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Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether is used as a solvent for reactions performed at higher temperatures. Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether is involved in the preparation of nitrocellulose, resins and adhesives. Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether is utilized as a scrubbing medium to absorb carbonyl sulfide (COS), an impurity in petroleum refineries.
CAS Number: 112-36-7
SYNONYM:
DIETHYLENE GLYCOL DIETHYL ETHER, 2-ethoxyethyl ether, diethyl carbitol, Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether , 1-ethoxy-2-2-ethoxyethoxy ethane, bis 2-ethoxyethyl ether, diethyldiethylene glycol, 3,6,9-trioxaundecane, degdee, ether, bis 2-ethoxyethyl
Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether is called Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether again, is one of important derivatives of ethylene glycol and Diethylene Glycol.Existing typical ehter bond has the alkyl of low-carbon (LC)---methyl and ethyl again in the molecular structure of diethylene glycol ethylmethyl ether; There is not strong polar oh group in the glycol molecule structure again in the basic structure that had both had ethylene glycol.These constructional features make Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether not only to some small molecules organic compound (as alcohol, ether, aldehyde, ketone, aromatic hydrocarbons, halohydrocarbon, alkane etc.) extraordinary dissolving power be arranged, and to the relatively large organic compound of some carbon numbers even macromolecular organic compound reasonable dissolving dispersive ability is also arranged; Simultaneously Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether also has good dissolving ability to some micromolecular mineral compound (as the oxide compound of alkali-metal oxyhydroxide, tin etc.).
The solvent that all these characteristics make Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether not only can be used as excellent property is used for the production of multiple Chemicals, and has a wide range of applications in the production of the recycling of the production of products such as speciality coating such as high-performance clean-out system, radiosensitive extraordinary resin, electrically conducting coating and waste polymer and photosensitivity printing drawing board, the field of surface treatment printed with production, mechanical means and the printed circuit board (PCB) of extraordinary ink.Report according to document, at present the basic production method of Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether mainly comprises following several, is raw material with TC (being also referred to as diethylene glycol monoethyl ether) and methyl alcohol, in the presence of the catalyzer (as the vitriol oil, heteropolyacid, macropore cation resin etc.) by TC and methanol molecules between dehydration method prepare; be raw material with diethylene glycol monomethyl ether and ethanol, in the presence of the catalyzer (as the vitriol oil, heteropolyacid, macropore cation resin etc.) by diethylene glycol monomethyl ether and ethanol molecule between dehydration method preparation, be raw material with TC and methyl-sulfate, in the presence of alkali, prepare by the method for methyl-sulfate to the methylation of TC; be raw material with TC and methylcarbonate.
In the presence of alkali, prepare by the method for methylcarbonate to the methylation of TC; with the TC be basic raw material, earlier itself and active basic metal (as sodium, potassium etc.) reaction are generated sodium alkoxide or potassium alcoholate, carry out Williamson ether condensation reaction (Williamson's reaction) with the sodium alkoxide that generates or potassium alcoholate and halomethane (as methyl chloride, monobromethane, methyl iodide etc.) again and prepare; with the diethylene glycol monomethyl ether be basic raw material, earlier itself and active basic metal (as sodium, potassium etc.) reaction are generated sodium alkoxide or potassium alcoholate, carry out Williamson ether condensation reaction (Williamson's reaction) preparation with sodium alkoxide that generates and halogen ethane (as monochloroethane, monobromethane etc.) again; be basic raw material with diethylene glycol monoethyl ether and alkali metal hydroxide, at first refluxing under the certain reaction temperature in the presence of band such as benzene, toluene aqua and fractionation generates sodium alkoxide or potassium alcoholate, is that the Williamson ether condensation reaction (Williamson's reaction) that raw material passes through to take place between Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether and halomethane prepares with the sodium alkoxide that generates or potassium alcoholate again; be basic raw material with diethylene glycol monomethyl ether and alkali metal hydroxide, at first refluxing under the certain reaction temperature in the presence of band such as benzene, toluene aqua and fractionation generates sodium alkoxide or potassium alcoholate, is that the Williamson ether condensation reaction (Williamson's reaction) that raw material passes through to take place between Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether and halogen ethane prepares with the sodium alkoxide that generates or potassium alcoholate again.
They are, in these production methods are owing to be similar to and prepare mixed ether by the intermolecular dehydration method of alcohol with different alcohol in the presence of catalyzer and prepare diethylene glycol ethylmethyl ether, thereby not only the yield of product is lower, and the selectivity of product is also poor; In the method since the basic raw material methyl-sulfate that uses the brush poison is arranged and in the presence of water, also can partial hydrolysis generate sulfuric acid, thereby to the requirement of production unit than higher, and in process of production also relatively seriously to the corrosion of equipment; Higher and reaction needs to carry out under a higher relatively temperature because of employed basic raw material methylcarbonate price in the method , thereby not only production cost of products is higher but also selectivity product is low, Make the Diethylene Glycol production cost of products also than higher because of the active alkali-metal price height of basic raw material that uses in method and ; Need in method and under refluxad to take the water that generates out of reaction system by the band aqua when the first step is reacted, this not only makes the energy consumption of reaction higher, and has the recycling problem of band aqua.
Combine in the present invention existing about Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether production and when preparation the whole bag of tricks characteristics, and utilize the condensation reaction of Williamson ether to have the characteristics of highly selective when the synthetic mixed ether by technological improvement to existing preparation method, be that basic raw material has prepared and has CH with diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, alkali metal hydroxide, alkaline carbonate, halomethane 3OCH 2CH 2OCH 2CH 2OCH 2CH 3The Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether product that structural formula is represented.
In the building-up process of diethylene glycol ethylmethyl ether, contacted the preparation of a lot of relevant ethers, the technical information of character and application facet, wherein the present invention there be mainly comprising of certain reference value: " phase-transfer catalysis is synthesized dibutyl ethylene glycol ether " (Hebei chemical industry, 1990, No4), " the polyoxyethylene glycol phase-transfer catalysis is synthesized monocycle oxygen propyl ether " (chemical reagent, 1990, Vol 12, No3), " glycol ether and ethanol is synthetic Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether in the presence of heteropolyacid salt catalyst " (East China University of Science's journal, 1995, Vol 21, No5), " Study of Synthetic Diethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether " (Yunnan University's journal.Natural science edition, 1997, Vol 19, No4), " the synthetic and application of glycol ether diglycidylether " (Hubei chemical industry 1994, Vol 11, No1), " preparation of diethylene glycol monobutyl ether " (Jiangsu chemical industry, 1998, Vol 26, No2), " Decarboxylation of alkyl carbonate to alkyl ether " (BE92-930,1992-1028), " Preparation of (poly) ethylene glycol diether from the correspondingmonoethers and carbonate esters " (JP 09227435A2,1997-09-02), " Preparation of photosensitivelithographic plates using dithylene diethylene glycol dimethyl ether-based coating solvent " (JP03141355A2,1991-06-17), " Detergent compositions for screen printing plates " (JP1007426A2,1998-03-24), " Agents for dissolving and removing tin oxides from apparatus forplating or peeling of tin and tin alloys " (JP 1995-149765,1995-05-25), " PVC dissolving agents andtreatment of PVC therewith " (JP 1999-103629,1999-04-12), " Radiation-sensitive resin compositionfor the partition formation of color filter " (JP 11281815A2,1999-10-15), " Ink compositionscontaining pyrrolidinedione or piperidinedione for ink-jet printing " (JP2003003096A2,2003-07-08), " synthetic method of dialkyl capped polyether " (CN 1276391A, 2000-12-13), " synthetic method of methyl or ethyl capping polether " (CN 1311265A, 2001-09-05), " production of triethylene glycol methyl ether and environmental issue " (Speciality Petrochemicals, 1998, No6), " progress of glycol ether production technology " (petrochemical complex, 1999, Vol 28, No3), " Fine Organic Chemical product technical manual " (Chemical Industry Press, 1991).
The preparation method's of related Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether purpose mainly is for by being basic raw material with diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide and/or yellow soda ash and/or salt of wormwood and halomethane among the present invention, and can generate diethylene glycol monoethyl ether sodium and/or diethylene glycol monoethyl ether potassium and sodium alkoxide and/or potassium alcoholate with sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide and/or yellow soda ash and/or salt of wormwood reaction under certain condition by means of diethylene glycol monoethyl ether can carry out the condensation reaction of Williamson ether to generate Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether with halomethane.When preparing diethylene glycol monoethyl ether sodium and/or diethylene glycol monoethyl ether potassium by diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, by in reaction mass, feeding N 2Realize protection on the one hand, on the other hand the N by going into again to reaction 2Take the water that generates in the reaction out of to promote the generation of diethylene glycol monoethyl ether sodium and/or diethylene glycol monoethyl ether potassium.When carrying out the condensation reaction of Williamson ether, pass through the feeding speed or the adding speed of control halomethane and stirring and feeding N 2Reach the abundant contact of realization response material under the bubbling condition; By being handled with methyl alcohol, the filter residue that obtains in the reaction reclaimed the Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether product that is present in wherein.
Application through above a series of control methods and treatment process, the manufacturing cost of Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether is reduced, reduced in general synthetic Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether method because of using strong acid as catalyzer and in reaction process, can produce the corrosion that the raw material of acidic substance brings production unit, the potential hazard that when having reduced in the general production method of Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether because of the methyl-sulfate that uses severe toxicity to raw material simultaneously the production operation personnel has been brought and to the high request of production unit has improved utilization ratio and the selectivity of reaction and the yield of Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether of basic raw material diethylene glycol monoethyl ether in the Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether production process.Clean contam Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether is one kind of polyhydric alcohol ether as high boiling point organic solvent in fine organic chemical industry.
Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether is prepared with Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether and alkali mixture of NaOH, KOH, Na2CO3 and K2CO3 as material through reaction of 1-7 hr while introducing N2 and at 30-120 deg.c to produce sodium alcoholate and/or potassium alcoholate; Williamson reaction between sodium alcoholate and/or potassium alcoholate and halogenomethane at 30-110 deg.c for 0.5-6.0 hr and ageing for 0.5-5 hr; separating reacted material to obtain Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether mother liquid and filter residue containing Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether ; soaking the filter residue in methanol, washing and separation to obtain methanol solution of Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether ; and rectifying the mother liquid and the methanol solution to obtain Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether product while recovering methanol. inated objects and areas thoroughly observing environmental regulations Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether may be used as a solvent in the following processes: Synthesis of 3,5-dinitrobenzaldehyde via reduction of 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride using lithium aluminum tri-tert-butoxyhydride, Copper-catalyzed cross-coupling of iodoarenes with 4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trimethylsilyloxy)ethyl]morpholine to form the corresponding trifluoromethyl arenes, Conversion of olefins (for eg: (±)-α-pinene) to primary amines (3-pinanamine) via hydroboration-amination reaction. The present invention provides a method of producing glycol ethers, which are also commonly known as glymes.
The method according to the invention includes contacting a glycol with a monohydric alcohol in the presence of a polyperfluorosulfonic acid resin catalyst under conditions effective to produce the glyme. The method of the invention can be used to produce, for example, monoglyme, ethyl glyme, diglyme, Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether , triglyme, butyl diglyme, tetraglyme, and their respective corresponding monoalkyl ethers. The present invention also provides a method of producing 1,4-dioxane from mono- or diethylene glycol and tetrahydrofuran from 1,4-butanediol.
IUPAC NAME:
Bis(2-ethoxyethyl) ether ; Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis(2-ethoxy- ; Ether, bis(2-ethoxyethyl) ; 1-Ethoxy-2-(beta-ethoxyethoxy)ethane ; 2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)-1-ethoxyethane ; 3,6,9-Trioxaundecane
TRADE NAME:
BRN 1699259; DEGDEE; EC 203-963-7; EINECS 203-963-7; HSDB 68; UNII-ZH086O935Z
OTHER NAME:
2126734-27-6 ; 4669-26-5 ; 111-46-6 ; 188132-64-1; 477567-86-5
Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether and ethanol react in accordance with the method of the invention to produce Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether . These two reactants also produce diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, which is also known as “Ethyl CARBITOL”. Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether is used as a solvent in organic reactions due to its stability towards higher pH and its high boiling point. Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether is particularly involved in reactions utilizing organometallic reagents such as Grignard reactions and metal hydride reductions. Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether is also a solvent for hydroboration reactions with diborane. Miscible with water, ethanol, acetone, acetic acid, glycerine, pyridine and aldehydes. Slightly miscible with ether. Hygroscopic. Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 to < 1 000 tonnes per annum. Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether is used in articles, in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Release to the environment of Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, formulation of mixtures, in processing aids at industrial sites and as processing aid. Other release to the environment of Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether is likely to occur from: indoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials). Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles. Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether can be found in products with material based on: plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones). Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals and polymers. Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals, pharmaceuticals and polymers. Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging and scientific research and development. Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, plastic products and electrical, electronic and optical equipment.
Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether (DGDE) was evaluated for developmental toxicity in timed-pregnant CD-l mice. Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether was administered daily in distilled water by gavage at 0, 300, 1,500, 3,000 and 4,500 mg/kg on gestational days (gd) 6 through 15. Maternal toxicity was evident in dams exposed to Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether at doses greater than or equal to 1,500 mg/kg/day . CNS function was highly sensitive to treatment as evidenced by ataxia, coma and lethargy in a majority of the dams dosed. The incidence of major malformations was low in all groups and was dose independent. The 1,500 mg/kg/day dose was a no observed effect level (NOEL) for developmental toxicity. In conclusion, development of the CD-1 mouse is not sensitive to Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether administered by gavage at maternally nontoxic doses. A NOEL for Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether -induced developmental toxicity was 1,500 mg/kg/day, a dose which produced maternal CNS lethality (8.6%). The lowest dose given, 300 mg/kg/day, represented a NOEL for Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether -induced maternal toxicity.
Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether (DGDE) was evaluated for developmental toxicity in artificially inseminated, New Zealand White rabbits. Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether was dissolved in distilled water to provide doses of 0, 50, 200 and 400 mg/kg, and subsequently administered daily by gavage from gestational days (gd) 6 through 19. Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether treatment did not adversely influence maternal viability. The only exception was that one of the 27 confirmed pregnant dams (3.7%) in the 400 mg/kg group died on gd 15. Necropsy of that animal indicated that its death was related to Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether exposure. The pregnancy incidence was similar across dose groups and ranged from 85.7% to 88.6%. Clinical signs of toxicity were observed during treatment with the greatest occurrence in the high dose group. Ataxia, coma, dyspnea and postdosing vocalization predominated at 400 mg Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether /kg/day. Weight loss (greater than or equal to 150 g/day) occurred in both the control and treated animals. Maternal body weight was similar among dose groups on gd 0 as well as throughout the treatment and post-treatment periods. When weight gain was compared, however, dams exposed to 400 mg Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether /kg had significantly lower weight gain than controls during the treatment period. Liver and gravid uterine weights did not differ among dose groups. There was no effect of treatment on embryo viability.
The incidences of resorptions and fetal deaths were similar among the treatment groups. In addition, the number of live fetuses per litter and average fetal body weight per litter (both sexes) were not affected by Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether treatment. Nonetheless. when fetal body weights were analyzed by sex, female weight manifested a significant decreasing trend which was related to the statistically nonsignificant, weight reduction in the 400 mg/kg/day dose group, In addition, embryo/fetal morphogenesis was not observably altered by Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether treatment, based on the findings of external, visceral and skeletal examinations of gd 30 fetuses. In conclusion, embryonic and fetal development of the NZW rabbit was not sensitive to Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether as tested in the present study at maternally toxic doses. Although clearcut developmental effects were not identified for Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether , the significant decreasing trend in body weight of female fetuses at 400 mg/kg/day is marginal evidence of Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether -induced developmental toxicity. Since maternal toxicity was also observed at the high dose, the 200 mg/kg/day dose represents a no observed effect level (NOEL) for both Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether induced developmental and maternal toxicities. An oral teratogenicity was conducted with 50 pregnant Charles River (CD-1) mice administered Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether (bis(2-ethoxyethyl) ether) by oral gavage at a dose level of 3000 mg/kg body weight on gestation days 7 to 14. The dose level chosen was the LD10 calculated from a previous range finding study. Mortality not was observed. Fetal toxicity was evident by statistical differences in number of dead pups per litter, and reduced pup birth weight (by analysis of variance). No significant changes were observed in number of pups per litter, percent pup postnatal survival, and pup weight gain over days 1-3 post partum. Of the pregnant mice, 95 percent of litters were viable. Gross necropsy observations were not reported.
Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether 's production and use as a high boiling reaction medium, and as a solvent for nitrocellulose, lacquers, resins, and organic syntheses may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 0.52 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 14 hours. If released to soil, Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 39. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.1X10-7 atm-cu m/mole. Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Biodegradation of Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether is not expected to be an important fate process in soil or water based on biodegradation studies conducted with sewage seed. If released into water, Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.
Occupational exposure to Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of drinking water, and dermal contact with this compound and other products containing Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether . Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether 's production and use as a high boiling reaction medium, and as a solvent for nitrocellulose, lacquers, resins, and organic syntheses may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).
Based on a classification scheme, an estimated Koc value of 39(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.39 and a regression-derived equation, indicates that Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.1X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether is vapor pressure, 0.52 mm Hg, and water solubility, 1X10+6 mg/L. Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether may volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure. Biodegradation of Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether is not expected to be an important fate process in soil based on biodegradation studies conducted with sewage seed. Based on a classification scheme, an estimated Koc value of 39(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.39 and a regression-derived equation, indicates that Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC).
Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.1X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 0.52 mm Hg, and water solubility, 1X10+6 mg/L. According to a classification scheme, an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow and a regression-derived equation, suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation of Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether is not expected to be an important fate process in water based on biodegradation studies conducted with sewage seed. According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere, Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether , which has a vapor pressure of 0.52 mm Hg at 25 °C, is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 14 hours(SRC), calculated from Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether is rate constant of 2.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C. An aerobic biodegradation study using gram-negative asporogenous rod bacterium isolated from soil by enrichment on triethylene glycol exhibited borderline growth (scarcely detectable growth, not reproducible) with Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether . In a screening study using a sewage seed, Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether (concentration not specified) had a 10 day BOD of 0.10 g/g (4.2% theoretical BOD) at 20 °C. Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether had a 21.7% COD removal at 30 °C from a starting concentration of 600 mg COD/L (time period not given) indicating little degradation compared to 95% degradation of ethylene glycol monophenyl ether.
The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 2.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C. This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 14 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(SRC). The rate constant for the reaction between photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals in water and Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether is 3.2X10+9 L/mole-sec; assuming that the concentration of hydroxyl radicals in brightly sunlit natural water is 1X10-17 M, the half-life would be about 250 days. An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether (SRC), using a log Kow of 0.39 and a regression-derived equation. According to a classification scheme, this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).The Koc of Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether is estimated as 39(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.39 and a regression-derived equation. According to a classification scheme, this estimated Koc value suggests that Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether is expected to have very high mobility in soil.
The Henry's Law constant for Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether is estimated as 1.1X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 0.52 mm Hg, and water solubility, 1X10+6 mg/L. This Henry's Law constant indicates that Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces. Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether 's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may not occur(SRC). Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether may volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure. Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether has been qualitatively identified in drinking water. Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether was qualitatively detected in drinking water from Cincinnati, Ohio. Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether has been qualitatively identified in ground water from the Hipps Road Landfill in Jacksonville, FL. Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether has been qualitatively identified in trench leachates from Maxey Flats and West Valley low-level radioactive waste disposal sites.
Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether has been qualitatively identified in advanced waste treatment water from Lake Tahoe, CA, Pomona, CA, and Blue Plains, Washington, DC. Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether was tested from a light duty truck using different fuel types; diesel mixed with Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether : cold start 79 ug/cu m, hot start 52 ug/cu m; diesel fuel: cold start 23 ug/cu m, hot start 25 ug/cu m; diesel fuel mixed with diethylene glycol dimethyl ether: cold start 7.7 ug/cu m, hot start 7.3 ug/cu m; diesel fuel mixed with 2-ethylhexyl nitrate: not detected for cold and hot start. Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether , also called diethylene glycol di-n-butyl ether, is a polar aprotic solvent with excellent thermal and chemical stability. Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether , or glycol diethers, are a widely used family of saturated polyethers for increasing anion reactivity in a given system, thus affecting selectivity and reaction rates. Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether is one of the heavier ethylene oxide based Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether available commercially.
Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether , or glymes, are aprotic, saturated polyethers that offer high solvency, high stability in strong bases and moderate stability in acid solutions. Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether efficiently solvate cations, increasing anion reactivity, and thus can increase both selectivity and reaction rates. Most Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether are water-soluble, but a range of solubility and boiling points are available. The polyether structure produces only weak associations between glyme molecules, and is responsible for the low viscosity and excellent wetting properties of these solvents. A further structural feature of Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether that contributes significantly to their usefulness involves the arrangement of oxygen atoms, as ether linkages, at two-carbon intervals. The model of the Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether molecule (picture above) illustrates this periodic recurrence of oxygen atoms separated by two carbon atoms. This steric arrangement, analogous to that of crown ethers, gives Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether the ability to form complexes with many cations. Glycol diethers have a wide range of solubilities and boiling points. They are used as reaction solvents and in closed loop applications such as gas scrubbing and in refrigeration systems. The higher molecular weight Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether beginning with Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether are suitable for emissive applications such as coatings, inks, adhesives and in cleaning compounds.
The lower molecular weight Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether should not be used in emissive applications due to their reproductive toxicity. Pharma and fine chemicals synthesis of Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether Due to their high stability and solvency, Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether are widely used as reaction media for processes involving alkali metal hydroxides, sodium hydride, and alkali metals. Grignard reaction yields can be increased and purification costs reduced by using Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether as reaction solvents. Sodium borohydride at high temperature can be substituted for lithium aluminum hydride in some reductions. Carried out in Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether sodium aluminum hydride can be prepared directly from the elements in Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether . Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether is the solvent of choice when preparing aryl sulfides via use of sodium tetrafluoroborate as a catalyst. Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether is also a key to the efficient synthesis of the anti-AIDS drug Nevirapine. Preparation of urethanes, hydrogenations, condensations, oxidations, olefin insertions, oligomerizations of olefins, and addition reactions can be carried out in Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether as reaction medium. Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether are also useful as solubilizing agents, extractants and selective solvents. Methoxyacetaldehyde dimethylacetal can be prepared by electrochemical oxidation in Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether . Aspartame was prepared by enzymatic catalysis in triglyme-water medium.
Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether are useful in formulating rigid polyurethane foams with improved fluidity during molding and with improved bonding strength. The viscosity of polyols useful in the manufacture of polyurethanes can be reduced by means of Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether without adversely affecting physical properties. Polyurethane coatings used to form pinhole-free films with good adhesive strength, applicable to electrical and electronic parts, utilize Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether . Isocyanates are processed and formulated using Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether to yield isocyanurate and polyisocyanate prepolymers used in various polyurethane applications. Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether is a selective solvent for the extraction of gold from hydrochloric acid solutions containing other metals. Treatment of the extract with a reducing agent such as oxalic acid reduces the trivalent gold to gold powder. Toxicity of lower Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether Monoglyme, Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether and ethyl glyme are only suitable for use in enclosed applications such as reaction solvents as they are recognized reproductive toxins. Higher Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether s, such as Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether , Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether , tetraglyme, polyglyme and higlyme have lower acute and reproductive toxicity and are considered suitable for use in emissive applications.
Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether is most commonly utilized as a high-performance solvent for both laboratory and industrial applications. Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether effectively solvates digital inks and decorative ceramic inks, since Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether is stable enough to withstand the high temperatures of these applications. Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether is also commonly used on small scales as an extraction solvent for gold from hydrochloric acid media, a process which results in an extremely high concentration of pure gold metal. Glycol ethers, with the combination of ether, alcohol and hydrocarbon chain in one molecule, provide versatile solvency characteristics with both polar and non-polar properties. The chemical structure of long hydrocarbon chain resist to solubility in water, while ether or alcohol groups introduce the promoted hydrophilic solubility performance. This surfactant-like structure provides the compatibility between water and a number of organic solvents, and the ability to couple unlike phases. Glycol ethers are characterized by their wide range of hydrophilic/hydrophobic balances. glycol ethers are used as diluents and levelling agents in the manufacture of paints and baking finishes. Glycol ether series are used in the manufacture of nitrocellulose and combination lacquers. They are used as an additive in brake fluid.
They are formulated for dying textiles and leathers and for insecticides and herbicides. They provides performance in cleaners products with oil-water dispersions. They are used in printing industries as they have a slow evaporation rate. They are used as a fixative for perfumes, germicides, bactericides, insect repellents and antiseptic. They are used as an additive for jet fuel to prevent ice buildup. Thje term of cellosolve refers to Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether or a group of glycol ether solvent as below.
The preparation process of Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether mainly comprises following components: diethylene glycol monoethyl ether with by sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide and/or yellow soda ash and/or salt of wormwood by certain mass than the solid caustic soda component that is made at logical N 2Condition under carry out sodium alkoxide and/or potassium alcoholate reaction and generate diethylene glycol monoethyl ether sodium and/or diethylene glycol monoethyl ether potassium; sodium and/or potassium alcoholate reaction generation diethylene glycol monoethyl ether sodium and/or diethylene glycol monoethyl ether potassium and halomethane carry out the mixture that Williamson ether condensation reaction generation includes diethylene glycol ethylmethyl ether; filter residue that the mixture that contains Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether that obtains after the etherificate obtains including the mother liquor of Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether and is inclusive with a small amount of Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether by centrifugal or filtering method; filter residue that is inclusive with a small amount of Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether with methyl alcohol soak, centrifugal again or filter methanol solution and sodium-chlor and/or the Repone K filter residue that obtains containing Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether after the washing; carrying out rectifying again after Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether mother liquor and the methanol solution that contains Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether are merged obtains the Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether product and reclaims methyl alcohol.
The preparation technology of Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether and related process parameter are that the diethylene glycol monoethyl ether of 80-100% is that the raw material typical case is exemplified below with the 100kg mass content: 100kg mass content is that the diethylene glycol monoethyl ether product of 80-100% joins in the reactor of strap clamp cover and/or coil pipe heating unit and whipping appts, under agitation adds 50-200kg by mass ratio m (NaOH): m (KOH): m (Na in batches 2CO 3): m (K 2CO 3The composite solid caustic soda component that forms of)=0.5-1.0: 0-0.5: 0-0.7: 0-0.4, heating makes the temperature of reaction mass rise to 30-120 ℃ under the condition that feeds N2, and reacts 1.0-7.
0h down to finish sodium alkoxide and/or potassium alcoholate reaction at 30-120 ℃; continuing to feed N 2Condition under adjust reaction mass temperature be feeding methyl chloride and/or dripping bromine methane and/or methyl iodide in 30-110 ℃ and the material that obtains after sodium alkoxide and/or the potassium alcoholate reaction, the feeding speed of control methyl chloride and/or the rate of addition of monobromethane and/or methyl iodide, methyl chloride and/or monobromethane and/or methyl iodide are added in 0.5-6.0h, the add-on of methyl chloride and/or monobromethane and/or methyl iodide is pressed m (halomethane): m (diethylene glycol monoethyl ether)=0.3-1.5: 1 adds, and the formation of halomethane is pressed m (methyl chloride): m (monobromethane): m (methyl iodide)=0-1: 0-1: 0-1; reaction mass that adds be over methyl chloride and/or monobromethane and/or methyl iodide is proceeded aging reaction 0.5-5.0h under 30-110 ℃; reaction mass after aging separates the filter residue that obtains including the mother liquor of Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether and be inclusive with a small amount of Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether by centrifugal or filtering method; filter residue that will be inclusive with a small amount of Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether with methyl alcohol soak, centrifugal again or filter after the washing to obtain containing methanol solution and the sodium-chlor and/or the potassium oxide filter residue of diethylene glycol ethylmethyl ether, the consumption of methyl alcohol is undertaken by m (methyl alcohol): m (filter residue)=2.0-10.0: 0.5-5.0; carry out rectifying again after Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether mother liquor and the methanol solution that contains Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether are merged, collect corresponding fraction to reclaim methyl alcohol, collect corresponding fraction to obtain the Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether product at 166-180 ℃ at 50-70 ℃; The mass content of Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether is greater than 95-99.5% (mass ratio) in the Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether product that obtains, and water content is less than 0.1-0.5% (mass ratio).
Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether is used as a mixed solvent of oil and water for printing and dyeing of nitric acid fibers and woolen fabrics, as well as an extractant of uranium ore, and as a reaction medium with high boiling point. ; Used as an organic synthetic solvent, a nitrospray paint component for brushing, a leveller for fibers and leather, a leveller for photographic printing, etc ; .High boiling point reaction medium. Solvent. The stationary phase of gas chromatography (the highest temperature is 30 C, the solvent is ethyl ether) is similar to that of PEG.
