CALCIUM PROPANOATE

Calcium propanoate is a white powder that has a faint smell. 
Calcium propanoate is stable at room temperature. 
Calcium propanoate is hygroscopic and incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. 

CAS Number: 4075-81-4
EC Number: 223-795-8
IUPAC Name: Calcium dipropanoate
Chemical Formula: C3H8CaO2

Other names: 4075-81-4, Calcium dipropionate, Calcium propanoate, Propanoic acid, calcium salt, Mycoban, Bioban-C, calcium;propanoate, Caswell No. 151, Propionic acid, calcium salt, HSDB 907, Calcium propionate [NF], EINECS 223-795-8, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 077701, UNII-8AI80040KW, Propanoate (calcium), Ca-PROPIONATE, DTXSID1027556, 8AI80040KW, Propanoic acid, calcium salt (2:1), Propionic acid calcium salt, propionic acid calcium, DTXCID607556, INS NO.282, CALCIUM PROPIONATE [MI], CALCIUM PROPIONATE [FCC], CALCIUM PROPIONATE [HSDB], INS-282, EC 223-795-8, calcium dipropanoate, CALCIUM PROPIONATE [MART.], CALCIUM PROPIONATE [WHO-DD], CALCIUM PROPIONATE (E 282), Calcium propionate (NF), E-282, Calcium propionate;Bioban-C; Calcium dipropionate, CALCIUM PROPIONATE (MART.), CHEBI:81716, BiobanC, calciumpropionate, SCHEMBL52363, CHEMBL3186661, CALCIUM PROPIONATE [INCI], Tox21_202432, AKOS015903218, NCGC00259981-01, CAS-4075-81-4, NS00082990, P0503, Q417394, Propionic acid calcium 1000 microg/mL in Acetonitrile:Water, bioban-c;calciumpropanoate;CALCIUM PROPIONATECALCIUM PROPIONATECALCIUM PROPIONATECALCIUM PROPIONATE;Propanoicacid,calciumsalt;propionatedecalcium;PROPIONIC ACID HEMICALCIUM SALT;PROPIONIC ACID CALCIUM SALT;CALCIUM PROPIONATE

Calcium propanoate has a melting point of 300°C and a pH value of 7 to 9. 
Calcium propanoate is slightly soluble in alcohol and fully soluble in water.
Calcium propanoate as the newer food antifungal agent, is the calcium salt of propanoic acid which is a antifungal agent. 

Calcium propanoate appears as white crystalline or powder, odorless or having slight specific odor of propionic acid, stable under light and heat , hygroscopic, soluble in water while aqueous solution is alkaline, slightly soluble in methanol and ethanol, not soluble in benzene and acetone. 
It is deliquescent in moist air and loses crystal water when heated to 120°C .
Calcium propanoate changes phase at 200~210°C and decomposes to calcium carbonate at 330~340°C . 

Under acidic conditions, Calcium propanoate generates free propanoic acid which is weaker than sorbic acid while stronger than acetic acid, and has an antibacterial effect on Aspergillus niger and gas bacillus rather than yeast . 
Calcium propanoate is a normal intermediate product of animal metabolism and is safe eaten by animals. 
It has a broad antibacterial activity to mold bacteria and yeast bacteria, inhibiting the propagation of microorganisms, preventing feed molding, which can be used as a fungicide on food and feed and a preservative for bread and pastries. 

As a feed additive ,it can effectively prevent feed molding and prolong shelf life of feed . 
If combined with other inorganic complexes, Calcium propanoate can also improve the appetite of livestock, increase milk production in cows, and its dosage is less than 0.3% of the combined feed (use propionic acid to count).
Calcium propanoate suppresses mold and bacteria growth on bread and cakes, but does not inhibit yeast. 

However, its addition to bread does not interfere with the fermentation of yeast. 
Calcium propanoate ion affects the chemical leaving action, therefore is not usually utilized in cake. Since it can enrich bread and rolls, it is normally used in their production.
Calcium propanoate or Calcium propanoate has the formula Ca(C2H5COO)2. 

Calcium propanoate is the calcium salt of propanoic acid. 
Calcium propanoate is a preservative commonly used in baked goods around the world, where it extends their shelf life by inhibiting the growth of spoilage microorganisms, namely mold and ropy bacteria.
Calcium propanoate is a white powder(s) or monoclinic crystal(s), crystallizes as the monohydrate in monoclinic plates and as the trihydrate. 

The anhydrous salt dissolves up to 41.7 wt % in water and is insoluble in ethanol. 
The aqueous solutions can cause inflammation. 
Calcium propanoate is used to mold-retardant additive for bread, tobacco, pharmaceuticals, antifungal agent.

Calcium propanoate or Calcium propanoate has the formula Ca(C2H5COO)2. 
Calcium propanoate is the calcium salt of propanoic acid. 
Calcium propanoate is a preservative commonly used in baked goods around the world, where it extends their shelf life by inhibiting the growth of spoilage microorganisms, namely mold and ropy bacteria.

Calcium propanoate also inhibits the enzymes necessary for metabolism. Propionate is converted to propionyl-CoA, which inhibits CoAdependent enzymes, such as pyruvate dehydrogenase, succinyl-CoA synthetase, and ATP citrate lyase.
Depending on the concentration, propionic acid also lowers the intracellular pH. This eect also inhibits growth and kills the cells.
Calcium propanoate is more pronounced in the undissociated portion of the acid than in the dissociated portion, which is also favored by its low dissociation constant.

The bacteriostatic action of sodium propionate can be overcome by the addition of small amounts of β-alanine for Escherichia coli, but not for other organisms, such as Aspergillus clavatus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas spp., and Trichophyton mentagrophytes.
Calcium propanoate is believed that the inhibitory action of sodium propionate against E. coli may be due to interference with β-alanine synthesis.
Calcium propanoate is listed as E number 282 in the Codex Alimentarius as a food additive.

Calcium propanoate is used as a preservative that includes but is not limited to a wide variety of products, including bread, other baked goods, processed meat, whey, and other dairy products.
Calcium propanoate is also used in agriculture as a milk fat and feed additive for cows, among other things.
Propanoates prevent microbes from producing the energy they need, as benzoates do.

However, unlike benzoates, propanoates do not need an acidic environment.
Calcium propanoate; Calcium propanoate is an organic salt formed as a result of the reaction of Calcium Hydroxide with propionic acid.
Calcium propanoates chemical formula is Ca(OOCCH2CH3)2.

Calcium propanoate can be produced in both crystal and powder form.
Calcium propanoate is readily soluble in water and slightly soluble in alcohol.
Propionic acid occurs naturally in some foods and works as a preservative in these foods.

For example, some cheese varieties contain high amounts of natural propionic acid.
Calcium propanoate is approved by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) for use in food or feed additives.
Therefore, Calcium propanoate is used as a safe and valuable additive in the dairy cow industry.

To update our knowledge on Calcium propanoate application for dairy cow performance and metabolism, we reviewed the eects of Calcium propanoate supplementation on decreasing feed mycotoxins, alleviating dairy cow NEB and milk fever, and promoting rumen development in dairy calves.
Calcium propanoate is an organic salt formed by the reaction of calcium hydroxide with propionic acid (also known as propanoic acid).
Calcium propanoates chemical formula is Ca(OOCCH2CH3)2.

The compound occurs in either crystalline or powder form.
Calcium propanoate is soluble in water and only very slightly soluble in alcohol.
Calcium propanoate is used as a food preservative in breads and other baked goods because of its ability to inhibit the growth of molds and other microorganisms.

Calcium propanoate is not toxic to these organisms, but does prevent them from reproducing and posing a health risk to humans.
Calcium propanoate, also known as calcium dipropionate is a calcium salt of propionic acid with the chemical formula Ca(C₂H₅COO)₂. 
Calcium propanoate is a white, crystalline powder or granule that is odorless or has a faintly acidic smell. 

Calcium propanoate is highly soluble in water, making it easy to mix into various food products, pharmaceuticals, and industrial applications.
One of its primary uses is as a preservative in the food and feed industries, where it helps to prevent mold, bacterial growth, and spoilage in products such as bread, dairy items, processed meats, and animal feed. 

Calcium propanoate is classified as E number E282 in food regulations and is considered safe for human consumption at approved levels.
Beyond the food industry, Calcium propanoate is also used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and agricultural applications due to its antimicrobial properties and stability.

Melting point: 300 °C  
Density: 1.41 [at 20℃]  
Vapor pressure: 0-399 Pa at 20-23℃  
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C  
Solubility: Water: soluble 1 g/10 mL, clear, colorless  
Form: Crystals or Crystalline Powder  
Color: White  
Odor: At 100.00% bland, mild propionic acid  
pH: 9.2 (200 g/L, H2O, 20℃) (IUCLID)  
Water Solubility: 1 g/10 mL  
Merck: 14,1698  
BRN: 3698682  
Stability: Stable. Hygroscopic. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.  
InChIKey: BCZXFFBUYPCTSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L  
LogP: 0.33 at 25℃  

Calcium propanoate is generally used as a food preservative in bread. 
It has also been reported to reduce milk fever in dairy cows. 
Calcium propanoate is the most effective below pH 5.5. Below this pH, the active component, propionic acid, is undissociated and becomes active. 

The dough pH needs to be below 5.5 and well controlled to effectively control mold.
Calcium propanoate acts as a preservative to help extend shelf life by interfering with the growth and reproduction of microorganisms.
Though Calcium propanoate has its benefits for food manufacturers, may wonder whether Calcium propanoate is safe to eat.

Calcium propanoate is used as a preservative in a wide variety of products, including: bread, other baked goods, processed meat, whey, and other dairy products.
In agriculture, it is used, amongst other things, to prevent milk fever in cows and as a feed supplement.
Propionates prevent microbes from producing the energy they need, like benzoates do.

However, unlike benzoates, propionates do not require an acidic environment.
Calcium propanoate is used in bakery products as a mold inhibitor, typically at 0.1-0.4% (though animal feed may contain up to 1%).
Mold contamination is considered a serious problem amongst bakers, and conditions commonly found in baking present near-optimal conditions for mold growth.

A few decades ago, Bacillus mesentericus (rope), was a serious problem, but today's improved sanitary practices in the bakery, combined with rapid turnover of the nished product, have virtually eliminated this form of spoilage.
Calcium propanoate and sodium propionate are eective against both B. mesentericus rope and mold.
Metabolism of propionate begins with its conversion to propionyl coenzyme A (propionyl-CoA), the usual rst step in the metabolism of carboxylic acids.

Since propanoic acid has three carbons, propionyl-CoA can directly enter neither beta oxidation nor the citric acid cycles.
In most vertebrates, propionyl-CoA is carboxylated to D-methylmalonyl-CoA, which is isomerised to L-methylmalonyl-CoA.
A vitamin B12-dependent enzyme catalyzes rearrangement of L-methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA, which is an intermediate of the citric acid cycle and can be readily incorporated there.

Children were challenged with Calcium propanoate or placebo through daily bread in a double‐blind placebo‐controlled crossover trial.
Although there was no signicant dierence by two measures, a statistically signicant dierence was found in the proportion of children whose behaviours "worsened" with challenge (52%), compared to the proportion whose behaviour "improved" with challenge (19%).
When propanoic acid was infused directly into rodents' brains, it produced reversible behavior changes (e.g. hyperactivity, dystonia, social impairment, perseveration) and brain changes (e.g. innate neuroinammation, glutathione depletion) partially mimicking human autism.

Calcium propanoate is an acid-type food preservative, with its inhibitory effected by the environmental pH .
When PH5.0 minimum inhibitory concentration is 0.01%, PH6.5 is 0.5%. 
In the acidic medium ,it has a strong inhibitory effect on the various types of fungi, aerobic bacillus or gram-negative bacilli . 

Calcium propanoate has a specific effect on preventing the production of Aflatoxin streptozotocin, but has little effect on the yeast. 
In the food industry, it is mainly used in vinegar, soy sauce, bread, cakes and soy products,whose maximum usage (use propionic acid to count, the same below)is 2.5g/kg; while the largest usage in the wet dough products is 0.25g/kg . Also ,it can be used for feed antifungal agent.
Calcium propanoate is used for breads, pastries and cheese preservatives and feed fungicide.

Calcium propanoate as a food preservative, Calcium propanoate is mainly used for bread, because sodium propionate keeps pH of bread rising, delays the fermentation of the dough; sodium propionate is more widely used for cake, because the pastry gets bulky by using leavening agent, there is no problem about yeast development caused by tincrease in the pH . 
As a feed preservative, sodium propionate is better than Calcium propanoate. 
But Calcium propanoate is more stable than sodium propionate. 

In food industry , except uses for bread, pastries, cheese, Calcium propanoate can also be used for preventing soy sauce from getting moldy which inhibits the refermentation . 
In medicine, Calcium propanoate can be made into powders, solutions and ointments to treat skin disease caused by parasitic fungi. 
Ointment (liquid) contains 12.3% Calcium propanoate, while a powder contains15% Calcium propanoate.

The industrial production of Calcium propanoate and sodium propionate is carried out by the neutralization of propionic acid with the corresponding hydroxides and subsequent spraydrying of the concentrated aqueous solutions.
In a recent well-designed translational study, human subjects fed 500 mg of Calcium propanoate twice daily demonstrated a modest decrease in LDL and total cholesterol, without a change in HDL. 

The study, only eight weeks in length, requires additional studies of both verification and longer duration to demonstrate the clinical value of this chemical. 
The study identified a novel regulatory circuit that links the gut microbiota metabolite propionic acid (PA), a short-chain fatty acid, with the gut immune system to control intestinal cholesterol homeostasis.

Uses:
During dough preparation, Calcium propanoate is added with other ingredients as a preservative and nutritional supplement in food production such as bread, processed meat, other baked goods, dairy products, and whey. 
Calcium propanoate is mostly effective below pH 5.5, which is relatively equal to the pH required in the dough preparation to effectively control mold. 
Calcium propanoate can assist in lowering the levels of sodium in bread. 

Calcium propanoate can be used as an browning agent in processed vegetables and fruits. 
Other chemicals that can be used as alternatives to Calcium propanoate is sodium propionate. 
Calcium propanoate is used in preventing the growth of microorganisms in beverages. 

Calcium propanoate powder is utilized as an anti-microbial agent.
Calcium propanoate is also used in retarding mold in key aloe vera holistic therapy for treating numerous infections. 
Large concentrations of aloe vera liquid that is normally added to feel pellets cannot be made without using Calcium propanoate to inhibit mold growth on the product. 

Calcium propanoate is used as a food supplement and in preventing milk fever in cows. 
The compound can also be used in poultry feed, animal feed, for instance cattle and dog food. 
Calcium propanoate is also used as a pesticide. 

Calcium propanoate inhibit or prevent bacterial growth, therefore protect cosmetic products from spoilage. 
The material is also used in controlling the pH of personal care and cosmetic products.
Calcium propanoate is used in paint and coating additives. 

Calcium propanoate is also used as plating and surface treating agents. 
Calcium propanoate is used in making photo chemicals and photographic supplies. 
Calcium propanoate is the salt of propionic acid which functions as a preservative. 

Calcium propanoate is the most widely used antimycotic in breadmaking. 
Calcium propanoate is effective against mold, has limited activity against bacteria, and no activity against yeast. 
Calcium propanoate is soluble in water with a solubility of 49 g/100 ml of water at 0°c and insoluble in alcohol. 

Calcium propanoate is less soluble than sodium propionate. its optimum effectiveness is up to ph 5.0 and it has reduced action above ph 6.0. 
It is often utilized at about 0.2%, flour basis; higher concentrations lead to flavor problems and begin to inhibit yeast fermentation. 
Calcium propanoate is used in bakery products, breads, and pizza crust to protect against mold and “rope.” 

Calcium propanoate is also used in cold-pack cheese food and pie fillings. 
As a food additive, Calcium propanoate is listed as E number 282 in the Codex Alimentarius. 
Calcium propanoate is used as a preservative in a wide variety of products, including but not limited to bread, other baked goods, processed meat, whey, and other dairy products. 

In agriculture, Calcium propanoate is used, amongst other things, to prevent milk fever in cows and as a feed supplement Propanoates prevent microbes from producing the energy they need, like benzoates do. 
However, unlike benzoates, propanoates do not require an acidic environment.
Calcium propanoate is used in bakery products as a mold inhibitor, typically at 0.1- 0.4 % (though animal feed may contain up to 1 % ).

When propanoic acid is infused directly into rodents' brains, it produces reversible behavior changes (e.g. hyperactivity, dystonia, social impairment, perseveration ) and brain changes (e.g. innate neuroinflammation, glutathione depletion) that may be used as a model of human autism in rats.
According to the Pesticide Action Network North America, Calcium propanoate is slightly toxic. 
This rating is not uncommon for food products; vitamin C is also rated by the same standards as being slightly toxic. 

Calcium propanoate can be used as a fungicide on fruit.
During dough preparation, Calcium propanoate is added with other ingredients as a preservative and nutritional supplement in food production such as bread, processed meat, other baked goods, dairy products, and whey. 
Calcium propanoate is mostly effective below pH 5.5, which is relatively equal to the pH required in the dough preparation to effectively control mold.

Calcium propanoate can assist in lowering the levels of sodium in bread. 
Calcium propanoate can be used as an browning agent in processed vegetables and fruits. 
Other chemicals that can be used as alternatives to Calcium propanoate is sodium propionate. 

Calcium propanoate is used in preventing the growth of microorganisms in beverages. 
Calcium propanoate powder is utilized as an anti-microbial agent.
Calcium propanoate is also used in retarding mold in key aloe vera holistic therapy for treating numerous infections. 

Large concentrations of aloe vera liquid that is normally added to feel pellets cannot be made without using Calcium propanoate to inhibit mold growth on the product. 
Calcium propanoate is used as a food supplement and in preventing milk fever in cows. 
The compound can also be used in poultry feed, animal feed, for instance cattle and dog food. 

Calcium propanoate is also used as a pesticide. 
Calcium propanoate inhibit or prevent bacterial growth, therefore protect cosmetic products from spoilage. 
The material is also used in controlling the pH of personal care and cosmetic products.

Calcium propanoate is used in paint and coating additives. 
It is also used as plating and surface treating agents. 
Calcium propanoate is used in making photo chemicals and photographic supplies. 

As a food additive, Calcium propanoate is listed as E number 282 in the Codex Alimentarius. 
Calcium propanoate is used as a preservative in a wide variety of products, including: bread, other baked goods, processed meat, whey, and other dairy products.
In agriculture, it is used, amongst other things, to prevent milk fever in cows and as a feed supplement.

Propionates prevent microbes from producing the energy they need, like benzoates do. 
However, unlike benzoates, propionates do not require an acidic environment.
Calcium propanoate is used in bakery products as a mold inhibitor, typically at 0.1–0.4% (though animal feed may contain up to 1%). 

Mold contamination is considered a serious problem amongst bakers, and conditions commonly found in baking present near-optimal conditions for mold growth.
A few decades ago, Bacillus mesentericus (rope), was a serious problem, but today's improved sanitary practices in the bakery, combined with rapid turnover of the finished product, have virtually eliminated this form of spoilage.
Calcium propanoate and sodium propionate are effective against both B. mesentericus rope and mold.

Metabolism of propionate begins with its conversion to propionyl coenzyme A (propionyl-CoA), the usual first step in the metabolism of carboxylic acids. 
Since propanoic acid has three carbons, propionyl-CoA cannot directly enter the beta oxidation or the citric acid cycles. In most vertebrates, propionyl-CoA is carboxylated to D-methylmalonyl-CoA, which is isomerised to L-methylmalonyl-CoA. A vitamin B12–dependent enzyme catalyzes rearrangement of L-methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA, which is an intermediate of the citric acid cycle and can be readily incorporated there.

Children were challenged with Calcium propanoate or placebo through daily bread in a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial. 
Although there was no significant difference by two measures, a statistically significant difference was found in the proportion of children whose behaviours "worsened" with challenge (52%), compared to the proportion whose behaviour "improved" with challenge (19%).
When propanoic acid was infused directly into rodents' brains, it produced reversible behavior changes (e.g. hyperactivity, dystonia, social impairment, perseveration) and brain changes (e.g. innate neuroinflammation, glutathione depletion) partially mimicking human autism.

Calcium propanoate has a wide range of applications, with its primary function being as a food preservative to inhibit the growth of molds, bacteria, and fungi. 
However, its uses extend beyond food preservation into pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, agriculture, and industrial applications.
Used in bread, cakes, pastries, tortillas, and other baked goods to prevent mold and bacterial spoilage.

Extends shelf life by inhibiting fungi like Penicillium and Aspergillus species, which cause bread to mold.
Preferred over sodium propionate in bakery products as it does not interfere with yeast fermentation.
Used in livestock and poultry feed to prevent mold growth in stored grains and animal fodder.

Improves feed stability and reduces the risk of fungal toxins (mycotoxins) that can be harmful to livestock health.
Helps preserve hay, silage, and other stored feed for long-term use.

Safety Profile:
Moderately toxic by ingestion when heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
Calcium propanoate is affirmed as GRAS for use as an antimicrobial under 21 C.F.R.184.122 1 with no limitation on the level of use other than current good manufacturing practice (gmp). 
There is no obvious self-limit on the level of use. 

In commercial practice the amount of Calcium propanoate used will be limited by cost and the possibility of imparting off-tastes or textures to food when gmp concentrations are exceeded.
Though Calcium propanoate is regarded as safe supplement, there maybe some side effects: damage your stomach lining by exacerbating gastritis and inducing severe ulcers and cause irritability, restlessness, inattention and sleep disturbance.

Calcium propanoate is recognized as a safe food additive by major health and food safety organizations, including the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), and the World Health Organization (WHO). 
However, Calcium propanoate is still important to follow regulatory guidelines for its usage.