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Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt has the chemical formula NaC7H5O2; it is a widely used food preservative, with E number E211.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt is the sodium salt of benzoic acid and exists in this form when dissolved in water.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt can be produced by reacting sodium hydroxide with benzoic acid.
CAS Number: 532-32-1
Molecular Formula: C7H5NaO2
Molecular Weight: 144.10317
EINECS Number: 208-534-8
Synonyms:sodium benzoate, 532-32-1, Sobenate, Antimol, Benzoic acid, sodium salt, sodium;benzoate, Benzoate sodium, Benzoate of soda, Benzoate, sodium, Natrium benzoicum, FEMA No. 3025, Fuminaru, Benzoan sodny, Microcare sb, PUROX S, Benzoesaeure (na-salz), OJ245FE5EU, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 009103, INS NO.211, DTXSID1020140, E211, AI3-07835, INS-211, DTXCID90140, E-211, CHEBI:113455, Benzoic acid, sodium salt (1:1), 208-534-8, Amzoate, Mthwsh, s panax mist, monosodium benzoate, RefChem:6684, s panax mist for refill, s panax all in one mist, Benzoic acid sodium salt, Sodiumbenzoate, benzoic acid sodium, MFCD00012463, Caswell No. 746, Benzoan sodny [Czech], FEMA Number 3025, C7H5NaO2, CCRIS 3921, HSDB 696, Benzoesaeure (na-salz) [German], EINECS 208-534-8, UNII-OJ245FE5EU, BzONa, Sodium benzoate [USAN:JAN:NF], Sodium benzoate (TN), SCHEMBL823, ACMC-209l4v, EC 208-534-8, CHEMBL1356, SODIUM BENZOATE [II], SODIUM BENZOATE [MI], Sodium benzoate (JP18/NF), SODIUM BENZOATE [FCC], SODIUM BENZOATE [JAN], SODIUM BENZOATE [FHFI], SODIUM BENZOATE [HSDB], SODIUM BENZOATE [USAN], orb1299199, SODIUM BENZOATE [VANDF], SODIUM BENZOATE [MART.], MSK2502, SODIUM BENZOATE [USP-RS], SODIUM BENZOATE [WHO-DD], HMS5082O07, HY-Y1316, Tox21_300125, ANW-31661, SODIUM BENZOATE [ORANGE BOOK], AKOS003053000, AKOS015890021, SODIUM BENZOATE [EP MONOGRAPH], CCG-266169, FS36694, RL03967, AMMONUL COMPONENT SODIUM BENZOATE, UCEPHAN COMPONENT SODIUM BENZOATE, NCGC00254072-01, AK308412, CAS-532-32-1, DA-57965, CS-0017788, NS00074364, S0593, D02277, A829462, F095369, Q423971, SODIUM BENZOATE, PUROX S, femanumber3025, sobenate, sodiumbenzoate,medicinal, sodiumbenzoicacid, ucephan, BENZOTRON(R)
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt, that is freely soluble in water compared to benzoic acid.
It is generally used as an antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics, food, and pharmaceuticals.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt, is commonly used as food preservatives in food industry, odorless or with slight smell of benzoin, and tastes sweet astringency.
Stable in air, can absorb moisture in open air.
It’s naturally found in blueberry, apple, plum, cranberry, prunes, cinnamon and cloves, with weaker antiseptic performance than benzoic acid.
Antiseptic performance of 1.180g sBenzoic Acid Sodium Salt is equivalent of about 1g benzoic acid.
In acidic environment, Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt have obvious inhibitory effect on a variety of microorganisms: when pH is at 3.5, 0.05% solution can completely inhibit the growth of yeast; while when pH is above 5.5, it has poor effect on a lot of mold and yeast; hardly has any effect in alkaline solution.
After Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt enters into the body, in the process of biotransformation, it would combine with glycine to be uric acid, or combine with glucuronic acid to be glucosiduronic acid, and all to be eliminated from the body in urine, not to accumulate in the body.
As long as it is within the scope of the normal dosage, it would be harmless to the human body, and it is a safe preservatives.
It also can be used for carbonated beverages, concentrated juice, margarine, chewing gum base, jam, jelly, soy sauce, etc. Human acceptable daily intake (ADI) < 5 mg/kg body weight (take benzoic acid as calculation basis).
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt has big lipophilicity, and it is easy to penetrate cell membrane into the cells, interfere in permeability of cell membrane, and inhibit cell membrane’s absorption of amino acids; cause Ionization acidification of alkaline storage in the cell when entering into, inhibit activity of respiratory enzymes, and stop condensation reaction of acetyl coenzyme A, and thereby achieve the purpose of food antiseptic.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt, is the sodium salt form of benzoic acid that is produced by neutralizing benzoic acid with sodium hydroxide.
It has the molecular formula C7H5NaO2, and it appears as a white, crystalline, odorless powder that dissolves readily in water.
When dissolved, it dissociates into sodium ions and benzoate ions, which are responsible for its functional properties in various applications.
Its primary use is as a preservative in foods, beverages, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics because it has strong antimicrobial activity under acidic conditions.
The benzoate ion interferes with the metabolic processes of bacteria, molds, and yeasts, preventing them from growing and spoiling the product.
For example, in acidic soft drinks, fruit juices, pickles, jams, and salad dressings, Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt helps extend shelf life by keeping microbial populations under control, which is particularly important for products stored at room temperature.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt also known as benzoate of soda is the sodium salt of benzoic acid, widely used as a food preservative (with an E number of E211) and a pickling agent.
It appears as a white crystalline chemical with the formula C6H5COONa.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt is commonly produced by the neutralization of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with benzoic acid (C6H5COOH), which is itself produced commercially by partial oxidation of toluene with oxygen.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt can be decarboxylated with strong base and heat, yielding benzene: C6H5COONa + NaOH → C6H6 + Na2CO3
Many foods are natural sources of benzoic acid, its salts, and its esters.
Fruits and vegetables can be rich sources, particularly berries such as cranberry and bilberry. Other sources include seafood, such as prawns, and dairy products.[citation needed]
In the pharmaceutical field, benzoic acid sodium salt is used as both an antimicrobial agent and a stabilizer in liquid medications, syrups, and topical formulations.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt prevents contamination, ensures the safety of the product, and helps maintain chemical stability throughout storage.
Additionally, it is sometimes used in combination therapies to manage certain medical conditions such as hyperammonemia, where it works to help the body eliminate excess nitrogen.
In the cosmetic and personal care industry, Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt is used in products like shampoos, lotions, creams, and oral care items, where it provides preservative protection against microbial contamination.
It is often combined with other preservatives, such as potassium sorbate, to broaden the spectrum of antimicrobial activity and to minimize the total amount of preservative needed.
Melting point: >300 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.44 g/cm³
Vapor pressure: 0 Pa at 20 ℃
FEMA: 3025 | Sodium Benzoate
Flash point: >100 °C
Storage temp.: Room temperature
Solubility (H₂O): 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
pKa: 4.03 (at 20 ℃)
Form: Crystals, Granules, Flakes, or Crystalline Powder
Color: White
pH (1 M in H₂O, 25 ℃): 7.0–8.5
Odor: Odorless
Biological source: Synthetic
Water Solubility: Soluble
Merck: 14,8582
BRN: 3572467
Stability: Stable, but may be moisture sensitive. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, alkalis, mineral acids.
InChIKey: WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M
LogP: 1.88
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt white crystals or granules, or colorless powder, with sweet astringency, soluble in water, ethanol, glycerol and methanol.
Despite being widely recognized as safe when used within regulated limits, Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt does have some safety considerations.
In sensitive individuals, it may cause mild irritation when applied directly to the skin or mucous membranes.
In food science, there has been discussion about its potential to form small amounts of benzene, a carcinogen, when combined with ascorbic acid (vitamin C) under certain conditions such as high heat and light exposure.
However, strict regulatory guidelines and manufacturing controls are in place to ensure that any benzene formation remains well below harmful levels.
Environmentally, Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt is considered to have relatively low toxicity and is biodegradable under typical wastewater treatment processes, meaning that it does not persist or accumulate significantly in ecosystems.
Because of its effectiveness, affordability, and safety when properly used, it remains one of the most widely employed preservatives worldwide.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt is almost odorless or exhibits a sweet, faint, balsamic odor and a sweet–sour to acrid taste. For a detailed description, refer to Burdock (1997).
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt is a white crystalline solid. It is odorless and nonflammable
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt occurs as a white granular or crystalline, slightly hygroscopic powder.
It is odorless, or with faint odor of benzoin and has an unpleasant sweet and saline taste.
Benzoic acid occurs naturally in many plants and in animals.
The salt is not found to occur naturally.
An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid by a sodium ion.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt is prepared by adding benzoic acid to a hot concentrated solution of sodium carbonate until effervescence ceases.
The solution is then evaporated, cooled and allowed to crystallize or evaporate to dryness, and then granulated.
Produced by the neutralization of benzoic acid with sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt An either colourlesscrystalline or white amorphouspowder, C6H5COONa, soluble inwater and slightly soluble in ethanol.
It is made by the reaction of sodiumhydroxide with benzoic acid and isused in the dyestuffs industry and asa food preservative.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt was formerlyused as an antiseptic.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt also has pharmaceutical applications and is component of syrup and transparent tablet.
High levels of Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt may trigger histamine release and also induce cell damage.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt is recommended for the treatment of urea cycle disorders.
However, high levels of sodium benzoate may contribute to glycine deficiency and may impose neuromodulatory effects.
Benzoic acid sodium salt, commonly known as Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt, is a versatile compound widely utilized in various industries due to its effective preservative properties.
This white crystalline powder is recognized for its ability to inhibit the growth of mold, yeast, and some bacteria, making it an essential additive in food preservation.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt is particularly valuable in acidic foods and beverages, such as soft drinks, fruit juices, and pickles, where it helps maintain product integrity and extends shelf life.
Additionally, Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt is employed in the pharmaceutical industry as a stabilizer and in personal care products for its antimicrobial properties.
An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid by a sodium ion.
Beyond its preservative capabilities, sodium benzoate serves as a pH regulator and is used in the production of certain dyes and plastics.
Its unique ability to enhance the solubility of other compounds makes it a preferred choice in various formulations.
Researchers and industry professionals appreciate Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt for its safety profile and effectiveness, making it a reliable option for applications ranging from food safety to chemical manufacturing.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt is a colorless, inorganic, and aromatic compound with an unpleasant, sweet and salty taste.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt is a common antimicrobial preservative of acidic food (as E211) and in medicines and cosmetics (as E210).
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt was the first preservative approved by the FDA for use in food.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt can be combined with caffeine to produce caffeine sodium benzoate, which has a screening effect and provides protection against UVB rays.
Additionally, it can be combined with sodium hydroxide to assist it in dissolving into a wide variety of formulations.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt does not occur naturally, but its acid – benzoic acid - occurs in very low levels in fruits such as ripe berries, apples, plums and cinnamon.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt is produced by neutralizing benzoic acid, there are three primary methods for commercial preparations:
Uses:
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt is also an important preservative of acid type food.
It transforms into effective form of benzoic acid during application.
In addition, it also can be used as fodder preservative.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt agent is a very important preservative of acid type fodder.
It transforms into effective form of benzoic acid during application.
In addition, it also can be used as food preservative.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt is used in the research of pharmaceutical industry and plant genetic, also used as dye intermediates, fungicide and preservatives.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt is used as food additive (preservative), fungicide in pharmaceutical industry, dye mordant, plasticizer in plastic industrial, and also used as organic synthetic intermediate of spices and others.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt can act as a food preservative.
It is most widely used in acidic foods such as salad dressings (for example acetic acid in vinegar), carbonated drinks (carbonic acid), jams and fruit juices (citric acid), pickles (acetic acid), condiments, and frozen yogurt toppings.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt is also used as a preservative in medicines and cosmetics.
Under these conditions it is converted into benzoic acid (E210), which is bacteriostatic and fungistatic.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt is generally not used directly due to its poor water solubility.
Concentration as a food preservative is limited by the FDA in the U.S. to 0.1% by weight.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt is also allowed as an animal food additive at up to 0.1%, per the Association of American Feed Control Officials.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt has been replaced by potassium sorbate in the majority of soft drinks in the United Kingdom.
In the 19th century, Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt as a food ingredient was investigated by Harvey W. Wiley with his 'Poison Squad' as part of the US Department of Agriculture.
This led to the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act, a key event in the early history of food regulation in the United States.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt is used as a treatment for urea cycle disorders due to its ability to bind amino acids.
This leads to excretion of these amino acids and a decrease in ammonia levels.
Recent research shows that sodium benzoate may be beneficial as an add-on therapy (1 gram/day) in schizophrenia.
Total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores dropped by 21% compared to placebo.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt, along with phenylbutyrate, is used to treat hyperammonemia.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt, along with caffeine, is used to treat postdural puncture headache, respiratory depression associated with overdosage of narcotics, and has been used experimentally with ergotamine to treat vascular headache.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt is also used in fireworks as a fuel in whistle mix, a powder that emits a whistling noise when compressed into a tube and ignited.
Benzoic acid sodium salt is most widely used as a food preservative, where it plays a crucial role in preventing the growth of bacteria, molds, and yeasts in acidic foods and beverages.
It is particularly effective in products with a low pH, such as soft drinks, fruit juices, pickles, jams, sauces, and salad dressings, because in acidic environments it converts into benzoic acid, which penetrates microbial cells and disrupts their internal enzyme activity.
This ability to inhibit microbial growth helps extend the shelf life of perishable foods, maintain flavor and texture, and reduce food waste.
In the beverage industry, Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt is a common preservative in carbonated drinks, energy drinks, flavored waters, and fruit-based beverages, where it ensures microbial safety without significantly altering the taste of the product.
In combination with other preservatives such as potassium sorbate, it provides a broader antimicrobial spectrum, which is especially important for complex formulations that contain sugars, natural flavors, and fruit extracts that can otherwise encourage microbial growth.
In the pharmaceutical field, benzoic acid sodium salt is used both as a preservative and as an active component in certain treatments.
In liquid medicines like cough syrups, injectable solutions, and oral suspensions, it prevents microbial contamination and ensures the safety and stability of the product during its shelf life.
In specialized medical treatments, Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt is also prescribed as part of therapy for conditions such as hyperammonemia, where it helps the body eliminate excess nitrogen by converting it into compounds that can be safely excreted through urine.
In the cosmetics and personal care industry, Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt functions as a preservative in products like shampoos, conditioners, body lotions, facial creams, deodorants, and oral care items such as toothpaste and mouthwash.
Its role in these formulations is to protect against bacterial and fungal contamination, which is especially important in water-rich products that can easily support microbial growth.
Because it is relatively mild compared to harsher preservatives, it is often chosen for use in products intended for sensitive skin or frequent use.
Beyond its role in preservation, Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt also finds uses in industrial applications.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt can be employed as a corrosion inhibitor in antifreeze products and automotive coolants, where it protects metal components from rust and degradation.
In certain textile and photographic industries, it is used as a stabilizer or intermediate in chemical processes, taking advantage of its solubility and chemical reactivity.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt is a preservative.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt is bacteriostatic and fungistatic under acidic conditions.
It is most widely used in acidic foods such as salad dressings (vinegar), carbonated drinks (carbonic acid), jams and fruit juices (citric acid), pickles (vinegar), and condiments.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt is also used as a preservative in medicines and cosmetics.
As a food additive, sodium benzoate has the E number E211.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt is also used in fireworks as a fuel in whistle mix, a powder that emits a whistling noise when compressed into a tube and ignited.
The fuel is also one of the fastest burning rocket fuels and provides a lot of thrust and smoke.
It does have its downsides: there is a high danger of explosion when the fuel is sharply compressed because of the fuel's sensitivity to impact.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt is a preservative that is the sodium salt of benzoic acid.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt converts to benzoic acid, which is the active form.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt has a solubility in water of 50 g in 100 ml at 25°c.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt is 180 times as soluble in water at 25°c as is the parent acid.
The optimum functionality occurs between ph 2.5 and 4.0 and it is not recom- mended above ph 4.5.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt is active against yeasts and bacteria.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt is used in acidic foods such as fruit juices, jams, relishes, and bever- ages.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salts use level ranges from 0.03 to 0.10%.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt is a non-toxic, organic salt preservative that is particularly effective against yeast, with some activity against molds and bacteria.
It is generally used in concentrations of 0.1 to 0.2 percent.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt a benzene compound used as a synthetic reagent.
Antimicrobial agent, flavoring agent and adjuvant in food; not to exceed a maximum level of 0.1% in food (21 CFR, 184.1733, 582.3733).
Antifungal and bacteriostatic preservative in pharmaceuticals at concentrations of ~0.1%. Clinical reagent (bilirubin assay).
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt is used primarily as an antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics, foods, and pharmaceuticals.
It is used in concentrations of 0.02–0.5% in oral medicines, 0.5% in parenteral products, and 0.1–0.5% in cosmetics.
The usefulness of sodium benzoate as a preservative is limited by its effectiveness over a narrow pH range.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt is used in preference to benzoic acid in some circumstances, owing to its greater solubility.
However, in some applications it may impart an unpleasant flavor to a product.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt has also been used as a tablet lubricant at 2–5% w/w concentrations.
Solutions of sodium benzoate have also been administered, orally or intravenously, in order to determine liver function.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt is used as an anti-fungal preservative and flavor enhancer in acidic products by lowering the cellular pH of the food.
It can be found in items including fruit juice, pickles, margarine, salad dressing, and carbonated drinks.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt is also frequently used as a preservative in medicine.
Another common usage is in the treatment of urea cycle disorders.
Across many industries, sodium benzoate is used as a corrosion inhibitor to prevent rusting of metal packaging such as tubes and tins.
Approximately 30-35% of the total demand for Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt comes from the automotive industry, where it is used as an anticorrosive additive in antifreeze and other liquid systems.
In animal nutrition, sodium benzoate may be used as a feed additive and preservative, helping to maintain feed freshness and prevent microbial spoilage in stored animal feed products.
This contributes to both animal health and economic efficiency in agricultural practices.
Overall, the uses of benzoic acid sodium salt are extensive because it is a versatile, safe, and cost-effective preservative that ensures microbial stability in food, beverages, medicines, cosmetics, and industrial formulations.
Its ability to act reliably across so many sectors explains why it remains one of the most important preservatives in global use.
Safety Profile:
Poison by subcutaneous and intravenous routes.
Moderately toxic by ingestion, intramuscular, and intraperitoneal routes.
An experimental teratogen experimental reproductive effects.
Mutation data reported larger doses of 8-10 g by mouth may cause nausea and vomiting.
Small doses have little or no effect combustible when exposed to heat or flame.
When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Na2O.
Ingested Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt is conjugated with glycine in the liver to yield hippuric acid, which is excreted in the urine.
Symptoms of systemic benzoate toxicity resemble those of salicylates.
Whereas oral administration of the free-acid form may cause severe gastric irritation, benzoate salts are well tolerated in large quantities: e.g. 6 g of sodium benzoate in 200mL of water is administered orally as a liver function test.
Clinical data have indicated that sodium benzoate can produce nonimmunological contact urtcaria and nonimmunological immediate contact reactions.
However, it is also recognized that these reactions are strictly cutaneous, and sodium benzoate can therefore be used safely at concentrations up to 5%.
However, this nonimmunological phenomenon should be considered when designing formulations for infants and children.
Other adverse effects include anaphylaxis and urticarial reactions, although a controlled study has shown that the incidence of urticaria in patients given benzoic acid is no greater than that with a lactose placebo.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt has been recommended that caffeine and sodium benzoate injection should not be used in neonates; however, sodium benzoate has been used by others in the treatment of some neonatal metabolic disorders.
Benzoic Acid Sodium Salt has been suggested that there is a general adverse effect of benzoate preservatives on the behavior of 3-yearold children, which is detectable by parents, but not by a simple clinical assessment.
