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Citrus Oil is a colorless liquid aliphatic hydrocarbon classified as a cyclic monoterpene, and is the major component in the oil of citrus fruit peels.
Citrus Oil, occurring more commonly in nature as the fragrance of oranges, is a flavoring agent in food manufacturing.
Citrus Oil is also used in chemical synthesis as a precursor to carvone and as a renewables-based solvent in cleaning products.
CAS: 8008-56-8
EINECS: 289-753-6
The less common Citrus Oil has a piny, turpentine-like odor, and is found in the edible parts of such plants as caraway, dill, and bergamot orange plants.
Citrus Oil takes its name from Italian limone ("lemon").
Citrus Oil is a chiral molecule, and biological sources produce one enantiomer: the principal industrial source, citrus fruit, contains d-limonene ((+)-limonene), which is the (R)-enantiomer.
Citrus Oil is known as dipentene.
Citrus Oil is obtained commercially from citrus fruits through two primary methods: centrifugal separation or steam distillation.
Citrus Oil is the essence of lemon.
Citrus Oil is extracted from lemon peel by advanced cold grinding technology, and its color is light yellow.
As a food additive, the food can be flavored and seasoned.
As an aromatic agent, Citrus Oil can remove the peculiar smell of cars, high-grade clothing and room rooms.
As a massage oil, Citrus Oil can be refreshing.
Citrus Oilis a clear, pale yellow to deep yellow mobile liquid with a characteristic lemon odor.
Citrus Oil is obtained by the expression or distillation of lemon peel and can be used in culinary, household cleaning, aromatherapy, fragrance, and medicinal applications.
Citrus Oil Chemical Properties
Boiling point: 222 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.888 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
FEMA: 2853 | PETITGRAIN LEMON OIL (CITRUS LIMON L. BURM. F)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.471(lit.)
Fp: 195 °F
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Optical activity: [α]20/D +75°, neat
EPA Substance Registry System: Citrus Oil (8008-56-8)
Citrus Oil is obtained by cold expression (mechanical or manual) of the peel in yields of approximately 4%, based on the weight of the fruit.
Citrus Oil is obtained from the fresh peel with or without previous separation of the pulp and the peel.
Citrus Oil has a characteristic odor and taste of the outer part of fresh lemon peel.
A less valuable quality of oil is obtained by steam distillation of the peel.
Citrus Oil is obtained by pressing the peel of the fruits of Citrus limon (L.) Burm. (Rutaceae).
Citrus Oil is a pale yellow or pale greenish-yellow to dark green liquid with a characteristic lemon peel odor.
The composition of Citrus Oil depends on the variety of lemon and the country of origin.
The characteristic odor of Citrus Oil differs from that of other citrus oils and is largely due to neral and geranial.
Annual worldwide production is about 7000 t, of which ～60% originate from Argentina and ～10% each from Spain, the United States, and Italy.
Smaller quantities are also produced in Turkey, Mexico, South Africa, and Brazil.
Citrus Oil is used in many food flavors.
Because of Citrus Oil's fresh odor, relatively large quantities are also employed in eau de cologne and other perfumery products.
Due to a content of furocumarins, the quantity of cold-pressed Citrus Oil to be used in perfumery products is restricted.
Chemical Reactions
Citrus Oil is a relatively stable monoterpene and can be distilled without decomposition, although at elevated temperatures it cracks to form isoprene.
Citrus Oil oxidizes easily in moist air to produce carveol, carvone, and limonene oxide.
With sulfur, Citrus Oil undergoes dehydrogenation to p-cymene.
Citrus Oil occurs commonly as the (R)-enantiomer, but racemizes to dipentene at 300 °C.
When warmed with mineral acid, Citrus Oil isomerizes to the conjugated diene α-terpinene (which can also easily be converted to p-cymene).
Evidence for this isomerization includes the formation of Diels–Alder adducts between α-terpinene adducts and maleic anhydride.
Citrus Oil is possible to effect reaction at one of the double bonds selectively.
Anhydrous hydrogen chloride reacts preferentially at the disubstituted alkene, whereas epoxidation with mCPBA occurs at the trisubstituted alkene.
In another synthetic method Markovnikov addition of trifluoroacetic acid followed by hydrolysis of the acetate gives terpineol.
Uses
Citrus Oil is largely composed of terpenes and sesquiterpenes plus the flavor-imparting oxygenated components.
Citrus Oil is partly water soluble, not stable, and is used in beverages.
Application in food processing
Citrus Oil is used as a food additive, which can flavor and flavor food, and play a role in enhancing flavor.
Citrus Oil is widely used in edible flavors, and also used in toothpaste, tobacco and cosmetic flavors.
Application in medicine
In addition, the medical value of Citrus Oil has long been affirmed, such as removing peculiar smell, eliminating flatulence, helping digestion, refreshing breath, etc., and even has a good effect on sepsis.
Use Citrus Oil as a fragrance
Citrus Oil has a fresh and aromatic scent, can calm people, soothe the nerves, relieve fatigue, and remove the peculiar smell of cars, high-end clothes, and rooms.
Application in cosmetics
Citrus Oil has a strong and fresh fragrance, and the water is sticky.
Citrus Oil has the effects of cleansing, astringent, balancing oil secretion, whitening skin, increasing skin luster and reducing freckles.
Therefore, Citrus Oil has good reference value in the development and application of facial creams, moisturizers, perfumes and other cosmetics.
Application in biological pesticide and pest control:
Citrus Oil has the advantages of high biological activity against pests, resistance to pesticides, low toxicity to humans and animals, and no pollution to the environment.
Citrus Oil is a good biological pesticide raw material, which has strong fumigation and contact killing activity and population suppression effect on pests.
Citrus Oil is used as a masking, perfuming, and skin-conditioning agent in cosmetics and personal care products.
According to information supplied to the FDA by the industry as part of the Voluntary Cosmetic Registration Program (VCRP), citrus limon (lemon) peel oil has the most reported uses in cosmetic and personal care products; more than half of the uses are in leave-on skin care preparations.
When diluted and applied topically, Citrus Oil can get rid of bacteria that get caught in pores and cause breakouts.
By gently exfoliating dead skin cells that accumulate in pores and hair follicles, Citrus Oil can also aid in skin clearing.
Citrus Oil, a natural exfoliator, is a component of lemon oil.
Citrus Oil may also have astringent properties and can help with complexion improvement, especially for oily skin types that are prone to large pores.
Citrus Oil can be used as a tightening and toning astringent in face washes to lessen oil production, as well as to lessen the appearance of cellulite in creams and lotions.
Biosynthesis
In nature, Citrus Oil is formed from geranyl pyrophosphate, via cyclization of a neryl carbocation or its equivalent as shown.
The final step involves loss of a proton from the cation to form the alkene.
Production Method
From the herb citronella (Cymbopogon citronatus; Adapted name: West India) grown in tropical and subtropical regions or serpentine citronella (C. flexuosus; Adapted to name East Indian lemon grass) fresh or micro-dried whole plant, obtained by cutting and steam distillation.
The yield was 0.2%-0.8%.
The East Indian type is mainly produced in India, and the yield is small.
The West Indian type is produced in Haiti, Honduras, Costa Rica, Brazil, etc. China's Guangdong, Fujian, Guangxi, Yunnan, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Taiwan and other places also produced.
Synonyms
Lemon oil
LEMONGRASS
lemongrass oil
LEMONGRASS OIL
Lemongrass Oil
Oils,lemongrass
lemongrassoilwestindian
westindianlemongrassoil
Petitgrain citronnier oil
oiloflemongrass,westindian
LEMONGRASS OIL, EAST INDIAN
lemongrassoilfromcymbopogoncitratusd.c.
cedrooil
Lemonoil,distilled
Lemonoil,Guinea
Lemonoilconcentrate
Lemonpetigrainoil
CITRONELLA OIL CEYLON
CITRONELLA OIL, CHINESE
CITRONELLA OIL, JAVA
