ARADUR 3986

ARADUR 3986 is a waterborne modified polyamine-adduct epoxy curing agent developed for fast-curing two-component primers, direct-to-metal coatings and anti-corrosion systems that require long pot life, visible end of usable life, strong adhesion, flexibility, water resistance and durable corrosion protection. The commercial grade is supplied as an approximately 39-41% solids solution in water and contains no volatile amines or conventional organic solvent, making it particularly useful in low-VOC and VOC-free waterborne epoxy technologies. ARADUR 3986 is especially well suited to compatible liquid epoxy resins and solid "1-type" waterborne epoxy dispersions such as ARALDITE PZ 3961-1, where it is highlighted fast drying, excellent anti-corrosion performance, salt-spray resistance, low yellowing and a clear viscosity increase as the mixed system approaches the end of its usable life.

PRODUCT IDENTITY

Product name: ARADUR 3986
Product type: Waterborne epoxy curing agent / hardener
Chemical family: Polyamines
Specific chemistry: Modified polyamine adduct in water
Carrier: Water
Physical form: Solution
Appearance: Clear or slightly hazy colloidal solution
Color: Light yellow
Gardner color: ≤6 
Odor: Slight
Solids content: Approximately 39-41% by weight
Water content: Approximately 59-61% by difference from solids content
Viscosity at 25°C: Approximately 15,000-35,000 mPa·s / cP
Amine value: Approximately 90-110 mg KOH/g
Active hydrogen equivalent weight: Approximately 415 g/eq as supplied
Density at 25°C: Approximately 1.06 g/cm³ / 8.82 lb/gal
Flash point: Minimum approximately 93°C, closed cup
Typical mix ratio with ARALDITE GY 6010: Approximately 222 g ARADUR 3986 per 100 g resin
Historical comparative gel-time value: Approximately 180 minutes in waterborne-curing-agent selector literature
Current stated pot life: Up to approximately 4 hours depending on solids and filler content
Primary functions: Curing agent and hardener
Primary current end uses: 2K coatings, anti-corrosion coatings, primers and waterborne coatings
Material compatibility: Metal substrate and mineral substrate
Current labeling claims: Low VOC, solvent-free, volatile-amines-free, VOC-free and SVHC-chemicals-free
Primary current product features: Anti-corrosion protection, chemical resistance, corrosion resistance, excellent adhesion, excellent surface aspect, fast cure, fast drying, high flexibility, improved pot life, improved water resistance, low odor, low VOC, low yellowing, moderate-to-long pot life, salt-spray resistance and UV-stability positioning
Key technical features: Fast set time, visible end of pot life, long pot life, very good corrosion resistance, good short-term resistance to salt solutions, non-polar solvents and dilute mineral acids and bases, low color and good yellowing resistance
Preferred resin technologies: Liquid epoxy resins and waterborne solid epoxy resin dispersions
Specific current resin example: ARALDITE PZ 3961-1 solid "1-type" waterborne epoxy dispersion
Specific current liquid resin examples: ARALDITE GY 6010 and ARALDITE GY 9615
Benzyl alcohol: ARADUR 3986 as benzyl-alcohol-free
Storage: Up to approximately two years from date of manufacture at room temperature when stored in original sealed container 
CAS Number: Commercial waterborne modified polyamine-adduct mixture; no single CAS number should be assigned to the complete trade grade without the current SDS
EC Number: Commercial mixture; no single EC number should be assigned to the complete trade grade without the current SDS
Molecular Formula: Not applicable to the complete commercial mixture
Molecular Weight: Variable / not applicable as one fixed value

WHAT IS ARADUR 3986?

ARADUR 3986 is a reactive amine hardener designed specifically for water-dilutable epoxy resin systems. It combines comparatively low active-solids concentration with high curing functionality and is optimized for anti-corrosion coatings where fast film development, long working time and good barrier performance must coexist.
The grade differs from many conventional waterborne hardeners because it is suitable not only with modified and unmodified liquid epoxy resins but also with compatible solid "1-type" epoxy dispersions. ARALDITE PZ 3961-1 is an important partner and highlights the resulting corrosion resistance, adhesion, flexibility and fast-drying behavior.

A particularly useful feature is the visible end of usable life. The mixed system develops a clear viscosity increase as chemical advancement proceeds, giving the applicator a practical indication that the coating is approaching the end of its working window. This is safer than relying only on elapsed time when a waterborne coating can remain visually fluid despite significant reaction progress.
ARADUR 3986 also combines fast set-to-touch behavior with relatively long pot life. This balance helps coating manufacturers and applicators maintain enough time for mixing, transfer and application while still obtaining useful early film development after the coating is applied.

MODIFIED POLYAMINE ADDUCT CHEMISTRY

ARADUR 3986 belongs to the modified polyamine-adduct family of epoxy curing agents. Polyamine adducts are produced by partially reacting amine functionality with suitable reactive materials before final use. This controlled pre-reaction increases molecular size and changes volatility, water compatibility, viscosity, cure response and interfacial behavior compared with the original low-molecular-weight amine.
The commercial adduct still contains reactive primary and secondary amine hydrogens. These sites remain capable of opening epoxy rings and creating the final thermoset network.

Modification is particularly important in waterborne curing-agent design because a simple unmodified amine may not provide the same balance of aqueous compatibility, corrosion performance, pot life and film appearance. ARADUR 3986 is specifically engineered for coatings rather than supplied as a generic laboratory polyamine.
The active material is a proprietary distribution of structures rather than a single pure molecule. Performance parameters such as AHEW, amine value, solids, viscosity, gel behavior and resin compatibility are therefore more meaningful than assigning one structural formula.

HOW EPOXY CURING WORKS

Epoxy resins contain strained three-membered oxirane rings. Primary and secondary amine hydrogens in ARADUR 3986 react with these rings, opening them and forming carbon-nitrogen bonds together with hydroxyl groups.
Because both the epoxy resin and hardener contain multiple reactive sites, repeated reaction creates a three-dimensional crosslinked network. The system gradually changes from a liquid or dispersed mixture into a gel and finally a solid thermoset coating.

Crosslinking continues after the film becomes tack-free. Final hardness, adhesion, water resistance, chemical resistance and corrosion performance continue developing as conversion increases.
In a waterborne system, chemical cure occurs together with physical water removal and film formation. The resin phase must form a continuous film while water leaves the coating. Both chemical and physical processes must be optimized to obtain maximum protective performance.

SOLIDS CONTENT

ARADUR 3986 is supplied at approximately 39-41% solids in water. This is a relatively low solids level compared with high-solids waterborne hardeners such as ARADUR 36, ARADUR 38-1 or ARADUR 3984.
The lower solids concentration means more carrier water is introduced for each unit of active curing agent. This can assist handling and dispersion but increases the amount of water that must evaporate after application.

Solids content also affects formulation stoichiometry. Equal wet weights of ARADUR 3986 and a high-solids hardener contain very different quantities of active curing chemistry.
The commercial as-supplied AHEW and mix-ratio guidance should therefore be used directly rather than attempting to compare hardeners on wet weight alone.

WATER CONTENT

Approximately 59-61% of ARADUR 3986 is water by difference from the published solids range. The water functions as the main carrier and allows the modified polyamine adduct to be processed in aqueous epoxy technology.
Water lowers handling viscosity relative to the dry active polymer and allows blending with compatible liquid epoxy emulsions or solid resin dispersions.
After application, this water must leave the film. Relative humidity, airflow, temperature and film thickness therefore influence drying and early coating performance.
Heavy additional dilution should be approached carefully because it increases drying demand and can reduce wet-film build, sag resistance and early water resistance.

VISCOSITY

The published viscosity of ARADUR 3986 is approximately 15,000-35,000 mPa·s at 25°C. This makes the product substantially more viscous than ARADUR 3985 but still processable as an aqueous curing-agent solution.
Viscosity affects pumping, metering, mixing and dilution. Temperature should be standardized because colder material becomes thicker and can be harder to transfer.
The viscosity of the mixed resin-hardener system also changes as cure advances. Application procedures should therefore monitor both elapsed time and viscosity behavior rather than assuming the coating remains usable simply because it can still be stirred.

AMINE VALUE

ARADUR 3986 has a published amine value of approximately 90-110 mg KOH/g. This analytical value reflects total basic nitrogen functionality in the commercial aqueous product.
Amine value is useful for incoming quality control and product identification. A significant shift can indicate changes in concentration, contamination or chemical composition.
Amine value is not identical to active-hydrogen equivalent weight because basic nitrogen sites do not all contribute the same number of reactive hydrogens.
For formulation stoichiometry,  resin-specific mix ratios are more directly useful.

ACTIVE HYDROGEN EQUIVALENT WEIGHT

ARADUR 3986 has an active-hydrogen equivalent weight of approximately 415 g/eq as supplied. This is relatively high because the commercial hardener contains a large water fraction.
AHEW expresses the mass of commercial hardener that supplies one equivalent of reactive amine hydrogen. It is the central parameter for theoretical epoxy-to-hardener ratio calculations.
Approximately 222 g ARADUR 3986 per 100 g ARALDITE GY 6010 as a typical reference ratio. This ratio reflects both reactive stoichiometry and the commercial product form.
Different epoxy resins require different hardener levels. The 222 phr value should therefore not be transferred automatically to PZ 3961-1, GY 9615 or another commercial resin without checking the relevant formulation guidance.

DENSITY

The typical density of ARADUR 3986 is approximately 1.06 g/cm³ at 25°C, equivalent to about 8.82 lb/gal.
Density is useful for manufacturing, inventory and conversion between mass and volume. Stoichiometric dosing should normally be controlled on a weight basis unless volumetric equipment is accurately calibrated.
Density can also provide a secondary quality-control check. Unexpected change can indicate concentration drift, although solids, viscosity and amine value are more direct composition indicators.

FLASH POINT

Current information lists a minimum flash point around 93°C by closed-cup testing.
This relatively high value is consistent with a waterborne curing agent free from conventional organic solvent. Fire risk is therefore lower than with xylene- or alcohol-cut hardeners.
The organic polyamine-adduct fraction can nevertheless decompose or burn under severe heating. Fire response should follow the current SDS rather than assuming that the waterborne form is completely non-combustible.

SOLVENT-FREE AND VOLATILE-AMINE-FREE POSITIONING

Current information identifies ARADUR 3986 as solvent-free, VOC-free and volatile-amines-free. These attributes differentiate the grade from conventional solvent-cut amine curing agents.
The absence of volatile amines can reduce odor and airborne exposure to low-molecular-weight amine vapor, while the absence of organic solvent supports lower VOC formulation.
The complete coating is not automatically zero-VOC because the resin side, wetting aids, coalescents or other additives may contain volatile organic components.
Formal VOC and volatile-amine claims should therefore be supported by current product-specific documentation and final formulation calculations.

BENZYL-ALCOHOL-FREE CHARACTER

Published selector information identifies ARADUR 3986 as benzyl-alcohol-free.
Benzyl alcohol is commonly used in some amine hardeners as a viscosity reducer or cure modifier. Eliminating it can support low-VOC design and can reduce the possibility of migration or water-sensitivity effects associated with this auxiliary component.
The grade remains waterborne rather than solvent-free in the literal sense of containing no carrier, because water is the principal carrier.

VISIBLE END OF POT LIFE

ARADUR 3986 provides a visible end of usable life through viscosity increase. This is an important practical advantage for field and factory application.
Many waterborne epoxy systems can remain deceptively fluid after chemical advancement has progressed far enough to damage final properties. An obvious viscosity rise gives the applicator a clearer signal that the mixed coating has reached its application limit.
The end-of-life indication does not eliminate the need to track mixing time. Surface appearance, sprayability and leveling can begin changing before a dramatic viscosity jump is observed.
Once chemical advancement has occurred, additional water should not be used to restore the original working state because dilution cannot reverse crosslinking.

LONG POT LIFE

Current information describes long pot life of up to approximately four hours depending on solids and filler content.
Older selector literature gives a comparative gel-time value around 180 minutes. The difference illustrates why pot life, gel time and usable coating life should not be treated as identical measurements.
Pigment loading, filler level, resin type and water content can change heat generation, viscosity and cure kinetics. A heavily filled anti-corrosion primer can therefore behave differently from a clear liquid-resin system.
The formulation should define its own practical pot-life endpoint through viscosity, application quality and final-film testing.

FAST SET AND FAST DRYING

ARADUR 3986 combines long pot life with fast set-to-touch and fast drying after application. This balance is a key advantage.
Thin film application increases surface area and promotes water evaporation relative to the bulk mixed material in the container. Film cure can therefore advance rapidly even though the bulk pot life remains relatively long.
Fast dry is especially valuable in industrial maintenance and primer systems because it can reduce time before handling, recoating or topcoating.
Environmental conditions still matter. High humidity, low temperature and poor airflow can slow water removal even when the chemical reaction itself is relatively fast.

ANTI-CORROSION PERFORMANCE

Anti-corrosion performance is one of the defining strengths of ARADUR 3986. It is specifically developed the grade for anti-corrosive primers and highlights very good corrosion resistance.
The cured epoxy network creates a barrier that slows transport of water, oxygen and ionic contaminants toward the metal surface. Strong adhesion also limits underfilm corrosion propagation.
Performance is especially strong when ARADUR 3986 is formulated with compatible waterborne epoxy resin technology such as ARALDITE PZ 3961-1.
The hardener itself is not a corrosion-inhibiting pigment. Long-term performance still depends on surface preparation, pigment package, coating porosity, dry-film thickness and the full multilayer system.

SALT-SPRAY RESISTANCE

Current product features include salt-spray resistance. Salt-spray testing is commonly used to compare the corrosion performance of coated metal panels exposed to a chloride-rich environment.
Good salt-spray performance requires low film porosity, strong adhesion and suitable pigment design. ARADUR 3986 contributes through the cured binder network and interfacial adhesion.
The test result belongs to the complete coating formulation and substrate preparation rather than the curing agent alone.
Salt-spray data should therefore be generated on the final primer or DTM coating at the intended dry-film thickness.

CHEMICAL RESISTANCE

Product information lists chemical resistance and notes good short-term resistance to salt solutions, non-polar solvents and dilute mineral acids and bases.
Chemical resistance depends on the complete epoxy network. Resin backbone, crosslink density, cure state, film thickness and exposure temperature all influence performance.
Short-term splash resistance does not automatically establish suitability for continuous immersion. Immersion is more severe because chemicals remain in constant contact with the film.
The actual formulation should therefore be tested with the intended chemical, concentration, temperature and exposure duration.

WATER RESISTANCE

Water resistance develops as carrier water leaves and the epoxy network reaches higher conversion. Early exposure can produce whitening, softness or temporary loss of gloss if the film has not cured sufficiently.
Solid resin dispersions such as PZ 3961-1 can provide a strong final barrier when properly coalesced and cured.
Water resistance should be evaluated after the validated cure period rather than immediately after set-to-touch.

ADHESION

Excellent adhesion is a current product feature. The modified polyamine-adduct hardener supports strong bonding of epoxy resin to prepared metal and mineral surfaces.
On steel, surface preparation should remove oil, soluble salts and corrosion products and should create the required profile. On concrete, weak laitance, dust and curing compounds should be removed.
Waterborne technology does not eliminate surface-preparation requirements. A coating cannot develop durable adhesion to a contaminated or mechanically weak boundary layer.
Adhesion should be tested after full cure and after relevant exposure conditions such as water, salt fog or thermal cycling.

FLEXIBILITY AND IMPACT RESISTANCE

Current information highlights high flexibility, and application guidance also refers to good impact resistance.
Flexibility helps coatings tolerate substrate movement, vibration and impact without cracking or delaminating. This is particularly important for industrial steel and maintenance coatings.
The final balance between flexibility and hardness depends on resin chemistry, hardener ratio, pigment loading and cure.
A highly filled anti-corrosion primer can exhibit different impact behavior from a clear resin-hardener film even when the same curing agent is used.

LOW YELLOWING AND UV-STABILITY POSITIONING

ARADUR 3986 is specifically described as providing good yellowing resistance, and current product features include low yellowing and UV-stability positioning.
This is valuable for pale primers, intermediate coats and waterborne systems where excessive amine discoloration would be undesirable.
Low yellowing of the curing agent does not make a conventional epoxy coating fully weather-resistant outdoors. Epoxy resin itself can chalk and lose gloss under prolonged UV exposure.
Where long-term decorative exterior appearance is critical, a UV-resistant topcoat such as polyurethane, acrylic or polysiloxane is often more appropriate.

APPLICATIONS

Waterborne anti-corrosion primers
Anti-corrosion primers are the principal application for ARADUR 3986. The hardener is designed to provide fast drying, strong adhesion and heavy-duty corrosion resistance comparable with conventional solvent-based epoxy systems when the full formulation is properly optimized.

Direct-to-metal coatings
Waterborne starter-formulation guidance specifically maps ARADUR 3986 to direct-to-metal applications. DTM coatings combine primer and finish functions and therefore require a carefully balanced pigment package, surface wetting and barrier performance.

Solid-resin-dispersion primers
ARADUR 3986 is especially suited to solid "1-type" epoxy dispersions such as ARALDITE PZ 3961-1. 

Liquid-epoxy primers
The hardener can also be used with modified and unmodified liquid epoxy resins such as ARALDITE GY 6010 and ARALDITE GY 9615. These systems can provide fast set-to-touch and long pot life.

Industrial maintenance coatings
Steel structures, machinery and process equipment can use ARADUR 3986-based waterborne epoxy primers where solvent reduction and corrosion protection are desired.

General industrial coatings
Fabricated metal components, housings, cabinets and industrial assemblies can use waterborne epoxy coatings based on ARADUR 3986 where adhesion, flexibility and corrosion resistance are important.

Steel primers
Prepared carbon steel is a primary substrate for ARADUR 3986 anti-corrosion technology. Blast cleaning or other appropriate preparation should be selected according to service severity.

Metal primers
Current compatibility includes metal substrates. Aluminum, galvanized steel and other metals may require substrate-specific pretreatment or tie-coat technology.

Protective coatings
ARADUR 3986 can be incorporated into waterborne protective epoxy systems where resistance to moisture, salts and industrial exposure is required.

Marine and coastal primers
The strong anti-corrosion and salt-spray profile makes ARADUR 3986 relevant to suitably qualified marine and coastal protective systems. Salt contamination must be removed carefully before coating.

Container coatings
Shipping containers and transport structures can benefit from low-VOC waterborne anti-corrosion primers where fast drying is important for production throughput.

Structural-steel coatings
Bridges, factories, warehouses and process structures can use compatible waterborne epoxy primers based on ARADUR 3986 as part of a multilayer protective system.

Machinery coatings
Machine frames, housings and equipment can use ARADUR 3986-based primers under compatible topcoats. Good impact resistance and flexibility are useful in industrial service.

Equipment primers
Pumps, motors, fabricated equipment and plant components can be protected with suitable waterborne epoxy primer systems.

Pipe coatings
Atmospheric and selected industrial pipe coatings can use ARADUR 3986 where the final formulation meets adhesion, chemical and corrosion requirements.

Tank exteriors
Exterior tank surfaces can use ARADUR 3986 epoxy primers beneath weather-resistant topcoats. Immersion service requires separate formulation qualification.

Maintenance primers
Waterborne maintenance primers can reduce solvent odor during repair work while providing durable adhesion and corrosion protection.

Factory-applied primers
Controlled production environments can use forced airflow or moderate heat to accelerate drying and improve throughput.

Fast-dry primers
Fast drying is a key ARADUR 3986 advantage. Formulations can be optimized for short time to touch and rapid recoat while retaining a useful pot life.

Low-VOC primers
The solvent-free and VOC-free hardener form supports low-emission primer technology. Other formulation ingredients must also be selected appropriately.

VOC-free hardener systems
ARADUR 3986 itself introduces no conventional organic solvent and no volatile amines, supporting coatings designed around stringent emission targets.

Salt-resistant coatings
Good short-term salt-solution resistance and salt-spray performance make the grade useful in environments exposed to chloride contamination or deicing salts.

Chemical-resistant primers
ARADUR 3986 can be used in primers exposed to dilute mineral acids, dilute bases and non-polar solvents where the full cured coating has been validated.

Water-resistant coatings
The cured epoxy network can provide useful water resistance after complete drying and cure. Early exposure should be avoided.

Impact-resistant coatings
Good flexibility and impact resistance make the grade useful on fabricated steel subject to handling or mechanical shock.

Flexible epoxy primers
ARADUR 3986 can contribute to epoxy systems that need more flexibility than highly brittle, rigid curing systems.

Pale anti-corrosion coatings
Low color and yellowing resistance can be valuable in light-colored primers or intermediate coatings.

Mineral-substrate primers
Current compatibility includes mineral substrates. ARADUR 3986 can therefore be evaluated in compatible concrete or masonry primer systems even though its strongest positioning is anti-corrosion metal coating.

Concrete primers
Waterborne epoxy primers for prepared concrete can use ARADUR 3986 where the selected resin provides suitable film formation and moisture compatibility.

Concrete protective coatings
Mineral surfaces requiring chemical and water resistance can use compatible ARADUR 3986 systems after substrate preparation and moisture assessment.

Civil-engineering coatings
Infrastructure and maintenance systems can use the hardener where low VOC and durable epoxy performance are required.

Primer-sealers
ARADUR 3986 can be evaluated in low-build primer-sealers where adhesion and film continuity are more important than maximum film thickness.

Barrier primers
Pigment and filler selection can be used to increase diffusion path length and improve barrier protection in corrosive environments.

Zinc-phosphate primers
Compatible zinc-phosphate and other non-metallic anti-corrosive pigments can be incorporated into ARADUR 3986 formulations to supplement binder barrier properties.

Lamellar-pigment primers
Mica, micaceous iron oxide and other lamellar fillers can improve barrier performance by increasing the path length for water and oxygen diffusion.

Waterborne topcoats
ARADUR 3986 can be used in selected waterborne epoxy topcoat formulations where low yellowing and surface appearance are suitable. Exterior decorative weathering should be considered separately.

Interior industrial coatings
Low odor and low VOC make the grade useful in indoor industrial areas where conventional solvent-based primer application would be disruptive.

Workshop coatings
Equipment and metal surfaces in workshops can use ARADUR 3986-based coatings where oils, water and cleaning agents are expected.

Utility-area coatings
Plant rooms and service areas can benefit from waterborne epoxy durability with reduced solvent odor.

Packaging-coating-related industrial use
Current application information includes primers and lacquers within its coatings market grouping. Any regulated packaging-contact application would require separate compliance documentation for the complete formulation.

Multi-coat protective systems
ARADUR 3986 can serve as the primer hardener beneath compatible epoxy intermediate coats and UV-resistant finish coats.

High-humidity industrial environments
Strong water resistance and adhesion make the grade relevant where humidity is common, provided the coating can dry adequately during application.

Coastal infrastructure
Steel near coastal environments can benefit from the salt-spray and anti-corrosion profile of properly formulated ARADUR 3986 primers.

Transport equipment
Frames, trailers and industrial transport components can use waterborne anti-corrosion primers based on ARADUR 3986 where production drying is controlled.

Agricultural equipment
Prepared metal machinery exposed to moisture and fertilizers can use appropriate ARADUR 3986 protective primers after chemical-resistance validation.

Construction equipment
Heavy equipment and fabricated steel components can use waterborne epoxy primers beneath durable topcoat systems.

ARALDITE PZ 3961-1 COMPATIBILITY

ARALDITE PZ 3961-1 is a solid "1-type" waterborne epoxy resin dispersion specifically highlighted for use with ARADUR 3986.
It is stated that coatings based on this combination provide superior corrosion resistance, fast drying, excellent adhesion and flexibility. This makes the pair particularly relevant to anti-corrosion primers and DTM coatings.
Solid resin dispersions require successful coalescence as water evaporates. ARADUR 3986 is specifically engineered to work with PZ 3961-1, making this a significant distinction from hardeners that are suitable mainly for liquid epoxy emulsions.
The exact mix ratio and formulation water level should follow the current PZ 3961-1 and ARADUR 3986 technical documentation rather than being inferred from the GY 6010 reference ratio.

ARALDITE GY 6010 REFERENCE RATIO

High-performance selector gives a typical mix ratio of approximately 222 parts ARADUR 3986 per 100 parts ARALDITE GY 6010 liquid epoxy resin.
The relatively high wet-hardener level reflects the approximately 39-41% solids content and the as-supplied AHEW of approximately 415 g/eq.
This ratio is a reference for GY 6010 and should not be assumed to apply to other liquid or dispersed epoxies.
A different resin EEW or dispersion solids content can change both chemical stoichiometry and physical film formation.

ARALDITE GY 9615 COMPATIBILITY

Current product information lists ARALDITE GY 9615 as an example of a modified or unmodified liquid epoxy resin that can be used with ARADUR 3986.
The combination can deliver long pot life together with fast set-to-touch behavior, depending on formulation.
Current resin-specific technical documentation should be used to determine the appropriate hardener ratio and dilution.
Film performance should be verified for adhesion, water resistance, chemical resistance and corrosion protection after full cure.

LIQUID EPOXY RESINS

ARADUR 3986 can be used with compatible liquid epoxy resins in water-dilutable formulations.
Liquid epoxy systems often require emulsification or surfactant support so that the resin remains dispersed in the aqueous phase after hardener addition.
Resin EEW determines theoretical hardener demand, while emulsifier chemistry affects film formation and water resistance.
A successful liquid-resin system should remain stable during pot life and then form a continuous film as water leaves.

SOLID EPOXY DISPERSIONS

Compatibility with solid epoxy dispersions is an important strength of ARADUR 3986.
Solid "1-type" dispersions contain preformed epoxy resin particles in water. These particles must coalesce into a continuous film while reacting with the amine hardener.
ARADUR 3986 is specifically formulated to support this process in PZ 3961-1 systems.
Temperature, humidity and particle morphology influence coalescence, so environmental conditions remain important even when chemical compatibility is excellent.

DIRECT-TO-METAL SYSTEMS

Waterborne starter-formulation guide maps ARADUR 3986 to direct-to-metal coating technology.
DTM systems require the coating to provide both substrate adhesion and corrosion protection without relying on a separate primer layer.
This places strong demands on wetting, pigment design, film continuity and early water resistance.
ARADUR 3986 contributes through strong adhesion, flexible network formation and good corrosion resistance, while pigments and film thickness provide additional protection.

ANTI-CORROSION PRIMERS

Starter-formulation guide specifically maps ARADUR 3986 to anti-corrosion primer formulations.
These systems can use solid or liquid epoxy technology depending on the desired balance of dry time, application viscosity and final properties.
Zinc phosphate, lamellar pigments and barrier extenders can complement the epoxy binder.
Corrosion protection should be validated through salt spray, cyclic corrosion, immersion or other tests appropriate to the target environment.

POT LIFE VERSUS DRY TIME

One of ARADUR 3986's most valuable formulation characteristics is the separation between bulk pot life and applied-film dry time.
The mixed coating can remain workable for hours, while a thin applied film dries and cures much more rapidly because water evaporates efficiently and the film has a high surface-area-to-volume ratio.
This allows applicators to work with a practical batch size without accepting excessively slow film development.
Temperature, airflow and humidity still affect both properties, so the final formulation should be tested under realistic application conditions.

PIGMENT COMPATIBILITY

ARADUR 3986 can be used in pigmented primers and DTM coatings where the pigment package remains compatible with the aqueous amine system.
Titanium dioxide, iron oxides, zinc phosphate, barytes, talc, mica and micaceous iron oxide are examples of pigment and extender classes that may be evaluated.
Pigment surfaces can adsorb dispersant or amine, altering viscosity and cure. Soluble salts can also influence waterborne stability.
The pigment grind should therefore be optimized for the complete resin-hardener system rather than developed only on the resin side.

ANTI-CORROSIVE PIGMENTS

Anti-corrosive pigments supplement the barrier protection provided by the epoxy binder.
Zinc phosphate and related inhibitive pigments can reduce corrosion at defects and improve long-term primer performance when properly formulated.
Lamellar materials can increase diffusion path length and reduce moisture transport.
Pigment concentration must remain below the level at which binder continuity becomes too weak or porous.

ZINC-RICH SYSTEMS

ARADUR 3986 should not automatically be treated as the preferred hardener for every zinc-rich primer simply because it has strong anti-corrosion performance.
Metallic zinc can react in aqueous alkaline environments and generate hydrogen gas if the formulation is not specifically stabilized.
Waterborne selector literature associates other curing-agent technologies with dedicated 2K zinc-rich primer starting formulations.
Any zinc-rich use with ARADUR 3986 therefore requires specific stability, gas-evolution and corrosion testing.

FILLERS

Mineral fillers can control cost, rheology, permeability and mechanical properties.
Barytes, talc, mica, silica and calcium carbonate can be evaluated depending on primer design.
Waterborne systems are sensitive to soluble salts and filler surface chemistry. Raw-material consistency therefore matters.
High filler loading can reduce gloss and increase viscosity but may improve barrier performance when optimized.

RHEOLOGY CONTROL

Waterborne anti-corrosion primers require enough low-shear structure to prevent pigment settling and sag while remaining sprayable.
Associative thickeners, cellulose derivatives, clays or other rheology modifiers can be used where compatible.
Amine hardener addition changes pH and ionic conditions, so rheology should always be measured after complete mixing.
The viscosity profile should remain acceptable throughout the pot-life window.

DEFOAMING

Waterborne coatings can entrain foam during pigment dispersion, mixing and application.
Entrapped bubbles create pinholes and reduce barrier performance, which is particularly harmful in anti-corrosion primers.
Suitable defoamers can improve air release, but excessive defoamer can create craters or reduce adhesion.
Defoamer selection should therefore be integrated with corrosion testing rather than optimized only for appearance.

WATER DILUTION

Water may be added to ARADUR 3986 formulations to adjust application viscosity, but the exact amount should be controlled carefully.
Additional water lowers wet-film solids and increases the drying burden. It can also reduce sag resistance and film build.
The water level should be optimized together with spray equipment, pigment loading and resin dispersion.
Deionized water is generally preferred where ionic contamination could affect corrosion performance or dispersion stability.

ORDER OF ADDITION

The order in which resin, pigment grind, water, additives and hardener are combined can strongly influence a waterborne epoxy coating.
ARADUR 3986 should be distributed uniformly through the formulation under adequate agitation.
Localized concentration of amine hardener can create temporary viscosity spikes or destabilization.
Production instructions should therefore specify mixing time, shear and addition sequence rather than relying on operator preference.

FILM COALESCENCE

Solid resin dispersion systems require physical coalescence as water evaporates.
PZ 3961-1 particles must merge into a continuous film while chemical reaction with ARADUR 3986 progresses.
If film formation is incomplete, the coating can become porous, weak or hazy and corrosion resistance will suffer.
Temperature and humidity should therefore remain within the validated application range for the full resin-hardener system.

DRYING AND VENTILATION

Fast drying is a product strength, but adequate ventilation remains necessary because water must leave the film.
High humidity or stagnant air can reduce the evaporation driving force and slow physical drying.
Moving air supports water removal, while excessively strong airflow can sometimes cause surface skinning or dry spray during application.
The optimum ventilation profile depends on film thickness and application method.

LOW-TEMPERATURE APPLICATION

Low temperature increases viscosity and slows both chemical cure and water evaporation.
ARADUR 3986 is fast-curing, but the final system should still be tested at the minimum intended application temperature.
Cold steel can also fall below the dew point, producing condensation that damages adhesion.
Substrate temperature and dew-point margin should therefore be monitored during field application.

HIGH-HUMIDITY APPLICATION

High relative humidity slows water loss from the wet film.
Even a chemically reactive hardener cannot fully compensate if carrier water remains trapped.
Film thickness, airflow and substrate temperature should be controlled so the coating can dry uniformly.
Early corrosion testing should be performed under realistic humidity conditions when the intended service involves damp environments.

SURFACE PREPARATION

Metal surfaces should be free from grease, soluble salts, rust and loose mill scale before ARADUR 3986 primer application.
Abrasive blasting is often preferred for severe corrosion environments because it provides both cleanliness and surface profile.
Concrete or mineral substrates should be sound, clean and free from weak laitance and curing compounds.
The coating system specification should define the required preparation grade because surface condition strongly influences adhesion and corrosion performance.

FLASH RUST CONTROL

Waterborne primers applied to steel can be vulnerable to flash rust before the film develops adequate barrier protection.
Fast drying helps reduce this risk, but pigment and inhibitor selection remain important.
Water quality and dissolved salts can also influence early corrosion.
The formulation should be tested for flash-rust behavior on the actual steel substrate under expected humidity conditions.

RECOATABILITY

ARADUR 3986 primers can be overcoated with compatible waterborne or solvent-borne coatings within a validated recoat window.
Applying the next coat while the primer retains chemical receptivity can improve intercoat adhesion.
After full cure, abrasion or cleaning may be required depending on surface condition and topcoat chemistry.
Amine-derived surface deposits, dirt or salts should be removed before recoating.

AMINE BLUSH

Amine-cured epoxy systems can form surface carbamate deposits when reactive amines interact with moisture and carbon dioxide.
Waterborne adduct chemistry can reduce some free-amine behavior but does not eliminate the underlying chemistry.
Blush can interfere with intercoat adhesion and appearance.
Any suspected surface deposit should be removed according to the coating procedure before topcoating.

WEATHERING

ARADUR 3986 is positioned for low yellowing and good UV stability relative to many conventional amine hardeners.
Nevertheless, standard epoxy resin chemistry can chalk and lose gloss under long-term sunlight.
For exterior decorative systems, an epoxy primer or intermediate coat is commonly protected with a weather-resistant topcoat.
Yellowing resistance should therefore be considered an advantage within the epoxy class rather than a guarantee of polyurethane-like exterior color retention.

QUALITY CONTROL

Important quality-control parameters include appearance, viscosity, amine value, solids content, density and color.
The commercial product should remain a clear or slightly hazy colloidal solution without abnormal separation.
Solids content verifies active concentration, while viscosity confirms handling consistency and amine value monitors chemical functionality.
Functional cure or gel-time testing with a standardized epoxy resin can provide additional confirmation when application consistency is critical.

WHY SOLIDS CONTENT MATTERS

Solids content determines how much active curing agent is delivered per unit weight.
If solids fall below specification, more water and less reactive hardener are added at the same wet weight, changing stoichiometry and drying.
If solids rise, viscosity and active concentration can increase.
The 39-41% range is therefore central to both formulation calculation and quality control.

WHY AHEW MATTERS

AHEW links hardener mass to reactive amine hydrogen.
ARADUR 3986's approximately 415 g/eq value applies to the product as supplied, including its water carrier.
Using a dry-solids value without adjusting all weights would produce a serious mix-ratio error.
Published reference ratios should therefore be used whenever the exact resin pair is known.

WHY POT LIFE MATTERS

Long pot life reduces material waste and gives applicators time to mix, transfer and spray larger batches.
The visible viscosity increase at the end of usable life makes the working window easier to control.
Pot life remains temperature- and formulation-dependent.
Each production coating should define its own maximum application time rather than relying only on a generic product value.

TDS, SDS AND COA

The current Technical Data Sheet, Enhanced TDS or official product page should be used to confirm product properties, mix ratios, storage information and application guidance.
The Safety Data Sheet governs formal composition disclosure, hazard classification, first aid, firefighting, transport, handling and disposal.
The Certificate of Analysis provides batch-specific controlled values where supplied.
Historical selector literature is useful for formulation comparison but should not replace current regulatory or specification documents.

SAFETY AND HANDLING

ARADUR 3986 is a reactive amine curing agent and should be handled according to the current SDS.
The waterborne, solvent-free and volatile-amine-free form reduces conventional solvent and amine-vapor exposure but does not eliminate contact hazards from reactive amine chemistry.
Suitable chemical-resistant gloves, eye protection and protective clothing should be used.
Ventilation should be appropriate for the complete coating system and application method, particularly when spraying.

FIRST AID

After skin contact, contaminated skin should be washed promptly according to current SDS guidance and contaminated clothing should be removed where appropriate.
If product enters the eyes, immediate and prolonged rinsing with clean water should begin and medical attention should be obtained according to SDS instructions.
If mist or aerosol is inhaled and symptoms develop, move the affected person to fresh air and obtain appropriate medical advice.
After accidental ingestion, follow the current SDS and medical guidance rather than generic amine instructions.

SPILL MANAGEMENT

Spilled ARADUR 3986 can create a slippery surface because it is an aqueous polymeric liquid.
The spill should be contained while personnel use the protective equipment specified in the SDS.
Recovered liquid and contaminated absorbent should be placed in suitable labeled waste containers.
Uncontrolled discharge to drains, soil or surface water should be prevented.

FIRE RESPONSE

The high water content and high flash point reduce conventional flammability relative to solvent-cut hardeners.
The organic polyamine-adduct fraction can nevertheless decompose or burn under severe heat and can generate hazardous fumes.
Firefighting media, firefighter PPE and emergency procedures should follow the current SDS.

STORAGE

Current information states that ARADUR 3986 may be stored for up to approximately two years from the date of manufacture at room temperature when kept in the original sealed container.
Containers should remain tightly closed and protected from contamination, excessive heat and unnecessary water loss.
Waterborne products should also be protected from freezing unless the current SDS or TDS states otherwise.
Material should be brought to appropriate processing temperature before viscosity-sensitive pumping or metering.

REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS

Current information identifies ARADUR 3986 as low VOC, solvent-free, volatile-amines-free, VOC-free and SVHC-chemicals-free.
These claims are time-sensitive and should be supported by current documentation whenever used formally.
The commercial grade is a proprietary mixture, so inventory and hazard status depend on all components and the jurisdiction.
Current information lists TSCA and TCSI inventory status, but regulatory declarations should always be checked for the intended market.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS

Waterborne solvent-free curing-agent technology can reduce conventional organic-solvent emissions.
Uncured amine-containing material should nevertheless not be discharged directly into soil, drains or surface water.
Cleaning water from coating operations can contain hardener, resin, pigments and additives and should be managed as process waste under applicable rules.
Fully cured epoxy has different mobility and reactivity from uncured components, but disposal requirements remain jurisdiction-specific.

COMMON FORMULATION PROBLEMS

Pot life shorter than expected
High material temperature, large batch size, reactive pigments or a more reactive resin can shorten the working period. Standardize temperature and batch size before changing chemistry.

Slow drying
High humidity, low temperature, poor airflow or excessive water dilution can delay physical drying. Improve ventilation and control added water.

Poor corrosion resistance
Insufficient surface preparation, low film thickness, pinholes, off-ratio mixing or an unsuitable pigment package can reduce protection. Evaluate the complete primer system.

Flash rust
Waterborne coating on reactive steel can develop early rust if drying is slow or inhibition is inadequate. Optimize water quality, pigment package and drying conditions.

Poor adhesion
Oil, salts, rust, dust or weak mineral surfaces can create a weak boundary layer. Correct substrate preparation before changing the hardener.

Loss of flexibility
Excessive pigment loading, highly rigid resin or incorrect ratio can produce a brittle film. Rebalance binder and filler levels.

Soft film
Incorrect stoichiometry, retained water or incomplete cure can leave the film soft. Verify mix ratio and drying conditions.

Poor coalescence
Low temperature or an incompatible resin dispersion can prevent continuous film formation. Use validated resin technology such as compatible PZ 3961-1 systems and maintain adequate film-forming temperature.

Foaming
High-speed mixing, surfactant imbalance or porous substrate outgassing can introduce bubbles. Optimize mixing and defoamer selection.

Sagging
Excess water or insufficient rheology can reduce vertical hold. Adjust dilution and rheology modifier.

Low chemical resistance
Incomplete cure or unsuitable resin chemistry can reduce resistance. Test the fully cured formulation under actual exposure conditions.

Loss of gloss
Late-pot-life application, poor flow, foam or incomplete film formation can reduce surface appearance. Apply material within its validated working window.

Phase instability
Incompatible additives, pigment electrolytes or incorrect addition order can destabilize the aqueous system. Review raw materials and mixing sequence.

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

What is ARADUR 3986?
ARADUR 3986 is a waterborne modified polyamine-adduct epoxy curing agent designed mainly for fast-curing anti-corrosion primers and other two-component waterborne epoxy coatings.

What is the solids content?
Approximately 39-41% by weight.

What is the viscosity?
Approximately 15,000-35,000 mPa·s at 25°C.

What is the amine value?
Approximately 90-110 mg KOH/g.

What is the active hydrogen equivalent weight?
Approximately 415 g/eq as supplied.

What is the density?
Approximately 1.06 g/cm³ at 25°C.

What is the flash point?
a minimum of approximately 93°C by closed-cup testing.

Does ARADUR 3986 contain organic solvent?
 the grade as solvent-free and VOC-free.

Does ARADUR 3986 contain volatile amines?
Current information identifies ARADUR 3986 as volatile-amines-free.

Is ARADUR 3986 benzyl-alcohol-free?
the grade is benzyl-alcohol-free.

What is the typical mix ratio with ARALDITE GY 6010?
Approximately 222 g ARADUR 3986 per 100 g ARALDITE GY 6010.

What is the main recommended resin dispersion?
ARALDITE PZ 3961-1 is specifically highlighted as a compatible solid "1-type" waterborne epoxy dispersion.

What is the typical pot life?
Current information states up to approximately four hours depending on solids and filler content.

What are the main applications?
Waterborne anti-corrosion primers, direct-to-metal coatings, industrial maintenance coatings and other two-component waterborne epoxy systems.

What are the main performance benefits?
Fast drying, fast cure, strong adhesion, flexibility, water resistance, anti-corrosion performance, salt-spray resistance, low yellowing and long pot life.

Is ARADUR 3986 suitable for metal?
Yes. 

Is ARADUR 3986 suitable for mineral substrates?
Yes. Mineral substrate is also listed.

Does ARADUR 3986 have one CAS number?
No single CAS number should be assigned to the complete proprietary commercial mixture without confirmation from the current SDS.

How should ARADUR 3986 be stored?
Current information states that the product can be stored for up to approximately two years from manufacture at room temperature in the original sealed container.

What documents should be checked before use?
Use the current TDS or Enhanced TDS, SDS and batch-specific quality documentation where available.

FINAL TECHNICAL SUMMARY

ARADUR 3986 is a waterborne modified polyamine-adduct epoxy curing agent specifically developed for fast-curing two-component anti-corrosion primers, DTM coatings and other waterborne protective systems. The product combines long working time with rapid applied-film cure and an observable end of usable life through viscosity increase.
The literature identifies ARADUR 3986 at approximately 39-41% solids in water, 15,000-35,000 mPa·s viscosity at 25°C, approximately 415 g/eq active-hydrogen equivalent weight, about 1.06 g/cm³ density and Gardner color no higher than approximately 6.

Current product information specifies an amine value of approximately 90-110 mg KOH/g and a minimum closed-cup flash point around 93°C. The grade is supplied as a clear or slightly hazy light-yellow solution with slight odor.
The product is free from conventional organic solvent and is positioned as low VOC, VOC-free and volatile-amines-free. Published selector information also identifies ARADUR 3986 as benzyl-alcohol-free.

A major formulation strength is compatibility with both liquid epoxy resins and waterborne solid epoxy dispersions. ARALDITE PZ 3961-1 is specifically highlighted for excellent anti-corrosion performance, fast drying, adhesion and flexibility.
Current information also cites ARALDITE GY 6010 and GY 9615 as liquid epoxy resin examples. The high-performance selector gives approximately 222 parts ARADUR 3986 per 100 parts GY 6010 as a typical reference ratio.
The product provides a visible end of usable life through viscosity rise and can offer pot life up to approximately four hours depending on solids and filler loading. Historical selector information lists a comparative gel-time value around 180 minutes.
Fast set-to-touch behavior after application allows useful production throughput despite the long bulk working window. This combination is particularly valuable in factory and field primer application.

Anti-corrosion performance is central to the grade. It is listed corrosion resistance, salt-spray resistance, improved water resistance, chemical resistance and strong adhesion among its key features.
Low color and good yellowing resistance improve suitability for pale protective coatings. UV-stability positioning should be understood as an advantage within epoxy chemistry rather than a guarantee of unlimited exterior gloss retention.
Waterborne processing requires good control of temperature, humidity and ventilation. The carrier water must leave the film while epoxy-amine crosslinking and resin coalescence develop.

ARADUR 3986 should not be assigned an invented fixed molecular formula, molecular weight, CAS number or EC number. The grade is a proprietary commercial mixture and current product-specific SDS documentation should control formal identity and hazard classification.
Quality control should focus on solids content, viscosity, amine value, density, color, appearance and functional cure behavior. For anti-corrosion applications, finished-formulation salt-spray or cyclic-corrosion testing is also important.
Current information states that ARADUR 3986 can be stored for approximately two years from manufacture at room temperature in the original sealed container. Current package and supplier documentation should govern actual shelf-life decisions.
For ARADUR 3986 technical specifications, application guidance, TDS, SDS, COA and formulation information, contact ATAMAN KIMYA with the intended epoxy resin, substrate, primer type, application method and required corrosion-performance level.

ATAMAN KIMYA
Phone: +90 216 577 10 10
Email: info@atamankimya.com