PRODUCTS

CHLOROLITHIUM

Chlorolithium is a chemical compound with the formula LiCl.
Chlorolithium is hygroscopic and highly soluble in water, and is highly polar.
Chlorolithium is more soluble in polar organic solvents such as methanol and acetone than is sodium chloride or potassium chloride.

CAS Number: 7447-41-8
EC Number: 231-212-3
Molecular Formula: ClLi
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 42.39

LITHIUM CHLORIDE, 7447-41-8, LiCl, Lithiumchloride, chlorure de lithium, Chlorku litu, chlorolithium, Lithiumchlorid, Lithium chloride (LiCl), lithium;chloride, ClLi, Chlorku litu [Polish], CCRIS 5924, CHEBI:48607, lithii chloridum, HSDB 4281, Luthium chloride, Lithium Cholride, cloruro de litio, Lithium chloride (powder), EINECS 231-212-3, MFCD00011078, Chlorure de lithium [French], NSC 327172, UNII-G4962QA067, LITHIUM MURIATICUM, G4962QA067, NSC-327172, LithiumChlorideGr(Anhydrous), CHEMBL69710, DTXSID2025509, EC 231-212-3, NSC327172, Lithium Chloride, Anhydrous, Lithium chloride, ultra dry, Chloride, Lithium, 2M Lithium Chloride Electrolyte, Electrode Filling Solution, Lithium Chloride (2.3% in Tetrahydrofuran, ca. 0.5mol/L), lithim chloride, Lithium chloride, anhydrous, chunks, 99.99% trace metals basis, Cloruro de litio (licl), Lopac-L-4408, LITHIUM MONOCHLORIDE, D07WXT, MolMap_000071, WLN: LI G, Lithium chloride, ACS grade, Lopac0_000604, LITHIUM CHLORIDE [MI], Lithium chloride battery grade, Lithium chloride, ACS reagent, DTXCID105509, LITHIUM CHLORIDE [HSDB], LITHIUM CHLORIDE [INCI], LITHIUM MURIATICUM [HPUS], KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M, LITHIUM CHLORIDE [WHO-DD], Lithium chloride, 3-5% in THF, HMS3261J10, Tox21_500604, BDBM50494542, AKOS015902822, AKOS015950647, AKOS024438070, CCG-204693, lithium chloride, gamma irradiated, 8m, LP00604, LS-1644, SDCCGSBI-0050586.P002, Lithium chloride, ACS reagent, >=99%, Lithium chloride, ReagentPlus(R), 99%, NCGC00015607-01, NCGC00015607-02, NCGC00015607-03, NCGC00015607-04, NCGC00015607-07, NCGC00093980-01, NCGC00093980-02, NCGC00261289-01, BP-13612, SY002997, Lithium chloride, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, EU-0100604, FT-0627896, L0204, L0222, Lithium chloride, Trace metals grade 99.9%, L 4408, Lithium chloride, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%, Lithium chloride, for molecular biology, >=99%, Lithium chloride, SAJ special grade, >=99.0%, A838146, Lithium chloride, BioXtra, >=99.0% (titration), Q422930, SR-01000076252, SR-01000076252-1, Lithium chloride, powder, >=99.99% trace metals basis, Lithium chloride, puriss. p.a., anhydrous, >=99.0% (AT), Lithium chloride, anhydrous, beads, -10 mesh, >=99.9% trace metals basis, Lithium chloride, anhydrous, beads, -10 mesh, 99.998% trace metals basis, Lithium chloride, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, anhydrous, >=99.0% (AT), Lithium chloride, anhydrous, free-flowing, Redi-Dri(TM), ACS reagent, >=99%, Lithium chloride, anhydrous, free-flowing, Redi-Dri(TM), ReagentPlus(R), 99%, Lithium chloride, BioUltra, for molecular biology, anhydrous, >=99.0% (AT), 59217-69-5, Lithium chloride [ACD/IUPAC Name] [Wiki], 231-212-3 [EINECS], 7447-41-8 [RN], Chloride, Lithium, Chlorku litu [Polish], Chlorure de lithium [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name], cloruro de litio [Italian], G4962QA067, hydrochloric acid lithium salt, LiCl [Formula], Lithiumchlorid [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name], [7447-41-8] [RN], 16712-20-2 [RN], 20233-17-4 [RN], 404596-80-1 [RN], 7789-01-7 [RN], 85144-11-2 [RN], CHEMBL69710, Chlorku Litu, Chlorku litu [Polish], chlorolithium, Chlorure de lithium [French], cloruro de litio, D018021, EINECS 231-212-3, Electrolytemissing, LiCl231-212-3MFCD00011078, lithii chloridum [Latin], lithii chloridum, Lithium chloride (powder), Lithium chloride, anhydrous, Lithium chloridemissing, LITHIUM MONOCHLORIDE, lithium;chloride, LITHIUM-7LI CHLORIDE, lithiumchloride, Lithiummissing, Lopac0_000604, MFCD00011078 [MDL number], MFCD00149764, MFCD00190539, MolMap_000071, OmniPur(R) Lithium Chloride, UNII:G4962QA067, UNII-G4962QA067, WLN: LI G, 氯化锂 [Chinese]

Chlorolithium is a chemical compound with the formula LiCl.
Chlorolithium is a typical ionic compound (with certain covalent characteristics), although the small size of the Li+ ion gives rise to properties not seen for other alkali metal chlorides, such as extraordinary solubility in polar solvents (83.05 g/100 mL of water at 20 °C) and Chlorolithium hygroscopic properties.

Chlorolithium appears as colorless crystals or powder.
Chlorolithium is a metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion.

Chlorolithium has a role as an antimanic drug and a geroprotector.
Chlorolithium is an inorganic chloride and a lithium salt.

A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.

Chlorolithium is a white solid hygroscopic soluble in water, alcohol and ether.
The chemical formula for Chlorolithium is LiCl.

Chlorolithium is made by the action of hydrochloric acid on lithium hydroxide.
The resulting solution is evaporated to get a mixture of saturated solution and Chlorolithium crystals.

The solid and the solution is separated and the supernatant solution is recycled for further evaporation.
Chlorolithium is a solid which absorbs water to form a hydrate, LiCl.HO.

Chlorolithium is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.
Chlorolithium is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Chlorolithium appears as colorless crystals or powder.
Chlorolithium is a solid which absorbs water to form a hydrate, LiCl.H2O.

Chlorolithium is a very effective antimanic drug for the treatment of bipolar disorder.
Chlorolithium is well soluble in water, alcohol, acetone, and amyl alcohol.
Chlorolithium is also used as a flame colorant to produce dark red flames.

Chlorolithium is an excellent water soluble crystalline Lithium source for uses compatible with Chlorides.
Chlorolithium is generally immediately available in most volumes.

Chloride compounds can conduct electricity when fused or dissolved in water.
Chloride materials can be decomposed by electrolysis to chlorine gas and the metal.

They are formed through various chlorination processes whereby at least one chlorine anion (Cl-) is covalently bonded to the relevant metal or cation.
Ultra high purity and proprietary formulations can be prepared.

The chloride ion controls fluid equilibrium and pH levels in metabolic systems.
They can form either inorganic or organic compounds.

Chlorolithium is a chemical compound with the formula LiCl.
Chlorolithium behaves as a fairly typical ionic compound, although the Li+ ion is very small.

Chlorolithium is hygroscopic and highly soluble in water, and is highly polar.
Chlorolithium is more soluble in polar organic solvents such as methanol and acetone than is sodium chloride or potassium chloride.

Chlorolithium is an ionic compound.
Chlorolithium has the chemical formula LiCl.

Chlorolithium exists as a white crystalline compound that is highly soluble in water.
Chlorolithium is commonly used as a desiccant to absorb moisture, as well as in the production of lithium metal, which is used in batteries and other applications.

Chlorolithium also has some applications in medicine, such as in the treatment of bipolar disorder.
Chlorolithium is sometimes used as a mood stabiliser, and may be prescribed as a treatment for manic episodes or depression associated with bipolar disorder.

Chlorolithium is an ionic compound and hygroscopic in nature, meaning that is soluble in water, ether, and alcohol.

The chemical formula of Chlorolithium is LiCl.
Since the size of Li+ ion gives rise to certain properties unique from the rest of the alkali metal chlorides, the molecular weight of Chlorolithium is 42.394 g/mol.

Chlorolithium was during the 1950s that people produced Chlorolithium to replace Chlorolithium with common table salt (NaCl).
The common process to produce Chlorolithium is made by the action of hydrochloric acid on lithium hydroxide.

Chlorolithium (LiCl) is an ionic compound or salt that is highly polar and soluble in water.
Chlorolithium is more soluble in organic solvents such as acetone and methanol than potassium chloride or sodium chloride.
Chlorolithium is widely used in several industrial applications.

Chlorolithium Formula is a typical ionic compound and a salt of lithium.
Due to the small size of the lithium-ion ( Li+ ), Chlorolithium gives rise to properties that we cannot see in other alkali metal chlorides.

We also know Chlorolithium by the name of Lithium chloride,
During the year the 1940s for a short while they produce Chlorolithium as a compound to replace common salt (Sodium Chloride NaCl).

Chlorolithium is an antiviral metal halide utilized in a variety of assays to study cell-fate and neurobiology.
In developing Xenopus embryos, Chlorolithium is observed to exert inhibition of GSK-3β (glycogen synthase kinase-3β), yet not reported to be a general inhibitor of other protein kinases.

These observations may have implications for Chlorolithium on cell-fate determination in several organisms including Xenopus and Dictyostelium.
Additionally, in transfected Chinese Hamster Ovary cells (CHO) stimulated with angiotension II (Ang II), Chlorolithium was noted that Chlorolithium enhanced the production of inositol triphosphate.

The antiviral properties of Chlorolithium were noted in a study which showed that Chlorolithium inhibited pseudorabis virus infection in vitro.
In Drosophila, Chlorolithium was observed that in the nervous system, Chlorolithium may have an effect on amino acid metabolism.
Futhermore, in glial primary cell cultures, Chlorolithium has been noted to provide protection against glutamate excitotoxicity by potentially reducing NR1 mRNA, the major N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunit in the cells.

Chlorolithium is a chemical compound with a chemical formula “LiCl”.
The salt is a normal ionic compound, although the Li+ ion is small in size, Chlorolithium produces unrecognized effects for other alkali metal chlorides, such as exceptional solubility in polar solvents and Chlorolithium hygroscopic properties.

Chlorolithium acts as a highly effective catalyst for cyanosilylation of various aldehydes and ketones to the corresponding silylated cyanohydrins.
The reaction proceeds smoothly with a substrate/catalyst molar ratio of 100−100 000 at 20−25 °C under solvent-free conditions.

α,β-Unsaturated aldehydes are completely converted to the 1,2-adducts.
The cyanation products can be isolated by direct distillation of the reaction mixture.

Uses of Chlorolithium:
Chlorolithium is a metal Chloride salt with the Li(+) counterion.
Chlorolithium works as an antimanic medication.
Chlorolithium an inorganic Chloride and a Lithium salt.

Chlorolithium applications include:
Chlorolithium is primarily utilized in the electrolysis of a LiCl/KCl melt at 450°C (842°F) to produce Lithium metal.
Chlorolithium is also used as a brazing flux for aluminum in vehicle parts, as well as a desiccant for drying air streams.

Chlorolithium is also employed in chemical synthesis, such as an additive in the Stille reaction.
Chlorolithium can also be used to precipitate RNA from cellular samples in biological applications.
Chlorolithium is used as an aversive agent in lab animals to study conditioned location preference and aversion.

Chlorolithium is used in biological research as an immune modulator.
Chlorolithium is used to produce lithium metal and lithium borohydride.

Chlorolithium is also used in fluxes, dipping baths, desiccants, fireworks, fire extinguishers, deicer solutions, dehumidifiers, and photosensitive developers.
Chlorolithium is also used as a catalyst, chlorinating agent, dry cell electrolyte, textile spinning stabilizer, antistatic fabric finish, and wastewater tracer.

Chlorolithium is used in large dehumidification systems in the air conditioning industry.
Chlorolithium depends on the low equilibrium pressure of water vapour above solutions of Chlorolithium.

Chlorolithium is used in a number of salt mixtures exist low melting points allowing Chlorolithium to be used in brazing fluxes and brazing baths.
Chlorolithium is used as an electrolyte for the production of lithium metal and used as an electrolyte in voltaic cells.

Lithium Metal by Electrolysis:
Chlorolithium is primarily used at 450 ° C (842 ° F) for the preparation of lithium metal by electrolysis of a LiCl / KCl.

As Brazing Flux:
Chlorolithium is also used as a brazing flux for aluminum in automobile parts.
Other Chlorolithium Uses:As desiccant in drying air streams.

Chlorolithium is used in organic synthesis.
For example, as an additive in the Stille reaction.

Niche uses:
Chlorolithium is used as a relative humidity standard in the calibration of hygrometers.
At 25 °C (77 °F) a saturated solution (45.8%) of the salt will yield an equilibrium relative humidity of 11.30%.

Additionally, Chlorolithium can be used as a hygrometer.
This deliquescent salt forms a self-solution when exposed to air.

The equilibrium Chlorolithium concentration in the resulting solution is directly related to the relative humidity of the air.
The percent relative humidity at 25 °C (77 °F) can be estimated, with minimal error in the range 10–30 °C (50–86 °F), from the following first-order equation: RH=107.93-2.11C, where C is solution Chlorolithium concentration, percent by mass.

Chlorolithium is used for the preparation of carbon nanotubes, graphene and lithium niobate.

Chlorolithium has been shown to have strong acaricidal properties, being effective against Varroa destructor in populations of honey bees.
Chlorolithium is used as an aversive agent in lab animals to study conditioned place preference and aversion.

Widespread uses by professional workers:
Chlorolithium is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals, pH regulators and water treatment products, metal working fluids, pharmaceuticals, polymers, water treatment chemicals and welding & soldering products.
Chlorolithium is used in the following areas: scientific research and development and health services.

Chlorolithium is used for the manufacture of: chemicals and plastic products.
Other release to the environment of Chlorolithium is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters), outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids), outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).

Uses at industrial sites:
Chlorolithium is used in the following products: welding & soldering products, laboratory chemicals, air care products, inks and toners, pH regulators and water treatment products, metal working fluids, pharmaceuticals, polymers and water treatment chemicals.
Chlorolithium is used in the following areas: scientific research and development and health services.

Chlorolithium is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, plastic products and pulp, paper and paper products.
Release to the environment of Chlorolithium can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid, of substances in closed systems with minimal release and in the production of articles.

Industry Uses:
Adsorbents and absorbents
Functional fluids (closed systems)
Intermediate
Intermediates
Ion exchange agents
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Other
Other (specify)
Processing aids, not otherwise listed

Consumer Uses:
Chlorolithium is used in the following products: coating products, metal surface treatment products, non-metal-surface treatment products, adhesives and sealants, inks and toners, pH regulators and water treatment products, photo-chemicals, polishes and waxes and welding & soldering products.
Other release to the environment of Chlorolithium is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters), outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids), outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).

Other Consumer Uses:
Adsorbent
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Processing aids, not otherwise listed

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Battery Manufacturing
Textiles (Fiber & Fabric Manufacturing)
Sewer and Wastewater Treatment
Photographic Processing
Textiles (Printing, Dyeing, or Finishing)

Applications of Chlorolithium:
Chlorolithium is used as an electrolyte for low temperature dry battery cells and as an oxidation catalyst.
Chlorolithium is a solubilizer for polyamides and cellulose when used with amide solvents, and is a chlorinating agent for steroid substrates.

Chlorolithium has also been utilized in:
Large scale plasmid DNA isolation without ultracentrifugation.
Protein extraction and protein crystallization.
Crystallization of other biological structures, including vitamin B12-RNA aptamer and the L-A virus particle.

Inhibits the expression and secretion of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 in H4-II-E cells.
Chlorolithium is used in the synthesis of beta-substituted alpha-amino acid derivatives.
Chlorolithium may be used to selectively precipitate RNA.

Commercial applications:
Chlorolithium is mainly used for the production of lithium metal by electrolysis of a LiCl/KCl melt at 450 °C (842 °F).
Chlorolithium is also used as a brazing flux for aluminium in automobile parts.

Chlorolithium is used as a desiccant for drying air streams.
In more specialized applications, Chlorolithium finds some use in organic synthesis, e.g., as an additive in the Stille reaction.
Also, in biochemical applications, Chlorolithium can be used to precipitate RNA from cellular extracts.

Chlorolithium is also used as a flame colorant to produce dark red flames.

Electrochemistry:
Lithium metal is produced by electrolysis of Chlorolithium and potassium chloride, which melts at 450°C.
High-purity Chlorolithium is used as the feedstock in the process and makes about 99.5% pure lithium metal.

Lithium is contained in a carbon steel pot, while the chlorine gas is collected in a stainless steel or glass pipe for applications in other processes.
Lithium flows into a collecting tank and is later cast into ingots.
A mesh or stainless-steel screen separates the two compartments to prevent Chlorolithium from mixing.

Biochemical Applications:
Chlorolithium is used to precipitate RNA from cellular extractsAs a flame colorant, Chlorolithium is used to produce dark red flames.

Other Applications:
Chlorolithium is used as a flame colorant to form dark crimson flames.
Chlorolithium is used in the precipitation of RNA in biological applications.

Chlorolithium is an aluminum blazing flux in automobile parts.
Chlorolithium is used for several soldering and welding techniques and salt bath heat treatment at low temperatures.

Chlorolithium is used in massive dehumidification systems in the AC industry.
This depends on the low equilibrium pressure of vapor above Chlorolithium solutions.

Typical Properties of Chlorolithium:

Physical Properties:
Chlorolithium has a sharp, saline taste
Chlorolithium has cubic crystals, crystalline powder, or granule appearance

Chlorolithium has a melting point of 121°F and 2.068 density at 77°F
Chlorolithium aqueous solution is neutral and a bit alkaline
Soluble in ether, nitrobenzene, and water alcohols

Chlorolithium is Deliquescent in nature, appear as cubic crystals, granules or crystalline powder
Chlorolithium has sharp saline taste

Chlorolithium has Boiling point of 2417 to 2480 °F at 760 mm Hg
Chlorolithium Melting point is 1121 °F

Chlorolithium has Density of 2.068 at 77 °F
Aqueous solution of Chlorolithium is neutral or slightly alkaline

Solubility: Very soluble in water alcohols, ether, pyridine, nitrobenzene

Chemical properties:
The salt forms crystalline hydrates, unlike the other alkali metal chlorides.
Mono-, tri-, and pentahydrates are known.

The anhydrous salt can be regenerated by heating the hydrates.
Chlorolithium also absorbs up to four equivalents of ammonia/mol.

As with any other ionic chloride, solutions of Chlorolithium can serve as a source of chloride ion, e.g., forming a precipitate upon treatment with silver nitrate:
LiCl + AgNO3 → AgCl + LiNO3

Chlorolithium reaction with sulfuric acid forms lithium sulfate and hydrogen chloride.

The chemical equation is given below.
2LiCl + H SO → 2 HCl + Li SO

Chlorolithium reacts with a base like sodium hydroxide and forms lithium hydroxide and sodium chloride.
LiCl + NaOH → LiOH + NaCl

Formula and Structure of Chlorolithium:
The chemical formula of Chlorolithium is LiCl.
Chlorolithium has a molar mass of 42.394 g/mol.
On molecular level the positively charged lithium-ion ( Li+ ) reacts with the negatively charged chloride ion ( Cl− ) to form Chlorolithium (LiCl).

Formula:
When the positively charged lithium-ion (Li+) reacts with the negatively charged chloride ion (Cl−) then the obtained formula is known as Chlorolithium (LiCl).
The molecule is formed by one lithium cation Li+ and one chlorine anion Cl–.

The molar mass of Chlorolithium is 42.39 g/mol.
The chemical and molecular formula of Chlorolithium is LiCl.

Structure:
Chlorolithium is an ionic compound in which lithium is a metal compound and chloride is a nonmetal compound.
Where electrons are transferred from metal ion to nonmetal ion.
In this type of structure, one electron is transferred by lithium and Chlorolithium becomes electropositive chlorine gain one electron then Chlorolithium becomes electronegative.

Manufacturing Methods of Chlorolithium:
Chlorolithium can be extracted from other alkali-metal chlorides with amyl alcohol.

By reaction of lithium carbonate and hydrochloric acid, with special steel or nickel equipment because of the extreme corrosivity of Chlorolithium.
Concentration of the solution (eg, in a vacuum evaporator) causes Chlorolithium to crystallize.
Chlorolithium is then separated from the mother liquor, dried, and packed in moisture-proof containers.

General Manufacturing Information of Chlorolithium:

Industry Processing Sectors:
All Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing
All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing
Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing
Miscellaneous Manufacturing
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Other (requires additional information)
Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing

Preparation of Chlorolithium:
Chlorolithium is produced by treatment of lithium carbonate with hydrochloric acid.
Anhydrous Chlorolithium is prepared from the hydrate by heating in a stream of hydrogen chloride.

Precautions of Chlorolithium:
Lithium salts affect the central nervous system in a variety of ways.
While the citrate, carbonate, and orotate salts are currently used to treat bipolar disorder, other lithium salts including the chloride were used in the past.

For a short time in the 1940s Chlorolithium was manufactured as a salt substitute for people with hypertension, but this was prohibited after the toxic effects of Chlorolithium (tremors, fatigue, nausea) were recognized.
Chlorolithium was, however, noted by J. H. Talbott that many symptoms attributed to Chlorolithium toxicity may have also been attributable to sodium chloride deficiency, to the diuretics often administered to patients who were given Chlorolithium, or to the patients' underlying conditions.

Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Chlorolithium:

MeSH Pharmacological Classification:

Adjuvants, Immunologic:
Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level.
The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens.
Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1).

Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens.
The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.

Action Mechanism of Chlorolithium:
Intraperitoneal Chlorolithium (LiCl) induces transient expression of inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER) and c-fos mRNAs in the rat adrenal cortex and increases plasma level of corticosterone.
The cortical expression of ICER mRNA by Chlorolithium occurs in a dose-dependent manner.

Adrenal induction of ICER expression is delayed compared with c-fos expression.
Dexamethasone pretreatment (4 mg/kg) blocks corticosterone release and adrenocortical ICER induction either by systemic Chlorolithium (76 mg/kg) or by restraint stress.
Intracerebroventricular Chlorolithium (127 ug/5 uL) is sufficient for adrenocortical, but not medullary, ICER induction.

Lithium, through modulating basic cellular signalling pathways, is capable of modulating several neurotransmitter systems in the brain such as cholinergic, serotonergic, noradrenergic and dopaminergic pathways.
Lithium may also slightly alter the reuptake and presynaptic storage of catecholamines in directions consistent with incr inactivation of the amines.

In animal brain tissue, Li+ at concn of 1 to 10 mEq/L inhibits the depolarization-provoked and Ca+2-dependent release of norepinephrine and dopamine, but not serotonin, from nerve terminals.
Li+ may even enhance the release of serotonin, especially in the limbic system, at least transiently.

The ion has little effect on catecholamine-sensitive adenylyl cyclase activity or on the binding of ligands to monoamine receptors in brain tissue, although there is some evidence that Li+ can inhibit the effects of receptor-blocking agents that cause supersensitivity in such systems.
Li+ can modify some hormonal responses mediated by adenylyl cyclase or phospholipase C in other tissues, including the actions of antidiuretic and thyroid-stimulating hormones on the actions of antidiuretic and thyroid-stimulating hormones on their peripheral target tissues.
In part, the actions of Li+ may reflect Chlorolithium ability to interfere with the activity of both stimulatory and inhibitory GTP-binding proteins (Gs and Gi) by keeping them in their less active alpha-beta-gamma trimer state.

Drug Warnings of Chlorolithium:
Lithium may also be absorbed via the lungs.
A systemic resorption of lithium was shown in a study on 27 intensive care unit patients, who were mechanically ventilated with lithium-chloride-coated heat and moisture exchangers for at least 5 days.

Serum lithium was non-detectable at the first measurement, whereas 0.01-0.05 mM appeared in the blood from the 1st to the 4th day.
In the following days, Chlorolithium remained at this level or increased to 0.1 mM.

After cessation of the mechanical ventilation, serum lithium levels went back to undetectable levels within a few days.
In a 7 year-old girl, the serum Li concentration rose to about 1 mM after a week, came back to 0.1 mM, rose to 3.9 mM on the 16th day and then returned to the usual low range (0.05-0.1 mM).
The authors calculated that for adults, the daily amount of Chlorolithium inhaled from a new heat and moisture exchanger (80% of the lithium content) can be considered equivalent to an oral dose of 100 mg/day of Chlorolithium or 16 mg Li/day.

Since the ion also is secreted in human milk, women receiving Li+ should not breast-feed infants.

A well-established regimen can be complicated by occasional periods of Na+ loss, as may occur with an intercurrent medical illness or with losses or restrictions of fluids and electrolytes; heavy sweating may be an exception due to a preferential secretion of Li+ over Na+ in sweat.
Hence, patients taking Li+ should have plasma concn checked at least occasionally.

Side effects including nausea, diarrhea, daytime drowsiness, polyuria, polydipsia, weight gain, fine hand tremor, and dermatological reactions including acne are common even in therapeutic dose ranges.

Handling and Storage of Chlorolithium:

Nonfire Spill Response:

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE:
If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with water, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container.
Use absorbent paper dampened with water to pick up any remaining material.

Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal.
Wash all contaminated surfaces with a soap and water solution.
Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS:
You should store this chemical under refrigerated temperatures, and protect Chlorolithium from moisture.

Reactivity Profile of Chlorolithium:
These materials have weak oxidizing or reducing powers.
Redox reactions can however still occur.
For example, CO2, which is often regarded as chemically inert, vigorously oxidizes the strong reducing agent Mg if the two are heated together.

The majority of compounds in this class are slightly soluble or insoluble in water.
If soluble in water, then the solutions are usually neither strongly acidic nor strongly basic.

These compounds are not water-reactive.
Some do react with acids: carbonates generate carbon dioxide and heat when treated with acids; fluorides, sulfites and sulfides generate toxic gases (hydrogen fluoride, sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, respectively) when treated with acids.

First Aid Measures of Chlorolithium:

EYES:
First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present.
Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center.

Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician.
If symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop, immediately transport the victim to a hospital.

SKIN:
IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing.
Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water.
If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION:
IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air.
If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital.

Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere.
Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION:
DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center.
Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician.

If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body.
DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.

Fire Fighting
Fires involving Chlorolithium can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher.

Accidental Release Measures of Chlorolithium:

Spillage Disposal:

Personal protection:
Particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of Chlorolithium.
Sweep spilled substance into covered containers.

If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting.
Carefully collect remainder.
Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Disposal Methods:
The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination.
Recycle any unused portion of the material for Chlorolithium approved use or return Chlorolithium to the manufacturer or supplier.

Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider:
Chlorolithium's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Identifiers of Chlorolithium:
CAS Number: 7447-41-8
ChEBI: CHEBI:48607
ChEMBL: ChEMBL69710
ChemSpider: 22449
ECHA InfoCard: 100.028.375
EC Number: 231-212-3
MeSH: Lithium+chloride
PubChem CID: 433294
RTECS number: OJ5950000
UNII: G4962QA067
UN number: 2056
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID2025509
InChI: InChI=1S/ClH.Li/h1H;/q;+1/p-1
Key: KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M
InChI=1S/ClH.Li/h1H;/q;+1/p-1
Key: KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M
InChI=1/ClH.Li/h1H;/q;+1/p-1
Key: KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-REWHXWOFAB
SMILES: [Li+].[Cl-]

CAS: 7447-41-8
Molecular Formula: ClLi
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 42.39
MDL Number: MFCD00011078
InChI Key: KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M
PubChem CID: 433294
ChEBI: CHEBI:48607
IUPAC Name: lithium(1+) chloride
SMILES: [Li+].[Cl-]

Linear Formula: LiCl
MDL Number: MFCD00011078
EC No.: 231-212-3
Beilstein/Reaxys No.: N/A
Pubchem CID: 433294
IUPAC Name: Lithium chloride
SMILES: [Li+].[Cl-]
InchI Identifier: InChI=1S/ClH.Li/h1H;/q;+1/p-1
InchI Key: KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M

Synonyms: Lithium chloride
Linear Formula: LiCl
CAS Number: 7447-41-8
Molecular Weight: 42.39
EC Number: 231-212-3

CAS number: 7447-41-8
EC number: 231-212-3
Grade: ACS,Reag. Ph Eur
Hill Formula: ClLi
Chemical formula: LiCl
Molar Mass: 42.39 g/mol
HS Code: 2827 39 85
Quality Level: MQ300

Properties of Chlorolithium:
Chemical formula: LiCl
Molar mass: 42.39 g·mol−1
Appearance: white solid
hygroscopic, sharp
Density: 2.068 g/cm3
Melting point: 605–614 °C (1,121–1,137 °F; 878–887 K)
Boiling point: 1,382 °C (2,520 °F; 1,655 K)
Solubility in water: 68.29 g/100 mL (0 °C)
74.48 g/100 mL (10 °C)
84.25 g/100 mL (25 °C)
88.7 g/100 mL (40 °C)
123.44 g/100 mL (100 °C)
Solubility: soluble in hydrazine, methylformamide, butanol, selenium(IV) oxychloride, propanol
Solubility in methanol: 45.2 g/100 g (0 °C)
43.8 g/100 g (20 °C)
42.36 g/100 g (25 °C)
44.6 g/100 g (60 °C)
Solubility in ethanol: 14.42 g/100 g (0 °C)
24.28 g/100 g (20 °C)
25.1 g/100 g (30 °C)
23.46 g/100 g (60 °C)
Solubility in formic acid: 26.6 g/100 g (18 °C)
27.5 g/100 g (25 °C)
Solubility in acetone: 1.2 g/100 g (20 °C)
0.83 g/100 g (25 °C)
0.61 g/100 g (50 °C)
Solubility in liquid ammonia: 0.54 g/100 g (-34 °C)
3.02 g/100 g (25 °C)
Vapor pressure: 1 torr (785 °C)
10 torr (934 °C)
100 torr (1130 °C)
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −24.3·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD): 1.662 (24 °C)
Viscosity: 0.87 cP (807 °C)

Compound Formula: ClLi
Molecular Weight: 42.39
Appearance: White powder
Melting Point: 605° C (1,121° F)
Boiling Point: 1,382° C (2,520° F)
Density: 2.07 g/cm3
Solubility in H2O: N/A
Exact Mass: 41.9849
Monoisotopic Mass: 41.9849

Boiling point: 1360 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 2.07 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Melting Point: 608.52 °C
pH value: 6 (50 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: 1.33 hPa (547 °C)
Bulk density: 530 kg/m3
Solubility: 569 g/l

Molecular Weight: 42.4 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 41.9848561 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 41.9848561 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 0Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 2
Complexity: 2
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Chlorolithium:
Assay (argentometric, LiCl): ≥ 99 %
Insoluble matter: ≤ 0.01 %
Nitrate (NO₃): ≤ 0.001 %
Sulfate (SO₄): ≤ 0.005 %
Heavy metals (ACS): ≤ 0.002 %
Ba (Barium): ≤ 0.002 %
Ca (Calcium): ≤ 0.005 %
Fe (Iron): ≤ 0.0005 %
K (Potassium): ≤ 0.01 %
Mg (Magnesium): ≤ 0.005 %
Na (Sodium): ≤ 0.02 %
Total of alkali: ≤ 0.008 meq/g
Loss on drying (130 °C): ≤ 1.0 %

Boiling Point: 1382.0°C
Melting Point: 605.0°C
Color: White
Physical Form: Crystalline Granules
Quantity: 100 g
Assay Percent Range: 98.5% min. (Argentometry)
Linear Formula: LiCl
Fieser: 01,609; 02,246; 04,298; 05,677; 12,277; 16,194
Merck Index: 15,5584
Solubility Information: Solubility in water: 832g/L (20°C). Other solubilities: soluble in alcohols, ether, pyridine,, nitrobenzene and acetone

Structure of Chlorolithium:
Coordination geometry: Octahedral
Molecular shape: Linear (gas)
Dipole moment: 7.13 D (gas)

Thermochemistry of Chlorolithium:
Heat capacity (C): 48.03 J/mol·K
Std molar entropy (S⦵298): 59.31 J/mol·K
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): -408.27 kJ/mol
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵): -384 kJ/mol

Related compounds of Chlorolithium:

Other anions:
Lithium fluoride
Lithium bromide
Lithium iodide
Lithium astatide

Other cations:
Sodium chloride
Potassium chloride
Rubidium chloride
Caesium chloride
Francium chloride

Names of Chlorolithium:

Regulatory process names:
Lithium chloride
lithium chloride
Lithium chloride (LiCl)

IUPAC names:
LITHIUM CHLORIDE
Lithium Chloride
Lithium chloride
lithium chloride
Lithium Chloride
Lithium Chloride Anhydrous
Lithium chloride anhydrous
Lithium chloride, anhydrous
Lithium monochloride
lithium(1+) chloride
lithium(1+) ion chloride
LITHIUM-CHLORIDE-
lithium;chloride
lithiumchloride
lithuim chloride

Preferred IUPAC name:
Lithium chloride

Systematic IUPAC name:
Lithium(1+) chloride

Trade names:
Chloride Lithium Anhydrous
Lithium chloride

Other identifiers:
1220508-63-3
1309791-76-1
2018280-04-9
404596-80-1
7447-41-8