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Thermal decomposition of calcium citrates tetrahydrate in dynamic air or dry nitrogen has been investigated by by TG, DTA and DSC.
Calcium citrates is a highly absorbable form of calcium commonly used in dietary supplements to support bone health, muscle function, and teeth.
Calcium citrates is widely recommended for older adults and individuals with low stomach acid because it dissolves easily and can be taken on an empty stomach without causing digestive discomfort.
CAS: 5785-44-4
MF: C12H18Ca3O18
MW: 570.49
EINECS: 629-915-9
Synonyms
TRI-CALCIUM CITRATE-4-HYDRATE;TRI-CALCIUM DICITRATE-4-HYDRATE;TRI-CALCIUM DICITRATE TETRAHYDRATE;Citric acid calcium salt;MAGGRAN(R) CCI;MAGNESIA 87231;CITRIC ACID CALCIUM SALT TETRAHYDRATE;CALCIUM CITRATE TETRAHYDRATE
Calcium citrates is the calcium salt of citric acid.
Calcium citratesis commonly used as a food additive (E333), usually as a preservative, but sometimes for flavor.
In this sense, Calcium citrates is similar to sodium citrate.
Calcium citrates is also found in some dietary calcium supplements.
Calcium makes up 24.1% of calcium citrates (anhydrous) and 21.1% of calcium citrate (tetrahydrate) by mass.
The tetrahydrate occurs in nature as the mineral Earlandite.
Calcium citrates tetrahydrate is a chemical compound with the formula C12H10CaO14·4H2O.
Calcium citrates is a calcium salt of citric acid and is commonly used as a dietary supplement to provide calcium, particularly for individuals who may have deficiencies or require additional calcium intake for bone health.
Calcium citrates appears as a white crystalline powder and is soluble in water, making it suitable for various formulations, including tablets and powders.
The tetrahydrate form indicates that it contains four molecules of water for each molecule of calcium citrates, which influences its stability and solubility.
Calcium citrates tetrahydrate is often preferred over other calcium supplements due to its relatively high bioavailability and lower gastrointestinal side effects.
Calcium citrates is also utilized in food and pharmaceutical applications as a calcium fortifier and a buffering agent.
As with any supplement, Calcium citrates is important to use it under appropriate guidance to avoid potential interactions or side effects.
Calcium citrates Chemical Properties
Melting point: >300°C
storage temp.: -20°C Freezer
solubility: 0.1 M HCl: 0.01 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
form: Liquid
color: Clear
Odor: Odorless
PH: 5-6 (20°C, 25g/L in H2O, slurry)
Water Solubility: Soluble in water and hydrochloric acid.
λmax λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.04
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.03
Merck: 13,1662
BRN: 3924520
InChI: 1S/2C6H8O7.3Ca.4H2O/c2*7-3(8)1-6(13,5(11)12)2-4(9)10;;;;;;;/h2*13H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12);;;;4*1H2/q;;3*+2;;;;/p-6
InChIKey: LNIZKKFWMDARJV-UHFFFAOYSA-H
LogP: -1.721 (est)
CAS DataBase Reference: 5785-44-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Calcium citrates (5785-44-4)
Calcium citrates is sparingly soluble in water.
Needle-shaped crystals of tricalcium dicitrate tetrahydrate [Ca3(C6H5O7)2(H2O)2]·2H2O were obtained by hydrothermal synthesis.
The crystal structure comprises a three-dimensional network in which eightfold coordinated Ca2+ cations are linked by citrate anions and hydrogen bonds between two non-coordinating crystal water molecules and two coordinating water molecules.
Uses
Calcium citrates is mainly used for Calcium supplements.
In foods as calcium fortifier; as anticaking agent in dry mixes.
Calcium citrates tetrahydrate may be used as raw material in the preparation of nanoparticle with the nominal composition Ca0.8 Ba0.2 Ti03 :Pr3+, via sol-gel process.
Calcium citrates may be employed as carbon source in a simple and effective carbonization method to prepare porous carbon without any activation process.
Calcium citrates is suitable for use in the preparation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanoparticles.
Calcium citrates's primarily sold as a food supplement of calcium.
Bioavailability
In many individuals, bioavailability of calcium citrates is found to be equal to that of the cheaper calcium carbonate (CaCO3).
However, alterations to the digestive tract may change how calcium is digested and absorbed. Unlike calcium carbonate, which is basic and neutralizes stomach acid, calcium citrates has no effect on stomach acid.
Calcium carbonate is harder to digest than calcium citrates, and calcium carbonate carries a risk of "acid rebound" (the stomach overcompensates by producing more acid), so individuals who are sensitive to antacids or who have difficulty producing adequate stomach acid may choose calcium citrate over calcium carbonate for supplementation.
According to a 2009 research into calcium absorption after gastric bypass surgery, calcium citrates may have improved bioavailability over calcium carbonate in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass patients who are taking calcium citrate as a dietary supplement after surgery.
Calcium citrates is mainly due to the changes related to where calcium absorption occurs in the digestive tract of these individuals.
Production
Calcium citrates is an intermediate in the isolation of citric acid from the fungal fermentation process by which citric acid is produced industrially.
The citric acid in the broth solution is neutralized by limewater, precipitating insoluble calcium citrate.
This is then filtered off from the rest of the broth and washed to give clean calcium citrates.
3 Ca(OH)2(s) + 2 C6H8O7(l) → Ca3(C6H5O7)2(s) + 6 H2O(l)
The calcium citrates thus produced may be sold as-is, or it may be converted to citric acid using dilute sulfuric acid.
