CYANOBENZENE

Cyanobenzene is an aromatic organic compound with the formula C₆H₅CN, consisting of a benzene ring attached to a nitrile group, and is widely used as a polar aprotic solvent and chemical intermediate.
Cyanobenzene is primarily produced industrially by the ammoxidation of toluene with ammonia and oxygen over metal oxide catalysts at elevated temperatures.
Cyanobenzene serves as a key precursor in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dyes, and liquid crystals, and is also used in high-temperature organic reactions and spectroscopic studies due to its stability and strong dipole moment.

CAS Number: 100-47-0
EC Number: 202-855-7
Chemical Formula: C6H5CN: 
Molar Mass: 103.12 g/mol

Synonyms: BENZONITRILE, 100-47-0, Cyanobenzene, Phenyl cyanide, Benzenenitrile, Benzoic acid nitrile, Benzene, cyano-, Benzenecarbonitrile, Phenylcyanide, Fenylkyanid, Fenylkyanid, UNII-9V9APP5H5S, NSC 8039, UN2224, AI3-24184, 9V9APP5H5S, C6H5-CN, CHEBI:27991, Benzonitrile, MFCD00001770, DSSTox_CID_1491, DSSTox_RID_76183, DSSTox_GSID_21491, benzonitril, CAS-100-47-0, HSDB 45, CCRIS 3184, EINECS 202-855-7, benzo nitrile, 4-cyanobenzene, benzonitrile solvent, WLN: NCR, bmse000284, EC 202-855-7, SCHEMBL6640, MLS002454387, CHEMBL15819, DTXSID7021491, TIMTEC-BB SBB028746, NSC8039, AKOS B004231, Benzonitrile, anhydrous, >=99%, OTAVA-BB 1778585, AKOS 91614, ART-CHEM-BB B004231, HMS3039F17, LABOTEST-BB LTBB001814, ZINC899417, Benzonitrile, for HPLC, 99.9%, NSC-8039, AKOS BBS-00004403, Tox21_201982, Tox21_302979, Benzonitrile, ReagentPlus(R), 99%, STK398186, AKOS000120125, AM10697, AS02370, MCULE-9371683291, UN 2224, NCGC00091747-01, NCGC00091747-02, NCGC00256387-01, NCGC00259531-01, LS-13256, SMR001372003, B0082, FT-0622719, C09814, Q412567, J-000140, F1908-0163, Z1263529746, 100-47-0, 202-855-7, 506893 , Benzonitril, Benzonitrile, Benzonitrile, cyanobenzene, MFCD00001770, phenyl cyanide, 13205-50-0 , 2102-15-0 , Benzene, cyano-, benzenecarbonitrile, benzenenitrile, benzoic acid nitrile, Benzonitrile-d5, dichloromethylsulfonylmethylbenzene, Fenylkyanid , Fenylkyanid, Phenylcyanide, WLN: NCR

Cyanobenzene is an aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C₆H₅CN, consisting of a benzene ring attached to a nitrile group (–CN).
Cyanobenzene appears as a clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid with a faint almond-like odor, and it is moderately toxic.

Cyanobenzene is polar and relatively stable, with limited solubility in water but good miscibility with organic solvents such as alcohols, ethers, and acetone.
Cyanobenzene is primarily used as a solvent and intermediate in organic synthesis, especially in the production of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dyes, and liquid crystals.

In the laboratory and industry, Cyanobenzene serves as a precursor to various substituted benzenes and heterocycles.
Cyanobenzene is typically produced by the dehydration of benzamide or via nucleophilic aromatic substitution of chlorobenzene with cyanide salts.
Due to its electron-withdrawing nitrile group, Cyanobenzene is also commonly used as a probe molecule in spectroscopy and reaction mechanism studies, especially in NMR and IR spectroscopy.

Cyanobenzene is the chemical compound with the formula C6H5(CN), abbreviated PhCN. 
Cyanobenzene is mainly used as a precursor to the resin benzoguanamine.

A colorless toxic oily compound C6H5CN of almond-oil odor made by fusing a mixture of sodium cyanide and sodium benzenesulfonate and in other ways and used chiefly as a solvent for synthetic resins.
Cyanobenzene was traditionally produced by two-step reactions; first, benzoic acid was made from toluene under liquid phase oxidation, and then, benzoic acid was oxidized with ammonia to produce Cyanobenzene.

Cyanobenzene is a widely utilized as a solvent and an intermediate in industries making drugs, perfumes, dyes, rubber, textiles, resins and specialty lacquers. 
Cyanobenzene finds application as a versatile precursor for many derivatives. 
Cyanobenzene coordinates with transition metal to form complexes which act as synthetic intermediates.

Cyanobenzene, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as Cyanobenzenes. 
Cyanobenzenes containing a benzene bearing a nitrile substituent. 

Cyanobenzene is a colorless liquid with a sweet almond odour. 
Cyanobenzene is mainly used as a precursor to the resin benzoguanamine. 
Cyanobenzene is a rancid tasting compound and Cyanobenzene has been detected, but not quantified, in a few different foods, such as cherry and garden tomato. 

Cyanobenzene is a useful solvent and a versatile precursor to many derivatives such as benzamides and Diphenylketimine. 
Cyanobenzene is produced by ammoxidation of toluene, that is Cyanobenzene reaction with ammonia and oxygen (or air) at 400 to 450C (752 to 842 F) 

Cyanobenzene is an aromatic nitrile compound with the molecular formula C₆H₅CN, structurally composed of a benzene ring bonded directly to a cyano group (–C≡N).
This configuration makes Cyanobenzene the simplest member of the aryl nitrile family.

Cyanobenzene appears as a clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid at room temperature and possesses a mild, almond-like odor, which is characteristic of many nitrile compounds.
Cyanobenzene is a polar, aprotic solvent due to the strongly electronegative nitrogen in its nitrile group, yet it retains partial aromatic character from the benzene ring.

Cyanobenzene has a boiling point of around 191 °C, a melting point of –13°C, and a density of about 1.01 g/cm³ at 20°C.
Cyanobenzene is sparingly soluble in water but readily miscible with most organic solvents, such as acetone, ethanol, and diethyl ether.

The presence of the electron-withdrawing nitrile group makes Cyanobenzene an important chemical building block in both laboratory and industrial chemistry.
Cyanobenzene is widely used as a versatile intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, azo dyes, benzimidazoles, and heterocyclic compounds.

Moreover, Cyanobenzene is a key precursor in the production of liquid crystalline materials used in LCD displays.
In organic synthesis, Cyanobenzene serves as a solvent and reaction medium, particularly in reactions that require a polar, non-nucleophilic environment—such as Grignard reactions, Friedel–Crafts acylations, and metal-catalyzed cross-coupling.

Cyanobenzene is most commonly manufactured by the dehydration of benzamide or through nucleophilic aromatic substitution (S_NAr) where chlorobenzene reacts with a cyanide salt like sodium cyanide (NaCN) in the presence of a copper(I) catalyst.
Industrial production methods are optimized to reduce the release of free cyanide, due to its toxicity and environmental concerns.

In analytical chemistry and physical chemistry, Cyanobenzene is frequently employed as a probe molecule in spectroscopic studies, particularly NMR and IR spectroscopy, because its nitrile group has a sharp and distinct absorption band in the infrared region (around 2225 cm⁻¹).
Cyanobenzene is also useful in studying solvent effects, molecular interactions, and reaction mechanisms due to its stable, planar aromatic structure and strong dipole moment.

Although Cyanobenzene is considered moderately toxic, it is less hazardous than many aliphatic nitriles such as acetonitrile.
However, inhalation or ingestion may cause irritation or systemic toxicity, and Cyanobenzene should be handled with appropriate safety measures.
From an environmental perspective, Cyanobenzene is relatively persistent in the environment and is subject to biodegradation under certain microbial conditions, but cyanide-containing intermediates must be managed responsibly during disposal or spills.

In summary, Cyanobenzene is a chemically stable, industrially valuable aromatic nitrile that plays a significant role as both a solvent and a reactive intermediate in various chemical, pharmaceutical, and materials science applications.
Cyanobenzene's combination of polarity, chemical reactivity, and aromatic character makes it an essential compound in both research and manufacturing.

Market Overview of Cyanobenzene:
The global market for Cyanobenzene is driven by its critical role as an intermediate in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, dye, and specialty chemical industries.
As a versatile aromatic nitrile, Cyanobenzene is widely used in the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients, benzimidazoles, and liquid crystal materials, particularly in high-tech applications such as LCD display production.

Cyanobenzene's use as a polar aprotic solvent also supports demand in organic synthesis and advanced research.
The market is experiencing moderate but steady growth, supported by expanding pharmaceutical manufacturing in Asia-Pacific, especially in China and India, which are emerging as key production hubs for fine chemicals.

Meanwhile, established markets like North America and Europe maintain stable demand, particularly in research and specialty materials.
However, environmental regulations, handling safety due to cyanide-related production, and competition from alternative solvents may pose challenges to its widespread adoption.
Despite this, the increasing need for high-performance intermediates and specialized aromatic compounds is expected to sustain Cyanobenzene’s relevance in global chemical markets.

Applications of Cyanobenzene:
Cyanobenzene is a useful solvent and a versatile precursor to many derivatives. 
Cyanobenzene reacts with amines to afford N-substituted benzamides after hydrolysis, Cyanobenzene is a precursor to Ph2C=NH (b.p. 151 °C, 8 mm Hg) via reaction with phenylmagnesium bromide followed by hydrolysis.

Cyanobenzene can form coordination complexes with late transition metals that are both soluble in organic solvents and conveniently labile, e.g. PdCl2(PhCN)2. 
The Cyanobenzene ligands are readily displaced by stronger ligands, making Cyanobenzene complexes useful synthetic intermediates.

Cyanobenzene is a widely utilized as a solvent and an intermediate in industries making drugs, perfumes, dyes, rubber, textiles, resins and specialty lacquers. 
Cyanobenzene finds application as a versatile precursor for many derivatives. 
Cyanobenzene coordinates with transition metal to form complexes which act as synthetic intermediates.

Cyanobenzene may be used in the synthesis of organic building blocks such as 2-cyclopentylacetophenone, 4-carbomethoxy-5-methoxy-2-phenyl-1,3-oxazole and 1-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-6,7-methylenedioxyisoquinoline. 
Cyanobenzene may also be used as a solvent in the synthesis of bis(trifluoromethyl)diazomethane.

Uses of Cyanobenzene:
Cyanobenzene is used as a solvent and intermediate in industries making drugs, perfumes, dyes, rubber, textiles, resins, and specialty lacquers.
Cyanobenzene is a highly versatile compound primarily used as a chemical intermediate and solvent in various industrial and research applications.

In the pharmaceutical industry, Cyanobenzene serves as a precursor for the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and complex heterocycles such as benzimidazoles and isoquinolines, which are core structures in many therapeutic agents. 
In the agrochemical sector, Cyanobenzene is used in the production of herbicides, fungicides, and plant growth regulators.

Cyanobenzene also plays a crucial role in the dye and pigment industry, where it is involved in the synthesis of azo dyes and other colorants.
Another significant use of Cyanobenzene is in the production of liquid crystal materials, which are essential components of LCD (liquid crystal display) technologies used in screens, monitors, and other electronic devices.

As a polar aprotic solvent, Cyanobenzene is valued in organic synthesis and organometallic reactions, particularly for its stability and ability to dissolve a wide range of compounds.
Additionally, in academic and analytical chemistry, Cyanobenzene is used as a probe molecule in NMR and IR spectroscopy due to its well-defined dipole and sharp IR absorption band.
Overall, Cyanobenzene's stability, polarity, and functional reactivity make it a crucial building block in both fine chemical production and advanced materials research.

Laboratory uses:
Cyanobenzene is a useful solvent and a versatile precursor to many derivatives. 

Cyanobenzene reacts with amines to afford N-substituted benzamides after hydrolysis.
Cyanobenzene is a precursor to diphenylketimine Ph2C=NH (b.p. 151 °C, 8 mm Hg) via reaction with phenylmagnesium bromide followed by methanolysis.

Cyanobenzene forms coordination complexes with transition metals that are both soluble in organic solvents and conveniently labile. 
One example is PdCl2(PhCN)2. 
The Cyanobenzene ligands are readily displaced by stronger ligands, making Cyanobenzene complexes useful synthetic intermediates.

Industrial uses:
Cyanobenzene is used as an intermediate for rubber chemicals and as a solvent for nitrile rubber, specialty lacquers, many resins, polymers and for many anhydrous metallic salts. 
Cyanobenzene is principally used as an intermediate for benzoguanamine. 

Cyanobenzene is also used as an additive in nickel-plating baths, separating naphthalene and alkylnaphthalenes from non-aromatics by azetropic distillation; as jet-fuel additive; in cotton bleaching baths; as a drying additive for acrylic fibers; and in the removal of titanium tetrachloride and vanadium oxychloride from silicon tetrachloride. 
Cyanobenzene is also used in perfumes at a maximum level of 0.2% in the final product.

Benefits of Cyanobenzene:
Cyanobenzene offers a range of benefits that make it a valuable compound in chemical synthesis, industrial manufacturing, and research applications.
One of Cyanobenzene's key advantages is its versatility as both a solvent and a reactive intermediate, thanks to the combination of its aromatic ring and electron-withdrawing nitrile group.

This structure imparts chemical stability, moderate polarity, and the ability to participate in diverse organic reactions, including nucleophilic substitutions and cross-coupling reactions.
As a polar aprotic solvent, Cyanobenzene can dissolve a wide range of polar and nonpolar compounds without participating in hydrogen bonding, making it ideal for specialized synthetic procedures, especially those involving strong nucleophiles or metal catalysts.

Cyanobenzene's high boiling point (~191°C) and thermal stability allow it to be used in high-temperature reactions, enhancing process efficiency.
In analytical chemistry, Cyanobenzene's distinct infrared absorption (around 2225 cm⁻¹) and sharp NMR signals make it a useful probe molecule for studying molecular interactions and solvent effects.

Additionally, Cyanobenzene serves as a key intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dyes, and liquid crystals, offering manufacturers a reliable and cost-effective route to high-value end products.
Cyanobenzene's widespread compatibility with organic solvents and reagents also contributes to operational flexibility in laboratories and industrial plants.
Overall, Cyanobenzene's chemical robustness, functional group compatibility, and role in advanced material development position it as an indispensable compound in modern chemistry.

Production of Cyanobenzene:
Cyanobenzene is primarily produced through well-established industrial synthetic pathways that involve the transformation of benzene-based or benzenoid compounds into a nitrile derivative.

The most common production methods include:

Ammoxidation of Toluene:
This is the most widely used industrial method for large-scale Cyanobenzene production due to its economic feasibility and availability of raw materials. 
In this process, toluene (C₆H₅CH₃) is reacted with ammonia (NH₃) and oxygen (O₂) in the presence of a metal oxide catalyst (commonly vanadium or molybdenum-based) at elevated temperatures.

Reaction:
C₆H₅CH₃+NH₃+23O₂→C₆H₅CN+3H₂O
This is an oxidative dehydrogenation reaction, and it proceeds through the formation of benzylic intermediates before generating Cyanobenzene.
Cyanobenzene is cost-effective and scalable, commonly used in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries.

Dehydration of Benzamide:
Another method involves the dehydration of benzamide (C₆H₅CONH₂) using strong dehydrating agents like phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅), thionyl chloride (SOCl₂), or acidic catalysts.

Reaction:
C₆H₅CONH₂→C₆H₅CN+H₂O

This route is mostly used in laboratory synthesis or for high-purity Cyanobenzene production.
Cyanobenzene offers better selectivity but is less economical for large-scale production compared to ammoxidation.

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Halobenzenes:
In this method, chlorobenzene or bromobenzene is reacted with alkali metal cyanide salts (such as NaCN or KCN) under high temperature and pressure, often with a copper(I) catalyst to promote substitution.

Reaction:
C₆H₅Cl+NaCN→C₆H₅CN+NaCl

This process is common in academic research and fine chemical synthesis.
Cyanobenzene poses safety challenges due to the use of toxic cyanide salts, and waste treatment is critical for environmental compliance.

Alternative Routes (Green Chemistry Approaches):

Recent research has focused on greener methods of Cyanobenzene production using:
Microwave-assisted synthesis
Electrochemical nitrilation
Flow chemistry systems
Biocatalytic processes using nitrile hydratase enzymes (though more common for aliphatic nitriles)

These methods aim to reduce environmental impact, avoid toxic reagents, and enhance process safety, although most are still under development or used at pilot scale.

History of Cyanobenzene:
Cyanobenzene was reported by Hermann Fehling in 1844. 
He found Cyanobenzene as a product from the thermal dehydration of ammonium benzoate. 

He deduced Cyanobenzene structure from the already known analogue reaction of ammonium formate yielding hydrogen cyanide (formonitrile). 
He also coined the name Cyanobenzene which gave the name to all the group of nitriles.

In 2018, Cyanobenzene was reported to be detected in the interstellar medium.

Scientists in the early 20th century were rather dubious about the idea that molecules existed within the vacuum of space, free from being bound to stars or planets. 
This could be ascribed to the fact that they were able to rationalize how any molecules in space would be destroyed but not necessarily how they were formed.

However, with advancements in astronomical facilities and laboratory spectroscopy, simple molecular species, carbon chains, complex organic molecules (COMs), fullerenes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been found to be omnipresent in the space environment. 
Molecules have been detected at every stage of stellar evolution and in regions and situations that might seem inhospitable to the formation and survival of chemical bonds.

Amongst these discoveries, the most exciting one might be the detection of Cyanobenzene, an intriguing organic molecule that helps to chemically link simple carbon-based molecules and truly massive ones like the PAHs. 

Cyanobenzene was spotted in an interstellar dust cloud 430 light-years away, known as the Taurus molecular cloud (TMC-1), using a radio telescope. 
Cyanobenzene is the first time a specific aromatic molecule has been detected using radio spectroscopy.

Astrochemists have suspected that PAHs were widespread throughout the universe and were estimated to make up about 10% of all interstellar carbon. 
Despite their expected ubiquity, astronomical identification of specific aromatic molecules has been proven elusive until now. 

For instance, bond stretching motions in their infrared spectra are too similar to parse, and many PAHs lack strong polarity. 
This latter point makes signatures in their rotational spectra—typically collected with radio telescopes—difficult to detect. 
This has created a huge impediment in distinguishing one PAH from another.

For these reasons, in order to understand the chemistry of PAHs in interstellar medium, much effort has been centered on modeling the formation of readily detectable small five- and six-membered aromatic rings and their subsequent reactions with smaller hydrocarbons and nitrogen species to produce PAHs. 
Cyanobenzene’s lopsided chemical arrangement allowed the chemists to identify nine distinct spikes in the radio spectrum that correspond to the molecule. 
They also could observe the additional effects of nitrogen nuclei on the radio signature.

Although, Cyanobenzene isn’t strictly a PAH because of the nitrogen Cyanobenzene contains as well as the lack of multiple cycles, this molecule is the center of the attention currently because of Cyanobenzenes strong dipole moment and also because Cyanobenzene forms from a reaction between benzene and cyanide, which may be able to help us estimate how much benzene, an aromatic compound, exists in space, as well as other molecules, if we are able to measure Cyanobenzene.

Cyanobenzene is an exciting new discovery not only because Cyanobenzene is a precursor to more complex PAHs and the fact that Cyanobenzene sheds light on the composition of aromatic material within the interstellar medium — the material that will eventually be incorporated into new stars and planets. 
The detection of Cyanobenzene in space is also exciting also because Cyanobenzene provides a chemical link to the carriers (PAHs) of the unidentified infrared bands. 

The intrinsic infrared emission from PAHs have been deduced as the likely culprit for as-yet unidentified infrared bands – emissions generated by numerous cosmic (galactic and extragalactic sources) sources. 
Hence, this discovery is a vital clue in a 30-year-old mystery: identifying the source of a faint infrared glow that permeates the Milky Way and other galaxies.

Handling and Storage of Cyanobenzene:

Safe Handling:
Handle in a well-ventilated area or under a chemical fume hood.
Avoid inhalation of vapors and contact with skin or eyes.

Use non-sparking tools and explosion-proof equipment when applicable.
Prevent formation of aerosols or mists.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling this chemical.

Storage Conditions:
Store in tightly sealed containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area.
Keep away from heat sources, sparks, open flames, and strong oxidizing agents.

Recommended storage temperature: below 25°C.
Protect from direct sunlight and moisture.

Stability and Reactivity of Cyanobenzene:

Chemical Stability:
Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.
Hygroscopic in nature (can absorb moisture slightly).

Conditions to Avoid:
Heat, open flames, high temperatures.
Prolonged exposure to air or light may cause decomposition.

Incompatible Materials:
Strong oxidizing agents (e.g., nitric acid, peroxides).
Strong bases or acids (may cause hydrolysis or degradation).
Alkali metals and reducing agents.

Hazardous Decomposition Products:
Hydrogen cyanide (HCN)
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO₂)

First Aid Measures of Cyanobenzene:

Inhalation:
Move the person to fresh air.
Keep at rest.

If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen.
Seek medical attention.

Skin Contact:
Immediately wash with soap and water for at least 15 minutes.
Remove contaminated clothing.
Seek medical help if irritation persists.

Eye Contact:
Rinse eyes thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes, lifting eyelids.
Seek immediate medical attention.

Ingestion:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Rinse mouth with water.
Call poison control or seek medical help immediately.

Firefighting Measures of Cyanobenzene:

Suitable Extinguishing Media:
Dry chemical powder
Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
Alcohol-resistant foam
Water spray (use with caution)

Fire Hazards:
Flammable liquid and vapor.
Can release toxic gases such as hydrogen cyanide, CO, and NOx during combustion.

Special Protective Equipment:
Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and full protective clothing.
Prevent fire-fighting water runoff from contaminating soil or waterways.

Accidental Release Measures of Cyanobenzene:

Personal Precautions:
Evacuate unnecessary personnel.
Avoid breathing vapors; use proper PPE.
Ventilate the area.

Spill Cleanup Procedures:
Absorb spill with inert absorbent material (e.g., vermiculite, sand).
Place in sealed, labeled containers for proper disposal.

Wash spill area with soap and water after cleanup.
Do not allow to enter sewers, waterways, or soil.

Environmental Precautions:
Prevent contamination of ground and surface waters.
Notify local environmental authorities in case of large spill.

Exposure Controls / Personal Protective Equipment of Cyanobenzene:

Occupational Exposure Limits:
No established TLV (ACGIH) or PEL (OSHA), but minimize exposure as a precaution.
Use local exhaust or fume hood to keep airborne levels below recommended limits.

Engineering Controls:
Use mechanical exhaust ventilation or chemical fume hoods.
Ensure eye-wash stations and safety showers are nearby.

Personal Protective Equipment:

Type: 
Recommendation

Gloves:
Nitrile or neoprene gloves, chemical-resistant. Change regularly.

Eye:
Chemical safety goggles or face shield

Skin/Body:
Lab coat, long sleeves, chemical-resistant apron if needed

Respiratory:
If ventilation is inadequate, use a NIOSH-approved organic vapor respirator

Identifiers of Cyanobenzene:
Chemical Formula: C₆H₅CN
Molar Mass: 103.12 g/mol
Structure: Aromatic ring with a nitrile (–C≡N) group

CAS Number: 100-47-0
EC Number (EINECS): 202-857-1
UN Number: UN1992 (for transport as flammable liquid)
PubChem CID: 7517
ChemSpider ID: 7240
UNII (FDA): GOL8NW2UQT
RTECS Number: DI9100000
KEGG ID: C07112
Beilstein Registry: 1209242
NSC Number: NSC 40707

SMILES: N#Cc1ccccc1
InChI: 1S/C7H5N/c8-6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5H
InChIKey: JNJDQFSVGZQCGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Canonical SMILES: C1=CC=C(C=C1)C#N
Molecular Shape: Planar, conjugated aromatic system
Dipole Moment: ~4.2 Debye

CAS number: 100-47-0
EC index number: 608-012-00-3
EC number: 202-855-7
Hill Formula: C₇H₅N
Chemical formula: C₆H₅CN
Molar Mass: 103.12 g/mol
HS Code: 2926 90 70
Quality Level: MQ200

CAS Number: 100-47-0
3DMet: B01115
ChEBI: CHEBI:27991
ChEMBL: ChEMBL15819
ChemSpider: 7224 
ECHA InfoCard: 100.002.596
EC Number: 202-855-7
KEGG: C09814 
PubChem CID: 7505
RTECS number: DI2450000
UNII: 9V9APP5H5S 
UN number: 2224
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID7021491 
InChI: InChI=1S/C7H5N/c8-6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5H
Key: JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 
InChI=1/C7H5N/c8-6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5H
Key: JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYAY
SMILES: N#Cc1ccccc1

Properties of Cyanobenzene:
Boiling point: 190 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 1.00 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 1.4 - 7.2 %(V)
Flash point: 70 °C
Ignition temperature: 550 °C (experimental)
Melting Point: -13 °C
Vapor pressure: 1 hPa (20 °C)
Solubility: 10 g/l

Chemical formula: C6H5(CN)
Molar mass: 103.12 g/mol
Density: 1.0 g/ml
Melting point: −13 °C (9 °F; 260 K)
Boiling point: 188 to 191 °C (370 to 376 °F; 461 to 464 K)
Solubility in water: <0.5 g/100 ml (22 °C)
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): -65.19·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD): 1.5280

Molecular Weight: 103.12
XLogP3: 1.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 0: 
Exact Mass: 103.042199164
Monoisotopic Mass: 103.042199164: 
Topological Polar Surface Area: 23.8 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 8: 
Complexity: 103: 
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Quality Level: 100
Grade: anhydrous
Assay: ≥99%
Form: liquid
Expl. lim.: 0.34-6.3 %
Impurities:
<0.003% water
<0.005% water (100 mL pkg)
Evapn. residue: <0.0003%
Refractive index:n20/D 1.528 (lit.)
bp: 191 °C (lit.)
mp: −13 °C (lit.)
SMILES string: N#Cc1ccccc1
InChI: 1S/C7H5N/c8-6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5H
InChI key: JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: -14.00 to -12.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 191.00 to 193.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.768000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C.
Flash Point: 159.00 °F. TCC ( 70.56 °C. )
logP (o/w): 1.560
Shelf Life: 12.00 month(s) or longer if stored properly.

Specifications of Cyanobenzene:
Assay (GC, area%): ≥ 99.0 % (a/a)
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C): 1.004 - 1.005
Identity (IR): passes test

Names of Cyanobenzene:

Preferred IUPAC name:
Benzonitrile

Systematic IUPAC name:
Benzenecarbonitrile

Other names:
cyanobenzene
phenyl cyanide