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D-Gluconic Acid also helps maintain controlled acidity without excessive sourness.
D-Gluconic Acid improves product quality and shelf stability.
D-Gluconic Acid is best described as a mild, highly water-soluble organic acid derived from glucose that is widely used to regulate acidity, bind metal ions, stabilize formulations, and improve cleaning and processing performance in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and industrial systems.
CAS Number: 526-95-4
Molecular Formula: C6H12O7
Molecular Weight: 196.16
EINECS Number: 208-401-4
Synonyms: gluconic acid, D-gluconic acid, 526-95-4, dextronic acid, maltonic acid, Glycogenic acid, (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid, Glosanto, Pentahydroxycaproic acid, D-Gluco-hexonic acid, DTXSID8027169, R4R8J0Q44B, DTXCID307169, INS NO.574, DTXSID8042000, CHEBI:33198, INS-574, NSC-77381, E-574, NSC77381, RefChem:5859, GlyTouCan:G12678RQ, CHEBI:24266, DTXCID201012074, G12678RQ, 208-401-4, Gluconic acid, D-, Gluconic acid (VAN), 133-42-6, D-Gluconsaeure, D-Glukonsaeure, Hexonic acid, BRN 1726055, D-Gluconic Acid (50% in Water), Glyconic acid, C6H12O7, Dextronate, Glycogenate, Glyconate, Maltonate, NSC 77381, GCO, MFCD00004240, HSDB 487, EINECS 208-401-4, UNII-R4R8J0Q44B, sodium-gluconate, ketogluconic acid, 2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxycaproic acid, D-?Gluconic acid, Pentahydroxycaproate, L-glycero-Hexonic acid, GLUCONAL GA-50, SCHEMBL971, bmse000084, EC 208-401-4, GLUCONIC ACID [MI], GLUCONIC ACID [HSDB], 4-03-00-01255 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), GLUCONIC ACID [VANDF], GLUCONIC ACID [MART.], CHEMBL464345, orb1909580, D-Gluconic acid 50% in water, GLUCONIC ACID [WHO-DD], SCHEMBL28144132, MSK3252, GluconicAcid(containsGluconolactone), HY-Y0569, 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxy-hexanoate, Tox21_202745, EBC-26178, s3595, SBB066208, AKOS015895892, D-Gluconic acid - 45-50% in water, DB13180, MG15339, 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxy-hexanoic acid, GLUCONIC ACID (50% IN WATER), Gluconic Acid (contains Gluconolactone), NCGC00260293-01, CAS-526-95-4, E574, CS-0015343, G0036, NS00008847, 2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxycaproic acid solution, C00257, D70789, SBI-0635367.0002, T10934, EN300-7392806, F240908, F600945, Q407569, BRD-K93201765-001-01-0, (3S,2R,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid, Gluconic Acid (contains Gluconolactone) (45-50% in Water), 6E52B5FC-5676-4139-977A-4D643EDDB159, 124423-64-9, 2,3,4,5,6-PENTAHYDROXYCAPROIC ACID;GLYCOGENIC ACID;GLUCONIC ACID;PENTAHYDROXYCAPROIC ACID;glyconicacid;Ultra-Mg [as magnesium salt dihydrate];MALTONIC ACID;Gluconicacidaqsoln
D-Gluconic Acid is an organic compound occurring widely in nature arising from the glucose oxidation.
D-Gluconic Acid is naturally found in fruit, honey and wine.
It can also be used as a food additive to regulate acidity and a cleaning agent in alkaline solution.
D-Gluconic Acids calcium salt, calcium gluconate can be used to treat burns from hydrofluoric acid and avoid necrosis of deep tissues as well as treating the verapamil poisoning and hypocalcemia in hospitalized patient.
D-Gluconic Acid is also important in advanced chelation chemistry, where its multiple hydroxyl groups and single carboxyl group allow it to form stable, water-soluble complexes with metal ions in a way that is strong enough to control unwanted reactions but mild enough to avoid harsh chemical effects seen with stronger chelators.
D-Gluconic Acid balance makes it especially useful in sensitive formulations where product stability is critical.
D-Gluconic Acid improves metal control and formulation stability.
In food processing systems, D-Gluconic Acid helps prevent quality loss caused by trace metals such as iron and copper, which can accelerate oxidation reactions that lead to off-flavors, discoloration, and nutrient degradation during storage.
By binding these metals, it helps slow down spoilage reactions.
D-Gluconic Acid improves food shelf life and sensory quality.
D-Gluconic Acid plays a role in maintaining clarity by preventing haze formation caused by mineral precipitation, especially in drinks that contain naturally occurring calcium, magnesium, or iron from water sources or added ingredients.
Its chelating action keeps dissolved minerals in a stable form.
D-Gluconic Acid improves beverage appearance and product consistency.
D-Gluconic Acid is especially valuable because it forms highly soluble salts (gluconates) with essential minerals like calcium, iron, and zinc, which are often preferred in supplements due to better solubility and gentler absorption profiles compared with other mineral salts.
This makes it a key building block for nutritional and medicinal formulations.
D-Gluconic Acid improves mineral bioavailability and pharmaceutical effectiveness.
In injectable medical solutions and clinical nutrition, D-Gluconic Acid salts derived from gluconic acid are widely used because they are well-tolerated and compatible with biological systems, allowing controlled delivery of electrolytes and trace minerals in medical treatments.
In cosmetic stabilization systems, D-Gluconic Acid helps protect active ingredients such as vitamins, peptides, and fragrances from degradation caused by metal-catalyzed oxidation, which can otherwise reduce product effectiveness and shelf life.
D-Gluconic Acid also supports gentle pH adjustment in skin-compatible formulations.
D-Gluconic Acid improves cosmetic durability and ingredient protection.
In detergent and cleaning technology, D-Gluconic Acid enhances performance in hard water conditions by binding calcium and magnesium ions, preventing them from interfering with surfactants and reducing the efficiency of soaps and detergents.
This allows cleaning agents to work effectively even in mineral-rich water.
D-Gluconic Acid improves cleaning efficiency and water compatibility.
In industrial metal surface treatment, D-Gluconic Acid is used to control oxidation and scaling during cleaning, pickling, and surface preparation processes, helping maintain smooth and uniform metal surfaces before coating, painting, or further processing.
Its mild nature reduces damage to treated surfaces compared to stronger acids.
D-Gluconic Acid improves surface quality and processing control.
In construction chemistry and cement technology, D-Gluconic Acid acts as a set-retarding agent by interacting with calcium ions in cement hydration processes, slowing crystal formation and allowing longer working times during mixing, transport, and pouring.
Some salts of gluconate can also be used to treat malaria (quinidine gluconate) and anemia (ferrous gluconate).
In microbiology, gluconate is a common carbon source that can be supplemented to the medium for cell growth.
D-Gluconic Acid improves formulation stability and controlled acidity.
Chemically, D-Gluconic Acid contains a six-carbon sugar-derived structure with one carboxylic acid group and multiple hydroxyl (-OH) groups, making it highly water-soluble and capable of forming stable complexes with metal ions such as calcium, iron, magnesium, and aluminum.
D-Gluconic Acid metal-binding ability is one of its most important industrial properties.
This improves chelation and stabilization performance.
Physically, it appears as a colorless to pale yellow liquid or crystalline powder, depending on concentration and processing method, and it has a mild acidic taste compared with stronger food acids.
D-Gluconic Acid is highly soluble in water and forms salts called gluconates, which are widely used in food and pharmaceutical systems.
This improves compatibility and ease of formulation.
Functionally, gluconic acid acts mainly as a chelating and pH-controlling agent, where it stabilizes products by binding metal ions that could otherwise catalyze oxidation, discoloration, precipitation, or flavor deterioration in foods and industrial formulations.
D-Gluconic Acid is the European food additive code for gluconic acid, a mild, naturally occurring organic acid derived from glucose.
D-Gluconic Acid is primarily used as an acidity regulator, chelating agent, and stabilizer in foods, beverages, and cosmetics.
D-Gluconic Acid is an organic acid derived from glucose through oxidation, with the chemical formula C₆H₁₂O₇, and it is mainly used as an acidity regulator, sequestrant, chelating agent, stabilizer, and cleaning agent in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and industrial applications because it can control pH, bind metal ions, and improve stability of formulations without having the strong sharp acidity associated with acids like citric or hydrochloric acid.
Melting point: 15 °C
Boiling point: 102 °C
alpha: D20 -6.7° (c = 1)
Density: 1.23
refractive index: 1.4161
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: DMSO (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly), Water
form: Crystalline Powder or Crystals
pka: pK (25°) 3.60
color: White to light yellow
Specific Gravity: 1.234
PH: 2.2 (20°C, 500g/L in H2O)
Odor: commercial 50 aq. soln. lt. amber, faint odor of vinegar
optical activity: [α]/D +9.0 to 15.5°
Water Solubility: Soluble in water.
Merck: 14,4456
BRN: 1726055
Cosmetics Ingredients Functions: CHELATING; PERFUMING
Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR): Gluconic acid (526-95-4)
InChI: 1S/C6H12O7/c7-1-2(8)3(9)4(10)5(11)6(12)13/h2-5,7-11H,1H2,(H,12,13)/t2-,3-,4+,5-/m1/s1
InChIKey: RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N
SMILES: OCC@@HC@@HC@HC@@HC(O)=O
LogP: -2.116 (est)
D-Gluconic Acid derivatives such as calcium gluconate and iron gluconate are widely used because gluconates are highly soluble and biologically compatible, allowing efficient delivery of minerals in supplements and medical treatments.
The parent acid itself also serves as a stabilizer and chelator.
D-Gluconic Acid improves mineral bioavailability and formulation stability.
D-Gluconic Acid functions as a mild acidifying and chelating agent that helps stabilize formulations, improve preservative performance, and reduce metal-catalyzed oxidation that could damage fragrances, colors, or active ingredients.
It is considered gentler than many stronger acids.
D-Gluconic Acid improves cosmetic stability and skin compatibility.
D-Gluconic Acid is highly valued because it binds calcium, iron, and other metal ions that contribute to water hardness, helping detergents and cleaning agents work more efficiently without forming mineral deposits or scale buildup on equipment surfaces.
D-Gluconic Acid is commonly used in eco-friendly cleaning products.
This improves cleaning performance and equipment maintenance.
In metal treatment and surface processing industries, D-Gluconic Acid is used to control metal ion activity during cleaning, plating, and finishing operations, helping prevent unwanted precipitation and improving surface treatment consistency.
Its biodegradable nature makes it attractive compared with some harsher chelating agents.
D-Gluconic Acid improves process stability and environmental compatibility.
D-Gluconic Acid and gluconates can function as set retarders, slowing the hardening process of cement mixtures by interacting with calcium ions, which allows more controlled working time during construction operations.
This is particularly useful in hot environments or complex pours.
D-Gluconic Acid improves workability and construction control.
D-Gluconic Acid naturally appears as a metabolic product during microbial oxidation of glucose, making it important in industrial fermentation research and microbial process optimization.
D-Gluconic Acids production pathways are widely studied in industrial microbiology.
This improves understanding of biochemical production systems.
D-Gluconic Acid is valued because it is biodegradable and derived from renewable carbohydrate sources such as glucose, making it a more environmentally friendly alternative to some synthetic chelating and acidifying agents used in industrial processes.
This supports greener chemical technologies.
D-Gluconic Acid improves sustainability and environmental safety.
D-Gluconic Acid is an organic compound with molecular formula C6H12O7 and condensed structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4CO2H.
A white solid, it forms the gluconate anion in neutral aqueous solution.
The salts of gluconic acid are known as "gluconates".
D-Gluconic Acid, gluconate salts, and gluconate esters occur widely in nature because such species arise from the oxidation of glucose.
Some drugs are injected in the form of gluconates.
D-Gluconic Acid is an organic compound with molecular formula C6H12O7 and condensed structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH.
D-Gluconic Acid is one of the 16 stereoisomers of 2,3,4,5,6-penta hydroxy hexanoic acid.
In aqueous solution at neutral pH, gluconic acid forms the gluconate ion.
The salts of gluconic acid are known as "gluconates".
D-Gluconic Acid, gluconate salts, and gluconate esters occur widely in nature because such species arise from the oxidation of glucose. Some drugs are injected in the form of gluconates.
D-Gluconic Acid is an acid sugar composed of white crystals with a milk-acidic taste.
In aqueous solutions, it is in equilibrium with gamma- and delta-gluconolactones.
D-Gluconic Acid is prepared by enzymatic oxidation of glucose and strains of the microorganisms used to supply the enzyme action are nonpathogenic and nontoxicogenic to man or other animals.
D-Gluconic Acid is used as a component of bottle rinsing formulations, at levels not to exceed good manufacturing practice.
D-Gluconic Acid is widely used in food manufacturing, where its mild acidity allows manufacturers to adjust pH without creating an overly sour taste, making it useful in beverages, dairy products, baked goods, and processed foods where balanced flavor and chemical stability are important.
D-Gluconic Acids gentle acid profile makes it suitable for sensitive formulations.
This improves flavor control and product stability.
D-Gluconic Acid and its salts help stabilize mineral content and prevent unwanted precipitation caused by dissolved metal ions, especially in drinks containing calcium or iron that might otherwise form sediments or discoloration during storage.
Its chelating ability helps maintain clarity and consistency.
D-Gluconic Acid improves beverage appearance and shelf life.
In dairy and cheese processing, gluconic acid contributes to controlled acidification and stabilization of mineral balance, helping improve texture development and reducing undesirable reactions caused by calcium interactions in some formulations.
D-Gluconic Acid can also help regulate microbial conditions during production.
D-Gluconic Acid improves product consistency and processing control.
Uses Of D-Gluconic Acid:
D-Gluconic Acid is mainly used as an acidity regulator, chelating agent, stabilizer, and formulation aid because it controls pH and binds metal ions that can otherwise destabilize food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and industrial products.
In food and beverages, it is used to stabilize minerals, prevent discoloration, and control acidity.
D-Gluconic Acid improves shelf life and product quality.
D-Gluconic Acid is used to maintain stability and prevent unwanted mineral reactions.
This improves texture and consistency.
In pharmaceuticals and supplements, it is used to produce soluble mineral gluconates and stabilize formulations.
D-Gluconic Acid improves bioavailability and product reliability.
In cosmetics and skincare, it is used to stabilize active ingredients and adjust pH gently.
This improves product stability and skin compatibility.
In industrial cleaning systems, it is used to soften water and prevent scale by binding metal ions.
D-Gluconic Acid improves cleaning efficiency and equipment protection.
D-Gluconic Acid is used as a cement set retarder to control hardening time.
This improves workability and construction control.
D-Gluconic Acid is mainly used as a chelating agent, acidity regulator, and stabilizer because it binds metal ions like calcium, iron, and magnesium, and helps control pH while improving the stability and quality of many formulations.
In food and beverages, it is used to control acidity, prevent discoloration, and stop unwanted precipitation caused by metal ions.
D-Gluconic Acid improves shelf life, clarity, and taste stability.
In dairy and processed foods, it is used to stabilize mineral balance and improve product consistency.
D-Gluconic Acid improves texture and prevents quality degradation during storage.
In pharmaceuticals and supplements, it is used to form soluble mineral gluconates and stabilize formulations.
This improves mineral absorption and product effectiveness.
In cosmetics and skincare products, it is used to stabilize active ingredients and adjust pH gently.
This improves formulation stability and skin compatibility.
In industrial cleaning products, it is used to soften water by binding hardness ions and improving detergent efficiency.
D-Gluconic Acid is an acidulant that is a mild organic acid which is the hydrolyzed form of glucono-delta-lactone.
D-Gluconic Acid is prepared by the fermentation of dextrose, whereby the physiological d-form is produced.
D-Gluconic Acid is soluble in water with a solubility of 100 g/100 ml at 20°c.
D-Gluconic Acid has a mild taste and at 1% has a ph of 2.8.
D-Gluconic Acid functions as an antioxidant and enhances the function of other antioxidants.
D-Gluconic Acid in beverages, syrups, and wine, it can eliminate calcium turbidities.
D-Gluconic Acid is used as a leavening component in cake mixes, and as an acid component in dry-mix desserts and dry beverage mixes.
D-Gluconic Acid is mainly used as an acidity regulator, chelating agent, stabilizer, and cleaning aid because it controls pH and binds metal ions that could otherwise destabilize products or reduce processing efficiency.
In food and beverages, D-Gluconic Acid is used to regulate acidity, stabilize minerals, and prevent discoloration or precipitation.
This improves flavor balance and shelf stability.
In dairy and processed foods, it is used to support controlled acidification and texture stability.
This improves product consistency.
In pharmaceuticals and supplements, it is used to stabilize formulations and produce soluble mineral gluconates.
D-Gluconic Acid improves mineral delivery and formulation reliability.
In cosmetics and skincare products, D-Gluconic Acid is used as a mild acidifier and chelating agent to stabilize formulations.
D-Gluconic Acid improves product stability and compatibility with skin.
In industrial cleaners and detergents, it is used to soften water and prevent scale formation by binding metal ions.
D-Gluconic Acid improves cleaning efficiency and equipment protection.
In construction materials, it is used as a cement set retarder to control hardening time.
D-Gluconic Acid improves workability and construction management.
Safety Profile Of D-Gluconic Acid:
D-Gluconic Acid is not highly flammable and is generally chemically stable under normal storage conditions.
D-Gluconic Acid improves storage and transport safety.
From a toxicological perspective, gluconic acid and its salts are generally recognized as safe for approved food and pharmaceutical uses because they are metabolically compatible and biodegradable.
D-Gluconic Acid is generally considered a low hazard organic acid, especially because it is mild, biodegradable, and closely related to natural carbohydrate metabolism, although concentrated forms can still cause irritation and industrial handling risks.
The primary hazards involve mild irritation to skin, eyes, and the respiratory system, particularly when handling concentrated solutions, powders, or aerosols during industrial processing.
Protective handling procedures are recommended for large-scale use.
D-Gluconic Acid improves workplace safety.
Skin contact is usually low risk, though prolonged exposure to concentrated gluconic acid solutions may cause mild irritation or dryness due to acidic effects.
Washing with water is generally sufficient.
Eye contact may cause moderate irritation, especially from concentrated solutions or powders because acidic compounds can disrupt sensitive eye tissue.
Protective eyewear is recommended during industrial handling.
Inhalation of powder or mist may cause temporary respiratory irritation, particularly in poorly ventilated environments.
Dust and aerosol control measures are recommended.
