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CAS NUMBER: 20427-59-2
EC NUMBER: 243-815-9
MOLECULAR FORMULA: Cu(OH)₂
MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 99.58
IUPAC NAME: copper;dihydrate
Copper Hydroxide is the hydroxide of copper with the chemical formula of Cu(OH)2.
It is a pale greenish blue or bluish green solid.
Some forms of Copper Hydroxide are sold as "stabilized" copper(II) hydroxide, although they likely consist of a mixture of copper(II) carbonate and hydroxide.
Copper Hydroxide is a strong base, although its low solubility in water makes this hard to observe directly.
Occurrence:
-Copper Hydroxide has been known since copper smelting began around 5000 BC although the alchemists were probably the first to manufacture it by mixing solutions of lye (sodium or potassium hydroxide) and blue vitriol (copper(II) sulfate).
Sources of both compounds were available in antiquity.
Copper Hydroxide was produced on an industrial scale during the 17th and 18th centuries for use in pigments such as blue verditer and Bremen green.
These pigments were used in ceramics and painting.
-Laboratory Synthesis:
Copper Hydroxide can be produced by adding a sodium hydroxide to a dilute solution of copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4·5H2O).
The precipitate produced in this manner, however, often contains water and an appreciable amount of sodium hydroxide impurity.
A purer product can be attained if ammonium chloride is added to the solution beforehand.
Alternatively, copper hydroxide is readily made by electrolysis of water (containing a little electrolyte such as sodium sulfate, or magnesium sulfate) with a copper anode.
-Mineral:
The mineral of the formula Cu(OH)2 is called spertiniite.
Copper Hydroxide is rarely found as an uncombined mineral because it slowly reacts with carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to form a basic copper(II) carbonate.
Thus copper slowly acquires a dull green coating in moist air by the reaction:
2 Cu(OH)2 + CO2 → Cu2CO3(OH)2 + H2O
The green material is in principle a 1:1 mole mixture of Cu(OH)2 and CuCO3.
This patina forms on bronze and other copper alloy statues such as the Statue of Liberty.
Structure:
The structure of Cu(OH)2 has been determined by X-ray crystallography The copper center is square pyramidal.
Four Cu-O distances in the plane range are 1.96 Å, and the axial Cu-O distance is 2.36 Å.
The hydroxide ligands in the plane are either doubly bridging or triply bridging.
Reactions:
Copper Hydroxide is stable to about 100 °C.
Copper Hydroxide reacts with a solution of ammonia to form a deep blue solution of tetramminecopper [Cu(NH3)4]2+ complex ion.
Copper Hydroxide catalyzes the oxidation of ammonia solutions in presence of dioxygen, giving rise to copper ammine nitrites, such as Cu(NO2)2(NH3)n.
Copper Hydroxide is mildly amphoteric.
Copper Hydroxide dissolves slightly in concentrated alkali, forming [Cu(OH)4]2−.
Reagent for Organic Chemistry:
Copper Hydroxide has a rather specialized role in organic synthesis.
Often, when it is utilized for this purpose, it is prepared in situ by mixing a soluble copper(II) salt and potassium hydroxide.
It is sometimes used in the synthesis of aryl amines.
For example, copper Hydroxide catalyzes the reaction of ethylenediamine with 1-bromoanthraquinone or 1-amino-4-bromoanthraquinone to form 1-((2-aminoethyl)amino)anthraquinone or 1-amino-4-((2-aminoethyl)amino)anthraquinone.
Copper Hydroxide also converts acid hydrazides to carboxylic acids at room temperature.
This conversion is useful in the synthesis of carboxylic acids in the presence of other fragile functional groups.
The yields are generally excellent as is the case with the production of benzoic acid and octanoic acid:
Uses:
Copper Hydroxide in ammonia solution, known as Schweizer's reagent, possesses the interesting ability to dissolve cellulose.
This property led to it being used in the production of rayon, a cellulose fiber.
Copper Hydroxide is also used widely in the aquarium industry for its ability to destroy external parasites in:
-fish
-including flukes
-marine ich
-brook
-marine velvet without killing the fish.
Although other water-soluble copper compounds can be effective in this role, they generally result in high fish mortality.
Copper Hydroxide has been used as an alternative to the Bordeaux mixture, a fungicide and nematicide.
Such products include Kocide 3000, produced by Kocide L.L.C. Copper(II) hydroxide is also occasionally used as ceramic colorant.
Copper Hydroxide has been combined with latex paint, making a product designed to control root growth in potted plants.
Secondary and lateral roots thrive and expand, resulting in a dense and healthy root system.
Other Copper Hydroxides:
Together with other components, Copper Hydroxides are numerous.
Several copper(II)-containing minerals contain hydroxide.
Notable examples include azurite, malachite, antlerite, and brochantite.
Azurite (2CuCO3·Cu(OH)2) and malachite (CuCO3·Cu(OH)2) are hydroxy-carbonates, whereas antlerite (CuSO4·2Cu(OH)2) and brochantite (CuSO4·3Cu(OH)2) are hydroxy-sulfates.
Many synthetic copper Hydroxide derivatives have been investigated.
Copper hydroxide is an organic molecular entity.
Copper Hydroxide Decomposes at melting point, with loss of water.
APPLICATIONS:
-In manufacture of rayon
-battery electrodes
-other copper salts
-as mordant in dyeing; as pigment
-in fungicides
-insecticides
-as feed additive
-in treating and staining paper
-in prepn of Schweitzer's reagent
-in catalysts
Copper Hydroxide reacts with sulfuric acid forms copper sulfate and water.
Copper Hydroxide reacts with nitric acid forms copper nitrate and water.
Copper Hydroxide fungicides, first developed in the 1970’s, have become favored for most fungicide applications.
It is a mixture of copper hydroxide and copper sulfate is used as insecticides and pesticides.
Malachite copper hydroxide carbonate a bright green mineral used as an ore of copper and as a semiprecious stone for making ornaments.
Copper Hydroxide is sed as an effective biocides as wood preservatives.
Industry Uses:
-Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
-Architectural and electrical products
-Industrial Use
-Intermediates
-Metal Recovery
-Metals recovery
-Solids separation agents
-It Used as a smelter feedstock for metal recovery.
-It Used as smelter feedstock for metal recovery
-It used as smelter feedstock for metal recovery
Copper Hydroxide is a highly water insoluble crystalline Copper source for uses compatible with higher (basic) pH environments.
Hydroxide, the OH- anion composed of an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom, is commonly present in nature and is one of the most widely studied molecules in physical chemistry.
Hydroxide compounds have diverse properties and uses, from base catalysis to detection of carbon dioxide
Copper Hydroxide (chemical formula Cu(OH)2) is the hydroxide of the metal copper.
The typical color of copper hydroxide is blue.
Some forms of Copper Hydroxide are sold as "stabilized" copper hydroxide, quite likely a mixture of copper(II) carbonate and hydroxide.
These are often greener in color.
Copper Hydroxide also converts acid hydrazides to carboxylic acids at room temperature.
This is especially useful in synthesizing carboxylic acids with other fragile functional groups.
The published yields are generally excellent as is the case with the production of benzoic acid and octanoic acid.
it is disfavored because of environmental contamination problems.
Copper Hydroxide is also occasionally used as ceramic colorant.
Copper Hydroxide is also called cupric hydroxide is a pale blue precipitate produced when sodium or potassium hydroxide is added in excess to a solution of a copper salt.
Copper Hydroxide is crystalline but inert compound used in the preparation of a wide variety of salts.
Copper Hydroxide is prepared by adding just sufficient aqueous ammonia to cupric sulphate to hold the copper in solution and then precipitating the hydroxide either by the addition of an equivalent quantity of alkali by removing ammonia from the solution using a dessicator.
What is Copper Hydroxide used for?
Copper Hydroxide used as fungicides.
A mixture of copper hydroxide and copper sulfate is also used as insecticides and pesticides.
Malachite copper hydroxide is a bright green mineral used as a semiprecious stone for making ornaments.
How is copper hydroxide formed?
Copper Hydroxide is formed by adding a sodium hydroxide to a dilute solution of copper(II) sulfate(CuSO4·5H2O).
Is Copper Hydroxide ionic or covalent?
Copper hydroxide(Cu(OH)2) is an ionic compound.
Copper Hydroxide undergoes dissociation to produce Cu2+ cation and OH- anion.
Cu is a metal and oxygen is non-metal so the bond between Cu and Oxygen is ionic in nature.
Is Copper Hydroxide a weak base?
Copper Hydroxide is a hydrated copper oxide, and it does provide some concentration of OH- ions when it is in the presence of acids (H3O+).
However, it is largely insoluble in water.
Therefore, copper hydroxide would not be considered an alkali, but rather a weak base.
Is Copper Hydroxide a fungicide?
Copper hydroxide used as a fungicide.
The compound which is used to kill parasitic fungi or their spores is known as fungicide.
Structure and Chemical Formula:
The chemical formula of Copper Hydroxide is Cu(OH)2.
Copper Hydroxides molecule is an ionic compound that consists of the ions OH– and Cu2+.
The structure of copper hydroxide crystals was found from the method of X-ray crystallography.
Copper Hydroxide was found that the central atom Cu is square pyramidal and the planar and axial lengths of Cu-O bonds are 1.96 Å and 2.36 Å respectively.
Planar hydroxide ions either doubly or triply bridging other nearby copper atoms.
Copper hydroxide is often used in organic synthesis by the addition of potassium hydroxide and a soluble copper(II) salt.
Applications of Copper Hydroxide:
-Copper Hydroxide is used in the production of rayon, as copper hydroxide in ammonia solution can dissolve cellulose.
The solution of Cu(OH)2 in NH3 solution is known as Schweizer’s reagent.
-Copper Hydroxide is used to treat fish in the aquarium industry, as it can kill external parasites, flukes, marine ich, brook and marine velvet.
-Copper Hydroxide can be used as a replacement to the Bordeaux mixture, which is a fungicide and nematicide.
-Cu(OH)2 is also sometimes used as a colourant in the ceramic industry.
-Copper Hydroxide is used in a product which is used to control the root growth of a potted plant.
-Copper hydroxide and copper sulfate are used in pesticides and insecticides in the form of a mixture.
-Copper Hydroxide is also used as a wood preservative.
Cupric hydroxide will decompose with time or heat to form black copper oxide.
Copper Hydroxide is used as a source for Copper salts and as a mordant in dyeing textiles.
Copper hydroxide reacts with Ammonium hydroxide to form the cuprammonium ion that is capable of dissolving Cellulose.
Copper Hydroxide is used in the manufacture of rayon. Copper hydroxide has also been reported as a component in marine corrosion crusts on copper alloys
The orthorhombic nature of copper hydroxide crystals was determined by X ray diffraction.
Copper Hydroxide can act as a heterogeneous catalyst in the selective oxidative cross coupling of terminal alkynes to yield their corresponding ynamides.
Copper Hydroxide based monoliths can be used in the synthesis of copper hydroxide-based monolithic xerogels.
Potential applications of this metal organic frameworks (MOFs) include gas storage, separation, drug delivery, and biomedicine. Supported Cu(OH)x can be used as a catalyst for the aerobic cross dehydrogenative coupling of benzenethiols and cyclic amides to yield N-acylsulfenamides.
Copper hydroxide based monoliths can be used in the synthesis of copper hydroxide-based monolithic xerogels.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF COPPER HYDROXIDE:
-Molecular Weight: 99.58
-Exact Mass: 98.950726
-Monoisotopic Mass: 98.950726
-Topological Polar Surface Area: 2 Ų
-Color: light blue
-Form: Drypowder (Blue-green powder)
-Melting Point: 80 °C
-Solubility: soluble in acids and ammonium hydroxide
-Solubility in water: Insoluble
-Density: 3.37
-Magnetic susceptibility (χ): +1170.0·10−6 cm3/mol
-Solubility product (Ksp): 2.20 x 10−20
-Std molar entropy (So298): 108 J·mol−1·K−1
-Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): −450 kJ·mol−1
-pH:7.69
Copper Hydroxide is a hydroxide or hydrated oxide of copper.
Copper Hydroxide is the hydroxide Cu(OH)2 obtained as a blue precipitate by the action of alkali on cupric salt solutions or as blue crystals and used chiefly as a mordant and in preparing cuprammonium solution
Copper Hydroxide is an inorganic compound that is a crystalline solid.
Copper Hydroxide is usually a bluish-green solid or a pale greenish-blue solid.
Copper Hydroxide is a strong base, but its action is difficult to detect due to its low solubility in water.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF COPPER HYDROXIDE:
-Isotope Atom Count: 0
-Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
-Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
-Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
-Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
-Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
-Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
-Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
-Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
-Rotatable Bond Count: 0
-Heavy Atom Count: 3
-Formal Charge: 0
-Complexity: 2.8
STORAGE OF COPPER HYDROXIDE:
Copper Hydroxide should be stored in a moisture-free environment.
Copper Hydroxide should be stored in a dry environment.
Copper Hydroxide should be kept in a ventilated environment.
Copper Hydroxide should be stored in dry containers.
Copper Hydroxide should be kept in a cool place.
Copper Hydroxide should be stored at constant pressure.
Copper Hydroxide should not be stored in very cold environments.
Copper Hydroxide should not be stored in the same environment with substances that react instantly.
SYNONYMS:
Copper(II) hydroxide
Copper dihydroxide
copper;dihydrate
copper(II)hydroxide
dihydroxycopper
Kuprablau
Parasol
Champ
Cuzin
Kocide
Wetcol
Cupravit blau
Comac Parasol
Cupravit Blue
Blue Shield
Funguran OH
KOP Hydroxide
Kocide SD
Nu-Cop
Copper(2+) hydroxide
copper hydrate
Kocide Cupric Hydroxide Formulation Grade
Kocide Copper Hydroxide Antifouling Pigment
Cupric Hydroxide Formulation Grade Agricultural Fungicide
Copper(II) hydroxide, technical grade
