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Di-tert butyl peroxide is one of the most stable organic peroxides, due to the tert-butyl groups being bulky.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is a colorless liquid.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is a peroxide compound that contains two tert-butyl groups (2,2-dimethylpropyl groups) attached to the oxygen atom in the peroxide functional group.
CAS Number: 110-05-4
Molecular Formula: C8H18O2
Molecular Weight: 146.23
EINECS Number: 203-733-6
Synonyms: Di-tert-butyl peroxide, 110-05-4, tert-Butyl peroxide, Di-t-butyl peroxide, t-Butyl peroxide, Cadox, Peroxide bis(1,1-dimethylethyl), Trigonox B, 2-(tert-Butylperoxy)-2-methylpropane, tert-Butylperoxide, Cadox TBP, Kayabutyl D, Perbutyl D, Interox DTB, Bis(tert-butyl) peroxide, Di-tert-butylperoxid, Peroxyde de butyle tertiaire, Di-tert-butyl peroxyde, Di-tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, di-tert-butylperoxide, Perossido di butile terziario, NSC 673, 2-tert-butylperoxy-2-methylpropane, Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) peroxide, Di-tertiary-butyl peroxide, M7ZJ88F4R1, DTXSID2024955, NSC-673, (Tributyl)peroxide, DTXCID704955, Bis(t-butyl)peroxide, 2,2'-dioxybis(2-methylpropane), CAS-110-05-4, di-t butyl peroxide, Di-tert-butylperoxid [German], CCRIS 4613, di(t-butyl) peroxide, Di-tert-butyl peroxyde [Dutch], HSDB 1326, EINECS 203-733-6, Peroxyde de butyle tertiaire [French], BIS(1,1-DIMETHYLETHYL)PEROXIDE, Perossido di butile terziario [Italian], UNII-M7ZJ88F4R1, t-butylperoxide, tBuOOtBu, Di-t-butylperoxide, di-tertbutylperoxide, ditert.butylperoxide, 2-tert-butylperoxy-2-methyl-propane, MFCD00008803, di-tertbutyl peroxide, ditert-butyl peroxide, di-tert.butyl peroxide, di-tertiarybutylperoxide, ditertiary butylperoxide, ditertiarybutyl peroxide, Peroxide, tert-butyl-, di(tert.-butyl)peroxide, di(tert.butyl) peroxide, di-tert.-butyl peroxide, di-tertiary butylperoxide, ditertiary butyl peroxide, (tert-C4H9O)2, di-tertiary butyl peroxide, DTBP [MI], Peroxide, bis-tert-butyl-, EC 203-733-6, SCHEMBL14861, NSC673, CHEMBL1558599, (CH3)3CO-OC(CH3)3, 2-tert-butyldioxy-2-methylpropane, Tox21_201461, Tox21_300099, AKOS015902599, 2-(tert-Butylperoxy)-2-methylpropane #, NCGC00091801-01, NCGC00091801-02, NCGC00091801-03, NCGC00254065-01, NCGC00259012-01, tert-Butyl peroxide (Luperox DI) 97%, Luperox(R) DI, tert-Butyl peroxide, 98%, D3411, FT-0625359, BIS(1,1-DIMETHYLETHYL)PEROXIDE [HSDB], A802134, Q413043, t-butyl peroxide bis(1,1-di-methylethyl)peroxide, J-002365, J-520402, WLN: 1X1 & 1 & OOX1 & 1 & 1, F0001-0215.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is commonly used as a radical initiator in various chemical reactions, particularly in polymerization processes.
When heated or subjected to certain conditions, it decomposes to generate alkoxyl and alkyl radicals, which initiate polymerization reactions.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is a colourless, mobile liquid, consisting of technically pure di-(tert.butyl) peroxide.
The chemical structure of Di-tert butyl peroxide is (CH3)3COOC(CH3)3.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is a white crystalline solid at room temperature and is highly flammable.
This highly volatile Di-tert butyl peroxide is used as an initiator (radical source) in the polymerisation of monomers, crosslinking of polyethylene, and rheology control of polypropylene.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is nonpolar and insoluble in water.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is a strong oxidizer and may ignite organic materials or explode if shocked or in contact with reducing agents.
Di-tert butyl peroxide, often abbreviated as DTBP, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula (C4H9)2O2.
Di-tert butyl peroxide, also known as DTBP, is an organic compound used in polymer chemistry and organic synthesis as a radical initiator.
Ungraded products supplied by TCI America are generally suitable for common industrial uses or for research purposes but typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is a reactive oxygen species that has been used as an oxidant in organic synthesis.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is typically produced by the oxidation of tert-butanol with hydrogen peroxide and sodium citrate.
Di-tert butyl peroxide has been shown to be highly resistant to degradation, even at high pH values.
Di-tert butyl peroxide has also been shown to induce neuronal death in vivo, which may be due to its ability to produce hydroxyl radicals and other reactive oxygen species.
Di-tert butyl peroxide can be used for wastewater treatment because it reacts with organic matter and produces less sludge than chlorine.
Di-tert butyl peroxide also has the ability to react with chemicals in a variety of ways, including transfer reactions, such as the addition of alcohols or esters.
Di-tert butyl peroxide bond undergoes homolysis at temperatures above 100 °C.
For this reason Di-tert butyl peroxide is commonly used as a radical initiator in organic synthesis and polymer chemistry.
The decomposition reaction proceeds via the generation of methyl radicals.
(CH3)3COOC(CH3)3 → 2 (CH3)3CO•
(CH3)3CO• → (CH3)2CO + CH•3
2 CH•3 → C2H6
Di-tert butyl peroxide can in principle be used in engines where oxygen is limited, since the molecule supplies both the oxidizer and the fuel.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is widely used as a catalyst and reaction initiator.
Knowledge of the peroxide content is important in such applications.
This test method provides a procedure for determining the active peroxide content of commercial Di-tert butyl peroxide.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is an organic peroxide.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is a relatively stable compound at room temperature, but it can decompose exothermically when heated or exposed to light.
This decomposition leads to the release of radicals, which can initiate polymerization reactions.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is commonly used as an initiator in the production of various types of polymers.
Di-tert butyl peroxide can initiate the polymerization of monomers like styrene, vinyl chloride, and other unsaturated compounds.
The generated radicals help link monomers together to form polymer chains.
Di-tert butyl peroxide's stability is attributed to the presence of bulky tert-butyl groups on the peroxide oxygen atoms.
These groups hinder the decomposition of the peroxide, making it less reactive at room temperature compared to other peroxides.
Due to its potential for thermal decomposition, Di-tert butyl peroxide should be handled with care.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is highly flammable, and its decomposition can lead to fire or explosion.
Proper storage and handling procedures are essential, and it should be stored away from heat, open flames, and other sources of ignition.
Di-tert butyl peroxide, like other organic peroxides, is subject to regulations and safety guidelines to minimize the risks associated with its use and storage.
Users typically need to be trained in its safe handling and storage.
Di-tert butyl peroxide can be used in chemical synthesis for other purposes, such as the oxidation of organic compounds or the production of organic peracids.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is a clear, water-white liquid.
Di-tert butyl peroxide or DTBP is an organic compound consisting of a peroxide group bonded to two tert-butyl groups.
Di-tert butyl peroxide has a specific gravity of 0.79, which is lighter than water, and it will float on the surface.
In addition to being an oxidizer, Di-tert butyl peroxide is highly flammable.
Di-tert butyl peroxide has a boiling point of 231°F (110°C) and a flash point of 65°F (18°C).
The NFPA 704 designation is health 3, flammability 2, and reactivity 4.
The prefix “oxy” for oxidizer is placed in the white section at the bottom of the 704 diamond.
Di-tert butyl peroxide consists of a peroxide group bonded to two tert-butyl groups.
Since the tert-butyl groups are bulky, it is one of the most stable organic peroxides.
Melting point: -30 °C
Boiling point: 109-110 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.796 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor pressure: 40 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.3891(lit.)
Flash point: 34 °F
storage temp.: Store at +15°C to +25°C.
solubility: 0.063g/l
form: Liquid
color: Clear
Odor: distinctive odor
Water Solubility: immiscible
Merck: 14,3461
BRN: 1735581
Stability: May decompose explosively if heated, subjected to shock, or treated with reducing agents. Highly flammable. Refrigerate.
InChIKey: LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 3.2 at 22℃
Di-tert butyl peroxide is just one of the possible isomers of tert-butyl peroxides.
There are several isomers with different arrangements of tert-butyl groups around the peroxide oxygen atom.
Some other common isomers include mono-tert-butyl peroxide and tert-butyl hydroperoxide.
In addition to its use as an initiator for polymerization, Di-tert butyl peroxide is used in the cross-linking of elastomers (rubber-like materials).
Cross-linking enhances the mechanical properties, such as strength and resilience, of elastomers.
When handling Di-tert butyl peroxide, it is essential to refer to its safety data sheet (SDS) for specific information on its hazards, safety precautions, and first aid measures in case of accidents.
The transportation and storage of Di-tert butyl peroxides are regulated due to its flammability and potential hazards.
Di-tert butyl peroxide should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated area, away from heat sources, flames, and incompatible materials.
Special containers designed for peroxide storage may be used.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is incompatible with various substances, including reducing agents, acids, and some metals.
Mixing it with incompatible materials can lead to dangerous reactions, including fires or explosions.
Proper disposal methods for Di-tert butyl peroxide and its waste should follow local, state, and federal regulations.
Often, peroxides are deactivated and disposed of through controlled chemical processes or by professional waste disposal services.
The development of new peroxide initiators and improved methods for polymerization is an ongoing area of research in the field of materials science and polymer chemistry.
The explosive instability of the lower dialkyl peroxides (e.g., dimethyl peroxide) and Di-tert butyl peroxide decreases rapidly with increasing chain length and degree of branching, the di-tert-alkyl derivatives being amongst the most stable class of peroxides.
Though many 1,1-bis-peroxides have been reported, few have been purified because of the higher explosion hazards compared with the monofunctional peroxides.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is unlikely that this derivative would be particularly unstable compared to other peroxides in it's class, Bretherick 1979v.
Di-tert butyl peroxide initiates polymerization through a free radical mechanism.
When heated or exposed to specific conditions, it undergoes homolytic cleavage, breaking the oxygen-oxygen bond.
This results in the formation of two alkoxyl (RO•) and two alkyl (R•) radicals.
These radicals can initiate the polymerization of unsaturated monomers by abstracting hydrogen atoms from the monomers and forming covalent bonds.
This process continues, leading to the growth of polymer chains.
The stability and shelf-life of Di-tert butyl peroxide can vary depending on storage conditions, including temperature, light exposure, and presence of impurities.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is important to monitor and control these factors to ensure its effectiveness as a polymerization initiator.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is used in the production of various types of polymers, including polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene.
Di-tert butyl peroxides ability to initiate polymerization at specific sites on monomers contributes to the development of unique polymer structures.
Due to its potential for thermal decomposition, Di-tert butyl peroxide poses safety risks.
In addition to its flammability, it can lead to the generation of hazardous decomposition products.
Handling and storage should comply with safety regulations, and personal protective equipment (PPE) should be used when working with this compound.
Efforts have been made to recycle Di-tert butyl peroxide and other peroxides in some industrial processes to reduce waste.
Regeneration involves treating waste peroxides to recover their useful compounds while minimizing environmental impact.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is a commonly used initiator in polymerization, there are alternative initiators and methods available for specific applications.
The choice of initiator depends on factors like reaction conditions, desired polymer properties, and safety considerations.
Di-tert butyl peroxide typically perform quality control tests to ensure the compound's purity and consistency.
Impurities in the peroxide can affect its performance as an initiator.
Uses Of Di-tert butyl peroxide:
Di-tert butyl peroxide is used especially in extrusion processes ( RAM-Extrusion for pressure pipes).
Di-tert butyl peroxide has been used as a radical initiator to induce free radical polymerization.
Di-tert butyl peroxide has also been used as a cetane enhancer in a study to determine the phase behavior of carboxylate-based extended surfactant reverse micellar microemulsions with ethanol and vegetable oil/diesel blends.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is commonly used to initiate the polymerization of various monomers, leading to the formation of polymers.
Di-tert butyl peroxide plays a crucial role in the production of plastics, rubber, and elastomers.
Some specific applications include the production of polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene.
In addition to initiating polymerization, Di-tert butyl peroxide is used to cross-link elastomers (such as natural rubber and synthetic rubber).
Cross-linking improves the mechanical properties of these materials, making them more durable and heat-resistant.
This is especially important in the manufacturing of tires and other rubber products.
Di-tert butyl peroxide can be used in chemical synthesis to introduce peroxide groups into organic compounds or to oxidize certain functional groups.
This has applications in the preparation of specific chemical intermediates.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is used in the production of adhesives and sealants to initiate the polymerization of the adhesive, allowing it to bond to various surfaces effectively.
Di-tert butyl peroxide can be used in the curing of resins and composites.
It initiates the curing process, leading to the formation of a hardened, durable material.
Di-tert butyl peroxide can be used to initiate oxidative reactions.
For example, it can be employed to initiate the formation of organic peracids.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is used in the manufacturing of various plastic products.
Di-tert butyl peroxide can initiate the polymerization of monomers like styrene and vinyl chloride, leading to the production of thermoplastic polymers used in a wide range of applications, including packaging materials, toys, and automotive components.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is employed in the production of composite materials.
Di-tert butyl peroxide helps initiate the polymerization of the resin matrix in composite materials, enabling the reinforcement fibers (such as fiberglass or carbon fiber) to bond with the matrix.
This results in lightweight, strong, and durable composite materials used in aerospace, automotive, and construction industries.
In the production of foam materials, such as expanded polystyrene (EPS) or polyurethane foam, Di-tert butyl peroxide is used as a blowing agent.
When Di-tert butyl peroxide decomposes, it releases gases, creating a foaming effect, which expands and solidifies the foam material.
Di-tert butyl peroxide can be found in the formulations of adhesives and sealants, where it helps initiate the curing or polymerization process, allowing these materials to bond to surfaces effectively.
Di-tert butyl peroxide's used in both industrial and consumer applications.
In addition to cross-linking elastomers, Di-tert butyl peroxide is used in the production of various rubber products, including tires, hoses, and gaskets.
Cross-linking enhances the mechanical properties and resilience of rubber materials.
Di-tert butyl peroxide can be employed in the textile industry to initiate polymerization reactions for fabric treatments.
Di-tert butyl peroxide's also used in the formulation of coatings for surfaces, such as paints and varnishes.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is used in chemical research and development for its radical-initiating properties.
Di-tert butyl peroxide can be a valuable tool for scientists working on the synthesis of new materials, compounds, or chemical reactions.
In some cases, Di-tert butyl peroxide may find applications in the development of certain medical devices or pharmaceutical products, where it contributes to the polymerization or cross-linking of specific materials.
Di-tert butyl peroxide can be used in water treatment processes to initiate oxidation reactions, breaking down contaminants and pollutants in wastewater.
The decomposition reaction proceeds via the generation of methyl radicals.
The peroxide bond undergoes homolysis at temperatures above 100 °C.
Hence Di-tert butyl peroxide is commonly used as a radical initiator in organic synthesis and polymer chemistry.
Di-tert butyl peroxide can in principle be used in engines where oxygen is limited, since the molecule supplies both the oxidizer and the fuel.
Di-tert butyl peroxide has been used as a radical initiator to induce free radical polymerization.
Di-tert butyl peroxide has also been used as a cetane enhancer in a study to determine the phase behavior of carboxylate-based extended surfactant reverse micellar microemulsions with ethanol and vegetable oil/diesel blends.
Di-tert butyl peroxide can be used for the market segments: polymer production, polymer crosslinking and acrylics production with their different applications/functions.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is used in the following products: polymers.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is used for the manufacture of: plastic products and chemicals.
Release to the environment of Di-tert butyl peroxide can occur from industrial use: as processing aid and as processing aid.
A peroxidic crosslinking agent for polyethylene (HDPE and LDPE).
At below 150°C no premature crosslinking (scorch) occurs.
Usage level: 0.5-2% w/w of product as supplied on the material to be crosslinked.
Volatile, odour free decomposition products, and no blooming of the vulcanisate surface.
The high volatility of the product demands that closed systems are applied during compounding and diffusion processes with polyethylene powder.
Storage Of Di-tert butyl peroxide:
Store in a cool and well-ventilated areaisolated from easily oxidizable materials.
Protect against physical damage.
Shippingcontainers are amber glass and polyethylenebottles or steel drums not exceeding 100-lbcapacity.
Health Hazard Of Di-tert butyl peroxide:
Di-tert butyl peroxide is slightly toxic by inhalation andin general exhibits low to very low toxicityby other routes.
However, toxic effectsare observed only at very high concentrations.Rats exposed to 4103-ppm vapor developedhead and neck tremor after 10 minutesof exposure.
Other symptoms were weakness, hyperactivity,and labored breathing.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is nonirritating to the skin and mildon the eyes.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is reported to cause lungand blood tumors in mice.
However, its carcinogenicity is not yet fullyestablished.
Fire Hazard Of Di-tert butyl peroxide:
Highly flammable and reactive; flash point 18°C (64.4°F); vapor pressure 19.5 torr at 20°C (68°F); vapor density 5.03.
Di-tert butyl peroxides decomposition products are ethane and acetone, which enhance the fire hazard.
Di-tert butyl peroxide use a water spray to fight fire and to keep the containers cool.
Di-tert butyl peroxide forms an explosive mixture with air. The explosive range is not reported.
Di-tert butyl peroxides decomposition products may explode above its boiling point, 111°C (231.8°F).
However, as it is thermally stable and shock insensitive, its explosion hazard is much lower.
Di-tert butyl peroxide may, however, react with explosive violence when in contact with easily oxidizable substances.
