DIMETHYL UREA

DIMETHYL UREA

CAS NO: 96-31-1
EC NO: 202-498-7

SYNONYMS:

Dimethyl Urea; DMU; 1,3; N,N'-dimethylurea; sym-dimethylurea; symmetric dimethylurea; 1,3 Dimethyl urea; 1,3-dimethylurea; 1,1-DIMETHYLUREA; N,N-Dimethylurea; 598-94-7; Urea, N,N-dimethyl-; asym-Dimethylurea; Urea, dimethyl-; Urea, 1,1-dimethyl-; 1,1-Dimethyl urea; 1320-50-9; N,N-Dimethylharnstoff [German]; UNII-I988R763P3; HSDB 4273; EINECS 209-957-0; NSC 33603; BRN 1740666; AI3-61297; MFCD00007959; I988R763P3; 1,1-Dimethylurea, 98+%; N,N-Dimethylharnstoff; 1.1-Dimethylurea; EINECS 215-303-5; 1,1-dimethyl-urea; amino-N,N-dimethylamide; ACMC-1BPHP; 1,1-Dimethylurea, 99%; (CH3)2NCONH2; KSC176Q9B; DTXSID0060515; CTK0H6890; 1,1-Dimethylurea ; 598-94-7; KS-000010UI; NSC33603; STR03134; ZINC1665828; ANW-33389; NSC-33603; SBB008301; STL482999; AKOS000200400; NE10536; R890; DB-053491; LS-159937; BB 0311004; CS-0132397; D0809; FT-0606140; NS00021239; EN300-17007; D-5580; A832531; Q24712449; Urea, N,N'-dimethyl; 1,3-DIMETHYLUREA; N,N'-Dimethylurea; 96-31-1; sym-Dimethylurea; Urea, N,N'-dimethyl-; Symmetric dimethylurea; Urea, 1,3-dimethyl-; N,N'-Dimethylharnstoff; 1,3-Dimethyl urea; N,N'-Dimethylharnstoff [German]; UNII-WAM6DR9I4X; NSC 14910; BRN 1740672; CCRIS 2509; AI3-24386; HSDB 3423; EINECS 202-498-7; MFCD00008286; WAM6DR9I4X; 1,3-Dimethylurea, 98%; CHEBI:80472; Urea,3-dimethyl-; Urea,N'-dimethyl-; WLN: 1MVM1; Dimethylharnstoff; 1.3-Dimethylurea; N,N-Dimethyl-Urea; 1,3 dimethyl urea; N,N'-dimethyl urea; N,N'-dimethylurea; 1,1;-Dimethylurea; 1,3-Dimethylcarbamide; DSSTox_CID_5156; ACMC-209s6t; bmse000248; EC 202-498-7; UREA,1,3-DIMETHYL; (CH3NH)2CO; DSSTox_RID_77691; DSSTox_GSID_25156; N,N'-Dimethylurea, 98%; CHEMBL1234380; DTXSID5025156; 1,3-Dimethylurea 96-31-1; CTK3I6635; KS-00000C9H; NSC14910; NSC24823; ZINC1653257; Tox21_200794; ANW-40803; BBL011513; NSC-14910; NSC-24823; STL146629; AKOS000120912; CS-W013749; LS-2007; MCULE-5319497155; NE10567; CAS-96-31-1; NCGC00248834-01; NCGC00258348-01; AK209010; K738; SC-15870; SY004507; N,N inverted exclamation mark -Dimethylurea; A4569; D0289; FT-0606700; NS00005754; C16364; ethyl 5-oxo-2,3-diphenyl-cyclopentanecarboxylate; N,N'-Dimethylurea, (sym.), >=99% (from N); Q419740; W-100145; N,N'-Dimethylurea, PESTANAL(R), analytical standard; F0001-2292; N,N'-Dimethylurea, (sym.), =95.0% (HPLC), technical; 1,3-Dimethoxy-1,3-dimethylurea; 123707-26-6; Urea, N,N'-dimethoxy-N,N'-dimethyl-; dimethoxydimethylurea; ACMC-209apj; SCHEMBL2575938; CTK8A9544; DTXSID00457156; N,N'-dimethoxy-N,N'-dimethylurea; N,N'-dimethoxy-N,N'-dimethyl urea; ANW-18149; ZINC38312178; KS-0000132C; D3990; 1,3-Dimethoxy-1,3-dimethylurea 123707-26-6; 1,3-diethyl-1,3-dimethylurea; 31468-19-6; dimethyl(diethyl)urea; SCHEMBL3448389; ZINC98209952; 1,3-Diethyl-1,3-dimethylurea 31468-19-6; SCHEMBL10405288; 1-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dimethylurea; ZINC39233104; AKOS006348150; N-hydroxymethyl-N,N'-dimethylcarbamide; 1,3-Dimethyl-1,3-diphenylurea; 611-92-7; N,N'-Dimethyl-N,N'-diphenylurea; Centralite II; Methyl centralite; Centralit II; Centralite-2; Urea, N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-diphenyl-; N,N'-Dimethylcarbanilide; Carbanilide, N,N'-dimethyl-; N,N'-Dimethyl carbanilide; UNII-EN824LB0NY; NSC 59781; EINECS 210-283-4; BRN 2126077; EN824LB0NY; N,N`-dimethyl-N,N`-diphenylurea; Zentralit II; N,N-DIMETHYL-N,N-DIPHENYLUREA; Carbanilide,N'-dimethyl-; Dimethyl-1,3-diphenylurea; WLN: 1NR&VN1&R; SCHEMBL320116; CHEMBL3827384; DTXSID3044964; CTK8F2975; Urea,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-diphenyl-; ZINC389811; N,N;-Dimethyl-N,N;-diphenyl urea; NSC59781; NSC-59781; AKOS003274744; DS-9099; MCULE-5264210998; N-methyl(methylphenylamino)-N-benzamide; AK157734; LS-51577; SC-81241; DB-053807; D0712; FT-0629554; NS00014598; ST45016803; 1,3-Dimethyl-1,3-diphenylurea 611-92-7; Q27277255; 816-00-2; N,N',N''-trimethylbiuret; 1,3-dimethyl-1-(methylcarbamoyl)urea; NSC77663; 1,3,5-trimethylbiuret; 1,3,5-trimethyl-biuret; SCHEMBL7098457; DTXSID901002074; N,N,N'-Trimethyltriimidodicarbonato; ZINC1713568; NSC 77663; NSC-77663; AKOS006350900; Imidodicarbonic diamide, N,N',2-trimethyl-;
N,N inverted, 2-Trimethylimidodicarbonic diamide; 1,3-Dimethyl-1-(7-hydroxybenzothiazole-2-yl)urea; 1,3-Dimethylallantoin; 32282-45-4; Urea, N-(1,3-dimethyl-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)-; DTXSID10954080; 1,3-Dimethyl-5-ureido-2,4-imidazolidinedione; N-(1,3-Dimethyl-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl)carbamimidic acid; 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea; 10290-38-7; 1-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-3,3-dimethylurea; 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea; F3230-0197; Urea, 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl-; Urea, N'-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-; SCHEMBL7276010; CTK6H9215; DTXSID20338913; ZINC396994; AKOS002266517; MCULE-4955496784; N'-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethylurea; ST50550795; N'-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethylurea #; AP-124/41816151; [(3,5-dichlorophenyl)amino]-N,N-dimethylcarboxamide; Z208334664; 1,1-dimethoxy-3,3-dimethylurea; Urea, N,N-dimethoxy-N',N'-dimethyl-; 88470-23-9; ACMC-20la81; SCHEMBL8578958; CTK3B1077; DTXSID20522234; N,N-Dimethoxy-N',N'-dimethylurea; Urea, N,N-dichloro-N',N'-dimethyl-; 56751-23-6; dichlorodimethyl urea; SCHEMBL1822984; CTK1E1612; DTXSID80483933; 3-ethyl-1,1-dimethylurea; Urea, 1,1-dimethyl-3-ethyl-; 1,1-Dimethyl-3-ethylurea; BRN 1922378; 21243-32-3; N',N'-Dimethyl-N-ethylurea; SCHEMBL967318; CTK4E6191; DTXSID00175489; ZINC3620662; AKOS006221667; LS-159974; Hydroxymetoxuron; 34637-13-3; 3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea; CHPDMU; 1-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3-Dimethylurea; 3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-1,1-dimethyl-urea; Urea, N-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-; SCHEMBL11337105; CTK1C3947; DTXSID60956130; ZINC5957291; AKOS017557804; 3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl-1,1-dimethylurea; FT-0719371; N'-(3-Chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-N,N-dimethylcarbamimidic acid; N'-(3-CHLOROPHENYL)-N,N-DIMETHYLUREA; Urea, N'-(3-chlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-; C 2034; 3-(3-Chlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea; UNII-636VOA73L3; N,N-Dimethyl-N'-(3-chlorophenyl)-urea; 587-34-8; 1-(m-Chlorophenyl)-3,3-dimethylurea; BRN 210814; Urea, 1-(m-chlorophenyl)-3,3-dimethyl-; AI3-61360; 636VOA73L3; Urea, 3-(m-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl-; 1-(3-Chlorophenyl)-3,3-dimethylurea; diuron-deschloro (MCPDMU); Urea, N'-(3-chlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethyl- (9CI); SCHEMBL2461958; CHEMBL2271012; DTXSID2074667; ZINC395072; 1,1-dimethyl-3-m-chlorophenylurea; 1-m-Chlorophenyl-3,3-dimethylurea; AKOS001326355; MCULE-3632601233; 3-(3-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea; LS-159556; NS00004345; ST50548537; [(3-chlorophenyl)amino]-N,N-dimethylcarboxamide; Q27263572

DIMETHYL UREA

Dimethylurea (DMU) (IUPAC systematic name: 1,3-Dimethylurea ) is a urea derivative and used as an intermediate in organic synthesis. It is a colorless crystalline powder with little toxicity.

N,N-Dimethyl urea (DMU) (1,3-dimethyl urea, methyl carbamide) is a colourless solid and a non-volatile, versatile and powerful reagent for the synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds. It is used for the synthesis of caffeine, theophylline, pharmaceuticals, textile aids, herbicides, etc. It also finds application in metal-ion complexation, material science, etc. 

DMU can be prepared by the reaction of methylamine with carbon dioxide.

Preparation of Dimethyl Urea:

Among the objects of this invention are the provision of efficient methods for preparing dimethyl urea; the provision of methods of the type indicated which may be easily carried out; the provision of methods of the type referred to which utilize relatively inexpensive media; and the provision of methods of the type indicated which produce a highyield of dimethyl urea. Other objects will be in part apparent and in part pointed out hereinafter.

The invention accordingly comprises the steps and sequence of steps, and features of synthesis, analysis, or metathesis, which will be exemplified in the processes hereinafterdescribed, and the scope of the application of which will be indicated in the following claims.

Dimethyl urea has been previously prepared he employment of an organic solvent has heretofore been considered. absolutely essential. Because ffthe well-known reactivity of phosgene with watenit has been heretofore believed impossible to cause phosgene to react in any great proportion with an amine in an aqueous solution. In an aqueous solution it would have beenpredictedthat the phosgene would react preferentially with the water.- In accordance with the present invention I have made the surprising discovery that the reaction of methyl amine and phosgene to form dimethyl urea, in the presence of a caustic alkali, such as sodium or potassium hydroxide, reaction may be easily carried out in a single aqueous medium. The methyl amine is merely dissolved in the aqueous medium, which maybe water or water containing one or more inert components. The phosgene is slowly added as such by merely adding it to the methyl amine solution; Contrary to the teachings of the art I have found that it is not necessary to dissolve the phosgene in a vehicle or solvent, but that the reaction easily takes place with high yields where the phosgene is merely added to an aqueous solution or methyl amine.

In this way, the obvious diiflculties of handling a solution of phosgene in an organic solvent are avoided, and, although such a solution affords a means for controlling the reaction, it has been found that the reaction may be effectively controlled in other ways to utilize the advantages of the present invention.

The following examples illustrate the invention:

Example 1 A twenty-gallon, jacketed, glass-lined kettle, fitted with an emcient stirrer, thermometer, an inlet tube arranged for delivery of phosgene below the surface of the liquor, and provided with valves to control the rate of flow. Sodium hy droxide solution (7.55 gallons), 9.7 normal, was placed in a calibrated tank and connected through i a valve to the inlet tube. Phosgene was admitted to the well-stirred reaction mixture at the rate of about five pounds' per hour. The cooling water was circulated through the jacket to keep the reaction mixture at about 18 C. After several pounds of phosgene had been admitted, the gradual addition of sodium hydroxide solution was begun and maintained at such a rate that at no time was there an excess of sodium hydroxide present over the amount necessary to react with the chloride produced by the reaction of the phosgene with methyl amine. The rate of addition of phosgene was balanced against the cooling provided by the circulation ofwater so that the temperature was maintained constant at about 18 C.

After about 80% of the theoretical amount of phosgene had been introduced at a maximum rate of about flvepounds per hour, the rate of addition was decreased somewhat and the last part of the reaction was conducted at a lower solution was adjusted so that it exactly balanced the proportion of phosgene at the endof. the reaction.

The reaction product consisted of a solution of dimethyl urea containing some sodium chloride in suspension. The reaction mixture weighed 155 pounds and analysis showed that it contained 24 pounds of dimethyl urea having a freezing point of 101 C. This corresponds to a yield of 90% of theoretical based on the methyl amine used as starting material. It was found further that the reaction mixture contained about of unreacted methyl amine which could be recovered and re-used by appropriate procedures. Taking into account the recovered methyl amine, than a theoretical amount of phosgene.

the yield of dimethyl urea was practically Example 2 Materials were combined in the same manner and proportions as described in Example 1 except that the temperature of the reaction was maintained at -35 C. and an excess of phosgene amounting to 5.5% was employed. The product was shown by analysis to contain 81% of the theoretical amount of dimethyl urea and 14% of unreacted methyl amine. The-dimethyl urea was contaminated by by-products so that the crude material had a freezing point of 89.9 C. The dimethyl urea can be recovered as-described in Example 1, but the crude product obtained under these conditions usually was less pure.

Example 3 Example 1 was repeated but,-in lieu of the aqueous methyl amine solution, the kettle was" charged with water, and methyl amine in gaseous form was delivered below the surface of the .water at the rate of about five pounds per hour through another inlet tube. Comparable results were obtained. Efffective stirring prevents overheating and aids heat transfer to control the temperature so that it is not substantially above 50 C.

It is preferred that the reaction mixture be naintained at a temperature of approximately 18 ,C. Lower temperatures are not detrimental C. deleterlously affects the yield and quality 0! the product.

In general it is preferred that not more than a theoretical proportion of phosgene be used, since an excess tends to promote side reactions. Satisfactory results can be obtained by using less For example, excellent results are obtained with 90% of theoretical. 1

The caustic should be added at such a rate that it is consumed as it is added; that is, the rate of addition is controlled so that at no time durin the reaction is there an excess of caustic present. Preferably, the reaction is permitted to occurto the extent of about 10-25% before the addition of the caustic is begun. It may be added continuously as the reaction takes place, or peri ably of a concentration of about 35% by weight.

However, more concentrated or more dilute solutions may be employed, although in general it is preferred that the concentration not be substantially below 10% or above 50%.

In view of the above, it will be seen that the several objects of the invention are achieved and other advantageous results attained.

As many changes could be made in the above processes without departing from the scope of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

Claim:

1. The method of preparing dimethyl urea which comprises reacting methyl amine and not substantially in excess of the theoretical proportion of phosgene in an aqueous medium and adding a caustic alkali to the aqueous solution.

2. The method of preparing dimethyl urea which comprises mixing not substantially in excess of the theoretical proportion of gaseous phosgene and an aqueous solution of methyl amine and adding a caustic alkali to the aqueous solution.

3. The method of making dimethyl urea which comprises bubbling'not substantially in excess of the theoretical proportion of gaseous phosgene into an aqueous solution of methyl amine and adding a caustic alkali to the aqueous solution.

4. The method of making dimethyl urea which comprises mixing not substantially in excess of the theoretical proportion of gaseous phosgene with an aqueous solution of methyl amine and neutralizing the acid formed by the reaction by adding a caustic alkali to the reaction mixture.

5. The method of making dimethyl urea which comprises bubbling not substantially in excess of the theoretical proportion of phosgene into an aqueous solution of methyl amine and simultaneously neutralizing the acid formed by the reaction by adding a caustic alkali.

6. The method of making dimethyl urea. which comprises mixing together phosgene and an aqueand even higher temperatures up to as high as 50 C. may be employed, although in general increasing the temperature substantially above 18 ous solution of methyl amine, said phosgene being added in not substantially more than the theoretical proportion and said mixing being carried out at a temperature not substantially above 50 C., while agitating the mixture, and neutralizing the acid formed by the reaction by adding to the reaction mixture while the reaction is taking place a caustic alkali at such a rate that at no time during the progress of the reaction is there a substantial excess of caustic present.

7. The method of making dimethyl urea which comprises simultaneously introducing into an aqueous medium, gaseous phosgene and methyl amine, said phosgene being introduced in not substantially more than the theoretical proportion, maintaining the aqueous medium at a temperature not substantially above 59 C. and adding a caustic alkali to the aqueous-medium at such a rate that at no-time during the progress of the reaction is there a substantial excess of caustic present.

The goal of healthy strong nails is a balance between nail hardness and flexibility. Hard nails are great, but there is such a thing as over hardening the nail plate. The harder that your nails get the more brittle they become. The nail plate must balance both characteristics, hardness and flexibility, to retain health, stability, and length. We can balance the hardness with nail flexibility by moisturizing and taking a break from nail hardeners intermittently if needed.

Your nail bed is comprised of a protein called keratin. This protein has naturally occurring cross linkages in the filaments which give nails their hardness.  However, not enough cross-links and the nail is very flexible and lacks strength.  One way to create more cross-links in keratin is with the use of formaldehyde. However, formaldehyde is not for everyone for several reasons. A good replacement for formaldehyde based nail hardeners is Dimethyl Urea (DMU) based treatments.

Dimethyl Urea works exactly like formaldehyde in that it creates more cross linkages in the keratin, but has two main advantages:

1. Does not excessively create cross linkages

2. Is not likely to irritate skin

Apparently the cross linkage mechanism is much more controlled and fine tuned and therefore does not excessively harden the nail plate.  You do not need to take intermittent breaks like with formaldehyde. Always evaluate and re-evaluate your nail situation periodically.

FIRST – AID MEASURES

Descriptive first aid measures:
    General advise:
Remove contaminated clothing.

    Inhaled:
If difficulties occur after vapours/ aerosol has been inhaled, move to fresh air and seek medical attention.

    Skin contact:
Wash affected areas thoroughly with soap and water. Remove contaminated clothing. If irritation develops, seek medical attention.

    Eye contact:
Rinse eyes for at least 15 minutes under running water with eyelids wide open.

    Ingestion: 
Rinse mouth and then drink plenty of water.

    Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed.
Symptoms: No significant symptoms are expected due to the non – classification of the 
                    product.

    Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed Note to Physician: 
Treatment: Treat according to symptoms (decontamination, vital functions), no known   
    specific antidote.

FIRE – FIGHTING MEASURES

    Suitable Extinguishing Media:
Water spray, dry Powder or foam.

    Unsuitable Extinguishing Media:
Water jet

    Protective Equipment for Fire -  fighting:
Fire fighters should be equipped with self-contained breathing apparatus and turn out gear.

    Additional Information: 
Contaminated extinguishing water must be disposed ofin accordance with official regulations.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES

    Personal Precautions
Use personal protective equipment. Information regarding personal protective equipment see section 8.

    Environmental Precautions
Do not discharge into drains/ surface water/ ground water.

    Methods and material for containment and cleaning -up
Dispose of absorbed material in accordance with regulations.

Small spill and leak:
Dilute with water and mob up or absorb with absorbent material (e.g. sand, silica gel acid binder, general purpose binder, sawdust). Finish cleaning by spreading water on contaminated surface.

Large spill and leak:Pick up with suitable adsorbent material or vacuum up spilled product. Place into suitable container for disposal. Finish cleaning by spreading water on contaminated surface.

HANDLING AND STORAGE

    Precautions of safe handling
No special measures are necessary provided the product is handled in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Protection against fire an explosion: No special precautions are necessary.

    Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities
Segregate from acids and bases. Segregate from oxidising agents.

Other Information on storage conditions: Keep container tightly closed and dry. Store in a cool and well-ventilated area.

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES: 

    Form                   :  Crystalline Powder
    Odour                            :  No information available
    Odour threshold                    :  N/D
    Colour                           :  White 
    pH (5% aq.)                           :  5 - 7
    Melting Point                      :  101 – 104 deg. C
    Vapour pressure                    :  N/D
    Auto ignition temperature          :  400 deg. C
    Vapour Density  (Air = 1)          :  N/D
    Freezing point                     :  N/D
    Decomposition Temperature          :  > 150 deg. C
    Flash Point                        :  157 deg. C
    Flammability                       :  N/D

STABILITY AND REACTIVITY

    Hazardous Reactions
No hazardous reactions when stored and handled according to the instructions. The product is chemically stable.

    Decomposition Products
Hazardous decomposition Products: No hazardous decomposition products if stored and handled as prescribed or indicated.

    Thermal Decomposition
       No data available.

    Corrosion of metals
No corrosion effect on metals.

Toxicological Information

    Primary routes exposure:
Routes of entry for solids and liquids are ingestion and inhalation, but may include eye or skin contact.Routes of entry for gases include inhalation and eye contact. Skin contact may be a route of entry for liquefied gases.

    Acute Toxicity
Oral:
Test Type: LD50
Species: Rat
Value: 4000 mg/kg

    Irritation/ Corrosion
Assessment of irritating effects: Skin contact causes irritation.
Skin
Species: Rabbit
Result: Moderately Irritating

Eye
Species: rabbit
Result: non - irritant

    Chronic Toxicity/ Effects:
Repeated dose toxicity
Assessment of repeated dose toxicity: no known chronic effects.

The product has not been tested. The statement has been derived from products of a similar structure or composition.

    Symptoms of exposure :
The most important known symptoms and effects are described in the labelling (see section 2) and / or in section 11.
Medical conditions aggravated by overexposure. Data available do not indicate that there are medical conditions that are generally recognised as being aggravated by exposure to this substance/ product. 

Ecological information

    Toxicity
Species: Fish
Test type: LC50
Results: 2523 mg/l (96 h)

    Aquatic invertebrates
Species: Daphnia magna
Test type: EC50 
Results: 500 mg/l (48 h) 

    Microorganism/ effect on activated sludge
Toxicity to microorganisms
Test type: DEV-L2
Results: > 1000 mg/l
Inhibition of degradation activity in activated sludge is not to be anticipated during correct introduction of low concentrations.

    Persistence and degradability
Elimination information
More than 60% CO2 formation relative to the theoretical value (28 d) (OECD 301B; ISO 9439; 92/69/EEC, C.4-C). Readily degradable.

    Additional Information
Other Ecotoxicological advice:
Do not release untreated waste into natural waters. The product has been tested. The statement has been derived from substance/ products of a similar structure or composition.

8.    EXPOSURE CONTROLS AND PERSONAL PROTECTION

    Advise on system design:
Provide local exhaust ventilation to control vapours/ mists.

    Personal Protective Equipment
Respiratory Protection:
Wear respiratory protection if ventilation is inadequate. Breathing protection if breathable aerosols/ dust are formed.

Hand protection:
Chemical resistance protective gloves. 

Eye protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles (chemical goggles) and face shield.

General safety and hygiene measures:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wearing of closed work clothing is recommended. Wear protective clothing as necessary to minimise contact.