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CAS NO:9000-11-7
EC NO:900-432-4
Cellulose gum, also known as carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), is essentially a thickening agent used in all kinds of food products.
Cellulose gum may also help extend the shelf-life of certain foods and fruits.
Cellulose gum comes from the cell walls of plants, such as wood pulp and cottonseeds.
Cellulose gum is used to make foods thick and creamy, without adding fat.
Cellulose gum can be used in many ways.
Cellulose gum’s not only in a variety of food products, but also in toothpaste, pharmaceuticals, and even household products, due to its stabilizing and thickening properties.
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or cellulose gum is a cellulose derivative with carboxymethyl groups (-CH2-COOH) bound to some of the hydroxyl groups of the glucopyranose monomers that make up the cellulose backbone.
Cellulose gum is often used as its sodium salt, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
Cellulose gum used to be marketed under the name Tylose, a registered trademark of SE Tylose.
Preparation
Carboxymethyl cellulose is synthesized by the alkali-catalyzed reaction of cellulose with chloroacetic acid. The polar (organic acid) carboxyl groups render the cellulose soluble and chemically reactive.
Following the initial reaction, the resultant mixture produces approximately 60% Cellulose gum and 40% salts (sodium chloride and sodium glycolate).
Cellulose gum is the so-called technical CMC, which is used in detergents. An additional purification process is used to remove these salts to produce the pure Cellulose gum used for alimentary and pharmaceutical applications. An intermediate "semipurified" grade is also produced, typically used in paper applications such as restoration of archival documents.
The functional properties of CMC depend on the degree of substitution of the cellulose structure (i.e., how many of the hydroxyl groups have taken part in the substitution reaction), as well as the chain length of the cellulose backbone structure and the degree of clustering of the carboxymethyl substituents.
Uses:
Cellulose gum is used in food under the E number E466 or E469 (when it is enzymatically hydrolyzed) as a viscosity modifier or thickener, and to stabilize emulsions in various products including ice cream.
Cellulose gum is also a constituent of many non-food products, such as toothpaste, laxatives, diet pills, water-based paints, detergents, textile sizing, reusable heat packs, various paper products, and also in leather crafting to help burnish the edges.
Cellulose gum is used primarily because it has high viscosity, is nontoxic, and is generally considered to be hypoallergenic as the major source fiber is either softwood pulp or cotton linter.
Cellulose gum is used extensively in gluten free and reduced fat food products. In laundry detergents, it is used as a soil suspension polymer designed to deposit onto cotton and other cellulosic fabrics, creating a negatively charged barrier to soils in the wash solution. In ophthalmology, Cellulose gum is used as a lubricant in artificial tears to treat dry eyes. Extensive treatment may be required to treat severe dry eye syndrome or Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).
Cellulose gum is also used as a thickening agent, for example, in the oil-drilling industry as an ingredient of drilling mud, where it acts as a viscosity modifier and water retention agent.
Knitted fabric made of cellulose (e.g. cotton or viscose rayon) may be converted into Cellulose gum and used in various medical applications.
Device for epistaxis (nose bleeding). A poly-vinyl chloride (PVC) balloon is covered by CMC knitted fabric reinforced by nylon.
Cellulose gum is soaked in water to form a gel, this is inserted into the nose and the balloon inflated. The combination of the inflated balloon and the therapeutic effect of the Cellulose gum stops the bleeding.
Fabric used as a dressing following ear nose and throat surgical procedures.
Water is added to form a gel, and this gel is inserted into the sinus cavity following surgery.
Insoluble microgranular Cellulose gum is used as a cation-exchange resin in ion-exchange chromatography for purification of proteins.Presumably, the level of derivatization is much lower, so the solubility properties of microgranular cellulose are retained, while adding sufficient negatively charged carboxylate groups to bind to positively charged proteins.
Cellulose gum is also used in ice packs to form a eutectic mixture resulting in a lower freezing point, and therefore more cooling capacity than ice.
Aqueous solutions of Cellulose gum have also been used to disperse carbon nanotubes. The long Cellulose gum molecules are thought to wrap around the nanotubes, allowing them to be dispersed in water. In conservation-restoration, it is used as an adhesive or fixative (commercial name Walocel, Klucel).
Cellulose gum is used to achieve tartrate or cold stability in wine. This innovation may save megawatts of electricity used to chill wine in warm climates.
Cellulose gum is more stable than metatartaric acid and is very effective in inhibiting tartrate precipitation.
Cellulose gum is reported that KHT crystals, in presence of Cellulose gum, grow slower and change their morphology.Their shape becomes flatter because they lose 2 of the 7 faces, changing their dimensions.
Cellulose gum molecules, negatively charged at wine pH, interact with the electropositive surface of the crystals, where potassium ions are accumulated. The slower growth of the crystals and the modification of their shape are caused by the competition between Cellulose gum molecules and bitartrate ions for binding to the KHT crystals (Cracherau et al. 2001).
Cellulose gum is sometimes used as an electrode binder in advanced battery applications (i.e. lithium ion batteries), especially with graphite anodes.
Cellulose gum's water solubility allows for less toxic and costly processing than with non-water-soluble binders, like the traditional polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), which requires toxic n-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) for processing.
Cellulose gum is often used in conjunction with styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) for electrodes requiring extra flexibility, e.g. for use with silicon-containing anodes.
Culinary uses:
Cellulose gum powder is widely used in the ice cream industry, to make ice creams without churning or extremely low temperatures, thereby eliminating the need for the conventional churners or salt ice mixes.
Cellulose gum is used in baking breads and cakes. The use of CMC gives the loaf an improved quality at a reduced cost, by reducing the need of fat.
Cellulose gum is also used as an emulsifier in high quality biscuits. By dispersing fat uniformly in the dough, it improves the release of the dough from the moulds and cutters, achieving well-shaped biscuits without any distorted edges.
Cellulose gum can also help to reduce the amount of egg yolk or fat used in making the biscuits. Use of Cellulose gum in candy preparation ensures smooth dispersion in flavour oils, and improves texture and quality.
Cellulose gum is used in chewing gums, margarines and peanut butter as an emulsifier.
Enzymology:
Cellulose gum has also been used extensively to characterize enzyme activity from endoglucanases (part of the cellulase complex).
Cellulose gum is a highly specific substrate for endo-acting cellulases, as its structure has been engineered to decrystallize cellulose and create amorphous sites that are ideal for endoglucanase action.
Cellulose gum is desirable because the catalysis product (glucose) is easily measured using a reducing sugar assay, such as 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid.
Using Cellulose gum in enzyme assays is especially important in regard to screening for cellulase enzymes that are needed for more efficient cellulosic ethanol conversion.
However, Cellulose gum has also been misused in earlier work with cellulase enzymes, as many had associated whole cellulase activity with CMC hydrolysis. As the mechanism of cellulose depolymerization has become better understood, exo-cellulases are dominant in the degradation of crystalline (e.g. Avicel) and not soluble (e.g. CMC) cellulose.
Cellulose gum, also known as Sodium CMC or Sodium carboxy-methylcellulose, is a food ingredient derived from cellulose, the most abundant organic compound on earth.
Cellulose is found in the cell walls of all plants and is typically the biggest source of insoluble fiber in fruits and vegetables.
Cellulose gum is often used in foods and beverages to create texture and improve mouthfeel, as well as to retain moisture and stabilize recipes.
Key Benefits:
-Adds viscosity
-Creates texture and improves mouthfeel
-Retains moisture
-Stabilizes recipes
Neutral pH applications including:
-Bakery
-Beverages
-Culinary
-Dairy
-Frozen desserts
-Meat, poultry and seafood
-Plant-based food
-Soups
-Sauces
Benefit:
-Compatible with other hydrocolloids
-Soluble in cold and hot water
-Odorless, with no impact on flavor or color
-Protects against the effects of heat
-Stabilizes solids during heating
-Prevents phase separation
Cellulose gum is a food additive manufacturers use as a thickening agent and food stabilizer to prolong shelf life. More specifically, the cellulose gum in your packaged cupcakes locks in moisture and keeps your sweet treat from going stale. Cellulose gum also thickens sauces so they're not watery when you pour them over your pasta.
Cellulose gum is a common food additive used to thicken and stabilize a variety of foods. Food gums harness the properties of other substances found in nature to impart useful characteristics in food. Food gums can help keep foods and beverages stable so nutrients remain mixed, ensure that oil and water based ingredients don’t separate and help produce a consistent texture that consumers expect from certain foods.
Cellulose gum is produced from the structural parts of certain plants, primarily trees or cotton.
Cellulose gum sources are farmed sustainably and processed using a form of acetic acid and salt. Acetic acid is a mild acid which is a main component of vinegar. After mixing the cotton or wood with acetic acid and salt, the mixture is filtered and dried to create a fine powder—the cellulose gum.
Cellulose gum is very useful as only a small amount needs to be added to foods to maintain moisture or increase texture and thickness.
Cellulose gum, or sodium carboxyethylcellulose (CMC), from Ashland is widely used as a cost-effective thickener and stabilizer in food and beverages. In addition to modifying the behavior of water, cellulose gum is useful in modifying flow, adding texture and enhancing mouthfeel.
Beverages:
Cellulose gum benefits in beverage applications (e.g. fruit-flavored drinks, instant powder mixes, dairy and alternative protein drinks):
-Improves mouthfeel from light to creamy
-Adds body and/or thickness
-Provides texture
-Protects protein denaturation and sedimentation
-Stabilizes during heat treatment
-Inhibits oil ringing
-Prevents crystal growth in wines
Bakery
Cellulose gum benefits in bakery applications (e.g. tortillas, gluten-free products, donuts, dough products):
-Prolongs freshness and shelf life of the final product
-Improves volume
-Provides a soft crumb structure
-Improves dough strength and prevents tearing during processing
-Improves freeze thaw stability in frozen dough
-Reduces oil absorption during frying
Processed meat:
Cellulose gum benefits in meat and applications (e.g. sausages, hamburgers, hams):
-Provides consistency and reduces syneresis
-Improves texture
-Increases bite firmness and juiciness
-Binds water and can replace other additives e.g. phosphates
-Reduces oil absorption during frying
CELLULOSE GUM is classified as :
-Binding
-Emulsion stabilising
-Film forming
-Masking
-Viscosity controlling
Cellulose gum (Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose or CMC) is a versatile, cost-effective and easy-to-use thickener.
Cellulose gum has wide applications, including food, daily chemicals, papermaking, printing and dyeing, oil drilling, etc.
Cellulose gum has stable performance. Especially in beverages, it has such characteristics as preventing precipitation and layering of beverages, improving the taste, and enhancing resistance to high temperatures.
Uses
Cellulose gum is mainly used as a stabilizer and thickener, and widely used in milk drinks, yogurt, ice cream, baked goods, syrups.
Cellulose gum is used in ice cream, in order to make water, fat and protein to form a uniform, dispersed and stable mixture, to avoid the appearance of ice crystals, and to have fine and smooth taste, and good formability. The addition of cellulose gum in ice cream can greatly reduce the production cost.
Cellulose gum can also be used in oil drilling and personal care products (toothpaste, hair gel, shampoo, lotion and ointment). The cellulose gum used in the textile industry can produce paper. The crude cellulose gum is used in small-scale laundry detergents.
Cellulose gum is a thickener. used in cosmetic formulations when a reactant is not required or desired. often used in bath preparations, beauty masks, hand creams, and shampoos.
Cellulose gum is considered a non-comedogenic raw material.
Uses
Cellulose gum is a gum that is water-soluble cellulose ether manufactured by reacting sodium monochloroacetate with alkali cellulose to form sodium .
Cellulose gum dissolves in hot or cold water and is fairly stable over a pH range of 5.0–10.0, but acidification below pH 5.0 will reduce the viscosity and stability except in a special acid-stable type of CMC. A variety of types are available which differ in viscosity and degree of substitution (the number of sodium groups per unit).
Cellulose gum functions as a thickener, stabilizer, binder, film former, and suspending agent.
Cellulose gum is used in a variety of foods to include dressings, ice cream, baked goods, puddings, and sauces. The usage range is from 0.05 to 0.5%. Also termed cellulose gum.
Cellulose gum can significantly increase the viscosity of the solution as thickener, dispersion, emulsification, suspension, protective colloid and so on when it is dissolved in water, and it is physiologically harmless, it is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, oil, paper, textiles, construction and other areas of production.
used in synthetic detergent and soap industry, CMC has the effect of emulsifying and protective colloid, and is the best active agent for synthetic detergent. The amount of CMC added to the general detergent is 0.5% ~ 2.0%, and it is determined that the addition of 2%CMC detergent can keep the whiteness of white fabric above 90% after washing.
Cellulose gum is used in oil and gas drilling, well excavation and other projects, the addition of CMC in the mud can form thin and hard, low permeability filter cake, so that the water loss is reduced, so as to reduce the mud without water, infiltration into the formation caused by the shrinkage, collapse, drop and other phenomena.
Cellulose gum is used in textile, printing and dyeing industry as cotton, wool, silk, chemical fiber and other fabrics warp sizing, not only can save a lot of food and edible oil, but also has good stability, high yarn quality, smooth, wear-resistant and other effects; As a printing paste can also improve the color of the printing, the dyed fabric is soft, and the effect is more mottled and non-mildew.
Cellulose gum is application in the paper industry as a smoothing agent, acid agent in the paper industry. When 0. 1%~ 0. 3% CMC is added to the pulp, the paper tension can be increased by 40% ~ so%, and the paper is uniform, which is convenient for the infiltration of printing ink.
Cellulose gum is used in the silicate industry can be used as a blank adhesive, plasticizer, fixing agent, etc., in the concrete construction to add CMC can reduce water loss, play a retarding effect, improve building strength and service life.
Cellulose gum is used in food industry, CMC is odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, easy to dissolve, can be stored for a long time without corruption, high viscosity, strong shape retention, so it is widely used in the food industry, for example, as a thickener for jam, a stabilizer for ice cream, a molding agent for jelly, a surface coating preservative for vegetables and fruits, and the like.
Cellulose gum is emulsion stabilizers for various injections in the pharmaceutical industry, base materials for ointments, adhesives for tablets, etc.
Cellulose gum is used as a molding agent for daily industrial products such as toothpaste, a stabilizer for skin cream, an adhesive for mosquito coil, etc. In addition, it is also used for leather polishing agent, colorant, foam fire extinguishing agent stabilizer, pesticide dispersant, coating industry gluing agent, formaldehyde production and storage of polymerization inhibitor, film and Photographic film surface treatment agent. Toxicity and protection this product is non-toxic and non-hazardous.
IUPAC names:
acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal
carboxy methyl cellulose
Sodium Carboxymethyl cellulose
SYNONYMS:
carboxy-methyl cellulose
carboxymethyl cellulose
cellulose carboxymethyl ether
cmc-4lf
carbose
carboximethylcellulosum
carboxymethyl cellulose ether
carboxymethylated cellulose pulp
carboxymethylcellulose
carboxymethylcellulosum
carmellose
carmellosum
carmelosa
cellulose gum 7h
cellulose carboxymethylate
cellulose, (carboxymethyl)
cellulose, ether with glycolic acid
celluloseglycolic acid
colloresine
croscarmellose
croscarmellosum
cm-cellulose
FEMA No. 2239
Duodcel
Glycocel TA
