.

Sagging
Excess solvent or insufficient rheology can cause vertical sag. Adjust solvent balance, film thickness and rheology package.

Poor chemical resistance
Incomplete cure, incorrect stoichiometry or selecting an unsuitable epoxy resin can reduce resistance. Allow full cure and test the actual exposure chemical.

Solvent entrapment
Applying excessive film thickness or curing with insufficient ventilation can trap solvent. Use appropriate film build and ventilation.

Poor intercoat adhesion
Contamination, blush or exceeding the recoat window can reduce adhesion. Follow the coating system's recoat procedure.

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

What is ARADUR 20115 X 70?
ARADUR 20115 X 70 is a solvent-based polyamidoamine epoxy curing agent supplied in xylene.

What does X 70 mean?
"X" denotes xylene as the solvent, while "70" indicates approximately 70% curing-agent solids.

What is the main application?
Its main applications are industrial maintenance, marine and anti-corrosion epoxy coatings.

Is ARADUR 20115 X 70 a pure chemical?
No. It is a proprietary polymeric curing-agent solution and should be treated as a commercial mixture.

What is the viscosity?
Published selector data give approximately 750-1,250 mPa·s at 25°C.

What is the amine value?
Approximately 168-182 mg KOH/g.

What is the active hydrogen equivalent weight?
Approximately 340 g/eq.

Is ARADUR 20115 X 70 solvent free?
No. It contains approximately 30% xylene.

Is it benzyl-alcohol-free?
Published selector information identifies the grade as benzyl-alcohol-free.

Can it cure at room temperature?
Yes. It is intended for ambient-curing epoxy systems.

Why is it used in anti-corrosion coatings?
Its polyamidoamine chemistry provides strong adhesion, flexibility and durable epoxy barrier performance.

Can it be used with solid epoxy resin?
Yes. Published selector information specifically includes use with solid epoxy resin and solvent.

Can it be used with liquid epoxy resin?
It can be used with suitable liquid epoxy resins when the formulation and stoichiometry are correctly designed.

Does one mixing ratio work with every epoxy resin?
No. The required ratio depends on the epoxy equivalent weight of the resin.

Does it have a fixed molecular formula?
No. The active curing agent is polymeric and the supplied material is a mixture.

Does it have one CAS number?
The complete commercial grade should not be assigned a single CAS number without confirmation from the current SDS.

Is ARADUR 20115 X 70 flammable?
The product contains xylene and should be handled as a flammable solvent-containing mixture according to the current SDS.

Can it be used outdoors as a final decorative coating?
Epoxy systems can chalk under UV exposure, so a UV-resistant topcoat is often preferred where long-term exterior appearance is important.

How should it be stored?
Store tightly closed in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location away from ignition sources and incompatible materials.

What documents should be checked before use?
The current TDS, SDS and COA should be used for technical specification, safety and batch-quality information.

FINAL TECHNICAL SUMMARY

ARADUR 20115 X 70 is a solvent-based polyamidoamine curing agent developed for ambient-curing epoxy technology. The commercial product contains approximately 70% active polyamidoamine solids in xylene and is particularly suited to industrial maintenance, marine and anti-corrosion coating systems.
Published selector data characterize ARADUR 20115 X 70 with a viscosity of approximately 750-1,250 mPa·s at 25°C, an amine value of approximately 168-182 mg KOH/g, an active-hydrogen equivalent weight of approximately 340 g/eq and Gardner color of no more than approximately 10. The grade is also identified as benzyl-alcohol-free.

The product should not be treated as a single low-molecular-weight compound. Polyamidoamine is a polymeric curing-agent family, and ARADUR 20115 X 70 is supplied as a formulated solution. Molecular formula, molecular weight, CAS number and EC number should therefore not be invented for the complete trade grade.
Its principal function is to react with epoxy groups and generate a crosslinked thermoset network. The resulting system can provide excellent adhesion, flexibility, water resistance, chemical resistance and corrosion protection when the resin, pigment package and curing-agent ratio are properly selected.

The xylene carrier lowers viscosity and improves handling, resin compatibility, wetting, flow and application. Because xylene evaporates during coating formation, adequate ventilation and suitable film thickness are important. ARADUR 20115 X 70 should not be described as solvent-free, VOC-free or non-flammable.
Polyamidoamine chemistry is especially useful in protective coatings because it combines reactive amine functionality with a relatively flexible, high-molecular-weight structure. This supports good adhesion to steel and mineral substrates while reducing the brittleness associated with some lower-molecular-weight amine curing agents.

ARADUR 20115 X 70 is particularly suited to anti-corrosion primers, marine coatings, protective topcoats, structural-steel systems, tank and pipe coatings, epoxy mastics and other industrial maintenance formulations. Selected adhesive and civil-engineering applications can also be considered where a solvent-containing polyamidoamine system is technically appropriate.
The long working time of the grade is advantageous for large-area industrial applications. Published reference gel-time data exceed approximately 1,000 minutes in the specified solid-epoxy/solvent test system. Practical pot life remains formulation- and temperature-dependent and should be established using the final coating.

The appropriate hardener level must be calculated from the epoxy equivalent weight of the selected resin and the active-hydrogen equivalent weight of ARADUR 20115 X 70. No universal phr should be assumed for all epoxy resins.
Quality control should focus on viscosity, amine value, active-hydrogen equivalent, solids content, color and appearance. These parameters together provide a useful picture of product consistency and curing-agent concentration.
Storage and handling must reflect the presence of both reactive amine chemistry and xylene solvent. Containers should remain tightly closed and protected from heat, moisture, ignition sources and contamination. The current SDS should govern PPE, ventilation, first aid, fire response, transport and disposal.

For ARADUR 20115 X 70 technical specifications, application guidance, TDS, SDS, COA and formulation information, contact ATAMAN KIMYA with the intended epoxy resin system, coating type and required performance characteristics.

ATAMAN KIMYA

Phone: +90 216 577 10 10
Email: info@atamankimya.com