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E 104 Quinoline Yellow is a quinoline derivative with a 1,3-dioxoindan-2-yl substituent at C-2.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow has a role as a dye.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow is a member of quinolines, a beta-diketone and an aromatic ketone.
CAS Number: 8003-22-3
Molecular Formula: C18H11NO2
Molecular Weight: 273.29
EINECS Number: 232-318-2
Synonyms: E104, D AND C YELLOW 10, D AND C YELLOW NO 10, D AND C YELLOW NO 11, CI NO 47005, CI ACID YELLOW 3, CI 47000, CHINA YELLOW94803-32-4, 2-(1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1h-inden-2-yl)quinoline-6,8-disulfonic acid, G5MIQ8Q13H, UNII-G5MIQ8Q13H, 6,8-Quinolinedisulfonic acid, 2-(2,3-dihydro-1,3-dioxo-1H-inden-2-yl)-, DTXSID10873126, Chinogelb, Chinogelb Extra, 6,8-Quinolinedisulfonic acid, 2-(1,3-dioxo-2-indanyl)-, Quinoline Yellow S, Jaune de quinoleine, Food Yellow 13, Quinidine Yellow KT, Dye Quinoline Yellow, Japan Yellow 203, Lemon Yellow ZN 3, Basacid Yellow 094, Schultz No. 918, Quinoline Yellow Extra, L-Gelb 3, D&C Yellow No. 10, D and C Yellow No. 10, D & C Yellow no. 10, FD and C Yellow No. 10, Vitasyn Quinoline Yellow 70, CI 47005, 2-(2-Quinolyl)-1,3-indandione disulfonic acid disodium salt, Yellow 203 Aluminum Lake, C.I. Acid yellow 3, 9CI, SCHEMBL5356629, CHEMBL3306382, DTXCID7027964, PD094565, NS00019538, Food Yellow 4:1, KI4, C.I. Pigment Yellow 100, Acid yellow 23 aluminum lake (C.I. 19140:1), Pigment yellow 100 (C.I. 19140:1), Tartrazine alaminium lake, C.I. 19140:1, 1H-Pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid, 4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-1-(4-sulfophenyl)-4-((4-sulfophenyl)azo)- aluminum salt
E 104 Quinoline Yellow is a mixture of organic compounds derived from the dye Quinoline Yellow SS (spirit soluble). Owing to the presence of sulfonate groups, the WS dyes are water-soluble (WS).
It is a mixture of disulfonates (principally), monosulfonates and trisulfonates of 2-(2-quinolyl)indan-1,3-dione with a maximum absorption wavelength of 416 nm.[4]p. 119
E 104 Quinoline Yellow is a synthetic yellow dye commonly used in the food and cosmetic industries.
Insoluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohol (yellow), linseed oil, mineral oil, oleic acid, paraffin wax, stearic acid, turpentine, soluble in acetone, Chloroform, benzene and toluene.
In concentrated sulfuric acid for yellow brown, dilution after yellow floc precipitation.
Used for alcohol soluble paint, polyethylene, polycarbonate, polyamide and acrylic acid resin, color cosmetics.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow is part of the quinoline dye family and is specifically identified by the European food additive number E 104.
This dye is produced through chemical synthesis, primarily from coal tar or petroleum derivatives.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow has a distinctive yellow color, and its chemical structure consists of a quinoline ring system with an attached sulfonic acid group, which is responsible for its solubility in water and its ability to dye products.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow is used in a variety of consumer products, including foods, beverages, and cosmetics, primarily for coloring.
It can be found in items such as confectioneries, soft drinks, desserts, and baked goods, where it provides a bright yellow or golden hue.
It is also utilized in the production of cosmetic products like shampoos, lotions, and toothpastes, giving them an appealing color that aligns with branding or product aesthetic.
However, like many artificial food colorings, E 104 Quinoline Yellow has been subject to scrutiny due to potential health concerns.
Some studies suggest a possible link between the consumption of synthetic food dyes like Quinoline Yellow and hyperactivity in children, particularly those with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
As a result, several countries have implemented regulations limiting the use of this dye in food products, with some even requiring labels to include a warning for consumers, stating that the dye may have an effect on activity and attention in children.
The use of E 104 Quinoline Yellow is restricted in certain regions due to these health concerns.
In the European Union, for example, the dye is regulated by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), which sets acceptable daily intake limits to ensure that exposure to this dye through diet remains within safe levels.
Similarly, some countries, such as the United States, allow the use of E 104 Quinoline Yellow but have placed restrictions on its use in specific food products, particularly in preserved or processed foods.
The toxicity of E 104 Quinoline Yellow has been tested in various studies, and while it is generally regarded as safe at the permitted levels, concerns about its long-term effects on health, particularly regarding allergic reactions, carcinogenicity, and toxicological profiles, have led to ongoing investigations.
Some studies have suggested that high doses of Quinoline Yellow could potentially cause adverse effects, including cancer or organ damage, particularly in animal studies.
Despite these concerns, E 104 Quinoline Yellow continues to be used in many products today, but manufacturers must ensure they adhere to safety regulations, which often require rigorous testing to confirm the safety of such additives before they are approved for use in the food supply.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow is a mixture of organic compounds derived from the dye Quinoline Yellow SS -Spirit Soluble-.
Owing to the presence of sulfonate groups, the WS dyes are water-soluble -WS-.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow is a mixture of disulfonates -principally-, monosulfonates and trisulfonates of 2--2-quinolyl-indan-1‚3-dione with a maximum absorption wavelength of 416 nm.p.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow is a water-soluble dye in compliance with EU, Japanese, and Chinese cosmetic regulations.
This yellow to yellowish brown powder is composed of sodium salt of quinoleic dye.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow is suggested for use in make-up, skincare, sun care, and toiletries products.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow is a synthetic non-azo dye authorized as a food additive in Europe, in accordance with Regulation (EC) No. 1333/2008 of the European Union.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow is used to achieve a yellow-green color in feed, food, cosmetics, supplements, and medicines.
Due to the presence of sulfonate groups, Quinoline Yellow is water-soluble.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow is a mixture of disulfonates (primarily), monosulfonates, and trisulfonates, with the molecular formula C18H11NO2.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow is recommended to be safe if the daily intake is limited.
It is recommended to carefully read food labels, as the daily dose can easily be exceeded by the cumulative amount of additives from various products consumed in a day.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow is found in jams and jellies, bakery and pastry products, confectionery, ice cream, chewing gum, dairy products, non-alcoholic and alcoholic beverages, spices, smoked fish, fish roe, fish paste, and crustacean paste.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow is also found in cosmetics, in lipsticks, lotions, soap, shampoo, bubble bath, as well as in medicines and supplements.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow is a synthetic non-azo dye authorized as a food additive in Europe, in accordance with Regulation (EC) No. 1333/2008 of the European Union.
It is used to achieve a yellow-green color in feed, food, cosmetics, supplements, and medicines.
Due to the presence of sulfonate groups, Quinoline Yellow is water-soluble.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow is a mixture of disulfonates (primarily), monosulfonates, and trisulfonates, with the molecular formula C18H11NO2.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow, which is banned in food in the USA, Australia, and Norway, can trigger contact allergic reactions (contact eczema).
In addition, it had a nerve- and mutagenic effect in test tube experiments.
In further studies, it has been found that quinoline yellow is able to dock to a wide variety of protein structures in the body and can thus impair the functions and structure of proteins.
Research is not yet aware of the potentially harmful consequences of this dye property.
The dye may also contain aluminum without it being indicated on the label.
The metal is suspected of promoting dementia in the brain, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow can also act like a female sex hormone and is therefore one of the so-called metal estrogens.
As such, E 104 Quinoline Yellow can affect sexual functions and contribute to obesity.
Aluminum can also impair intestinal functions.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow can change the composition of bacteria in the digestive tract (the so-called microbiome) and disrupt the immune system.
Experiments with mice have shown that it promotes inflammation and promotes so-called irritable bowel syndrome.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow is a water soluble dye in compliance with EU, Japanese and Chinese cosmetic regulations.
This yellow to yellowish brown powder is composed of sodium salt of quinoleic dye.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow is suggested for use in make-up, skin care, sun care and toiletries products.
Food additive in the category of synthetic non-azo colorants.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow gives a green-yellow color and it is allowed to be used in any type of food (alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages, meat products, milk, eggs, vegetables, fruits, cereals, sweets, etc.) except those meant fo infants and young children.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow can be used on its own or in combination with other oclorants.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow is a synthetic azo dye with a yellow-green color.
It is an organic heterocyclic compound used for dissolving sulfur and phosphorus.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow exists in two forms: water-soluble (Quinoline Yellow WS) and alcohol-soluble (Quinoline Yellow SS).
E 104 Quinoline Yellows chemical formula is C18H9NO8S2Na2.
Melting point: 240C
Boiling point: 250℃[at 101 325 Pa]
Density: 0.274[at 20℃]
solubility: 600mg/L in organic solvents at 20 ℃
pka: 0[at 20 ℃]
Odor: Odorless
Water Solubility: 561.286mg/L at 30℃
LogP: 0.028 at 25℃
E 104 Quinoline Yellow is a widely used dye, it remains controversial due to its potential health risks, and its safety and regulatory status vary across different countries and regions.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow is acid yellow 3 aluminum lake colorant.
The product finds application in soap, lipstick, mascara, eye shadow and make-up formulas.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow has not been associated with any significant long-term toxicity, is not genotoxic or carcinogenic and there is no evidence of adverse effects on reproduction or development.
Food colorants in general have been the subject of much scrutiny for their effect on health.
Since the 1970s and the well-publicized advocacy of Benjamin Feingold, there has been public concern that food colorings may cause ADHD-like behavior in children.
These concerns have led the U.S. FDA and other food safety authorities to regularly review the scientific literature, and led the UK FSA to commission a study by researchers at the University of Southampton to assess the effect of a mixture of six food dyes (Tartrazine, Allura Red, Ponceau 4R, Quinoline Yellow WS, Sunset Yellow FCF and Carmoisine (dubbed the "Southampton 6")) and sodium benzoate (a preservative) on children in the general population, who consumed them in beverages; the study published in 2007.
The study found "a possible link between the consumption of these artificial colours and a sodium benzoate preservative and increased hyperactivity" in the children; the advisory committee to the FSA that evaluated the study also determined that because of study limitations, the results could not be extrapolated to the general population, and further testing was recommended".
The European regulatory community, with a stronger emphasis on the precautionary principle, required labelling and temporarily reduced the acceptable daily intake (ADI) for the food colorings; the UK FSA called for voluntary withdrawal of the colorings by food manufacturers.
However, in 2009 the EFSA re-evaluated the data at hand and determined that "the available scientific evidence does not substantiate a link between the color additives and behavioral effects".
On the basis of other evidence the EFSA also reduced the acceptable daily intake (ADI) from 10 to 0.5 mg/kg.
The US FDA did not make changes following the publication of the Southampton study, but following a citizen petition filed by the Center for Science in the Public Interest in 2008, requesting the FDA ban several food additives, the FDA commenced a review of the available evidence, and still made no changes.
No evidence supports broad claims that food coloring causes food intolerance and ADHD-like behavior in children.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow is possible that certain food coloring may act as a trigger in those who are genetically predisposed, but the evidence is weak.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow is a mixture of organic compounds derived from the dye Quinoline Yellow SS (spirit soluble).
Owing to the presence of sulfonate groups, the WS dyes are water-soluble (WS).
E 104 (Quinoline yellow) is a mixture of disulfonates (principally), monosulfonates and trisulfonates of 2-(2-quinolyl)indan-1,3-dione with a maximum absorption wavelength of 416 nm.
E 104 (Quinoline yellow) is a yellow, water-soluble, anionic quinophthalone dye.
This synthetic dye, E 104 (Quinoline yellow), is generally used as a food additive.
Its applications are also seen in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.
E 104 (Quinoline yellow) is a chinophthalon derivative applied in the compositions of skin, lips, or body cosmetics.
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) carried out an exposure assessment of E 104 Quinoline Yellow, taking into account additional information on its use in foods.
In 2009, the EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) adopted a scientic opinion on the re-evaluation of E 104 (Quinoline yellow) and concluded that, at the maximum usage levels, rened intake estimates were generally well above the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 0.5 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day.
Annex II to Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 was amended by the European Commission as regards the conditions of use such that Maximum Permitted Levels (MPLs), when not withdrawn (n = 14), were decreased by a factor of 1.1 to 50, depending on the food category, applicable from 1 June 2013 onwards.
Following this, the European Commission requested EFSA to perform a rened exposure assessment for this food colour.
Data on the presence of E 104 Quinoline Yellow in foods were requested from relevant stakeholders through a call for usage and analytical data.
Usage levels were provided to EFSA for 6 out of 28 food categories in which E 104 (Quinoline yellow) is authorised.
In addition, 6 266 analytical results were reported.
Following the amendment of Annex II to Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008, exposure estimates for E 104 (Quinoline yellow) presented in this statement were based on the currently authorised MPLs and analytical levels combined with food consumption data from the EFSA Comprehensive Food Consumption Database.
Three scenarios were considered: (1) exposure estimates based on MPLs, (2) a rened brand-loyal exposure scenario and (3) a rened non-brand-loyal exposure scenario.
Mean and high-level exposure estimates of E 104 (Quinoline yellow) were below the ADI for all population groups in all three scenarios.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow is an articial dye.
Additionally, E 104 Quinoline Yellow is a yellow, viscous liquid that is soluble in water and soluble in organic solvents.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow is used as a coloring agent in foods and beverages.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow occurs a yellow powder or granules and is manufactured by sulfonating 2-(2-quinolyl)-1,3-indandione.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow can be converted to a corresponding aluminum lake.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow is prepared by sulfonating 2-(2-quinolyl) indan-1,3-dione or a mixture containing about two thirds 2-(2- quinolyl)indane-1,3-dione and one third 2-(2-(6-methylquinolyl))indane-1,3-dione.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow consists essentially of sodium salts of a mixture of disulfonates (principally), monosulfonates and trisulfonates of the above compound and subsidiary colouring matters together with sodium chloride and/or sodium sulphate as the principal uncoloured components.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow is described as the sodium salt
E 104 Quinoline Yellow is produced synthetically.
The water-soluble dye is characterized by great stability against light and heat.
Even fruit acids cannot harm the yellow dye.
In certain manufacturing processes, aluminum may also be included, it then belongs to a group of so-called aluminum colors.
This substance is also known under the following name: CI Food Yellow 13
Uses:
E 104 Quinoline Yellow is used in cosmetic composition for application to the skin, lips, and/or body surface.
In spirit lacquers, polystyrenes, polycarbonates, polyamides, and acrylic resins.
In colored smokes occasionally in hydrocarbon solvents.
In externally applied drugs and cosmetics.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow in various industries plays an essential role in improving the visual appeal, branding, and marketability of products.
However, its application is regulated, and the concentration levels must adhere to safety standards set by authorities to minimize any potential health risks associated with prolonged exposure to synthetic dyes.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow is used as a greenish yellow food additive in certain countries, designated in Europe as the E number E104.
In the EU and Australia, Quinoline Yellow is permitted in beverages and is used in foods, like sauces, decorations, and coatings; E 104 Quinoline Yellow is not listed as a permitted food additive in Canada or the US, where it is permitted in medicines and cosmetics and is known as D&C Yellow 10.
The Codex Alimentarius does not list it.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow is used as a greenish yellow food additive in certain countries, designated in Europe as the E number E104.
In the EU and Australia, E 104 Quinoline Yellow is permitted in beverages and is used in foods, like sauces, decorations, and coatings.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow is not listed as a permitted food additive in Canada or the US, where it is permitted in medicines and cosmetics and is known as D&C Yellow.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow is a yellow, water-soluble, anionic quinophthalone dye.
This synthetic dye, E 104 Quinoline Yellow, is generally used as a food additive.
Its applications are also seen in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow is a chinophthalon derivative applied in the compositions of skin, lips, or body cosmetics.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow is acid yellow 3 colorant.
The product, E 104 Quinoline Yellow, is suitable for shampoos, shower- & bubble baths, deodorant and toothpaste.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow can be used to color cosmetics, drugs, and food, including dietary supplements, sauces, soups and broths, bakery, dairy fats and oil, seafood, seasonings, breath fresheners, desserts, and convenient foods, and beverages.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow is used to give food a greenish-yellow/lemon-lime colour.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow is a bright greenish-yellow, water soluble dye.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow is a mixture of the sodium salts of the mono- and disulfonic acids of 2-[2-quinolinyl]-1H-indene-1,3 [2H]-dione consisting principally of the sodium salt hydro-1,3-dioxo-1H-indene-2-yl]-6-quinolinesulfonic acid and 2-[2,3-dihydro-1,3-dioxo-1Hindene-2yl]-8-quinolinesulfonic acid with lesser amounts of the disodium salts of the disulfonic acids of 2-[2-quinolinyl]-1H-indene1,3[2H]-dione.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow is often used for green industrially produced foods, combining it with blue.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow can be found in fruit ice cream, soft drinks, confectionery, and desserts.
The dye is banned in the United States of America.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow is primarily used as a coloring agent in a variety of food, beverages, and cosmetic products.
It imparts a vivid yellow hue to the products, making them more visually appealing and consistent with consumer expectations.
In the food industry, E 104 Quinoline Yellow is commonly found in products like confectioneries (such as candies and sweets), carbonated beverages, fruit juices, and bakery goods (such as cakes, pastries, and donuts).
E 104 Quinoline Yellow is also added to desserts like jellies, puddings, and ice creams to enhance their appearance and make them more attractive to consumers.
In addition to food products, E 104 Quinoline Yellow is widely used in cosmetics and personal care products.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow can be found in shampoos, soaps, lotions, toothpastes, and bath gels, where it serves not only as a colorant but also helps to create a distinct product identity.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow is used in cosmetic formulations to provide an appealing, bright yellow shade, often in combination with other dyes to achieve a desired color range.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow is also used in the pharmaceutical industry, particularly in tablets and capsules, where it helps to distinguish products, as well as in the production of vitamin supplements or medications that require coloring for branding or ease of identification.
The dye helps ensure that these products maintain a consistent appearance, which can improve their marketability and consumer recognition.
Moreover, the dye can also be used in artificial flowers, textile products, and plastic materials, where it is often employed in small quantities to add an attractive yellow color to items that are not intended for consumption but still require a vibrant color for aesthetic purposes.
In addition to its widespread use in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, E 104 Quinoline Yellow has various applications across several other industries.
For example, in the textile industry, it is used to dye fabrics and materials, particularly those used in products like clothing, curtains, and upholstery.
Its vibrant yellow color is particularly sought after for synthetic fibers, providing a long-lasting and stable dye that doesn't fade easily with washing or exposure to light.
The dye is also utilized in the printing industry, where it is applied to inks used for printing on paper, packaging, and labels.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow enhances the aesthetic appeal of printed materials, offering a bright, appealing color that can be used in advertisements or product labels to attract consumer attention.
This makes it an important component in branding and marketing, especially for products that rely heavily on visual cues to stand out in a competitive marketplace.
Another lesser-known use of E 104 Quinoline Yellow is in the production of artificial materials, such as plastics and rubber products.
In these cases, the dye is often added to create visually appealing plastic goods, such as toys, bottles, or containers, which need to have a specific color for both functional and aesthetic reasons.
The use of colorants in these materials also ensures that the final products meet regulatory standards for appearance and visual appeal.
In agriculture, E 104 Quinoline Yellow has been utilized as a tracer dye in the application of pesticides or herbicides, marking treated areas with a distinct yellow color that allows farmers and workers to see where chemicals have been applied, reducing the risk of over-spraying or missing certain areas.
While its applications are vast, the use of E 104 Quinoline Yellow in consumer-facing products, especially food and beverages, remains its most prominent.
E 104 Quinoline Yellow is an ingredient that helps ensure product consistency, making items more attractive and recognizable to consumers while also fulfilling a functional role in many non-food sectors.
However, it is essential for regulatory bodies to continuously monitor the safety of its use, as prolonged or excessive exposure to synthetic dyes may pose risks, prompting the need for careful control and safe handling of such additives across all industries.
Safety Profile:
One of the primary health concerns associated with E 104 Quinoline Yellow is its potential to cause allergic reactions in some individuals.
These reactions can range from mild skin irritations to more severe symptoms such as hives, rashes, or respiratory difficulties.
People who are sensitive to certain synthetic dyes, particularly those with a history of asthma or other allergies, may experience more pronounced adverse effects when exposed to Quinoline Yellow.
Moreover, some studies have suggested that artificial colorants like E 104 Quinoline Yellow could be linked to hyperactivity and attention deficit issues in children.
Although the evidence is still debated, some research has indicated that food dyes, including Quinoline Yellow, may exacerbate conditions such as ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) in children, particularly when consumed in large amounts or in combination with other synthetic additives.
There is also a concern regarding the long-term carcinogenic potential of synthetic food dyes, including E 104 Quinoline Yellow.
While E 104 Quinoline Yellow has not been definitively classified as a carcinogen, animal studies have shown some evidence of tumor development following prolonged exposure to high doses of the dye.
This has raised concerns about its safety for long-term consumption, particularly in products that are regularly ingested in large quantities, such as beverages and processed foods.
Another hazard that has emerged in some studies is the genotoxicity of E 104 Quinoline Yellow, which refers to its potential to cause DNA damage.
This has led to concerns about its possible impact on genetic material, which could theoretically lead to mutations or even influence the development of certain types of cancers.
While this remains an area of ongoing research, the possibility of DNA damage and mutagenic effects from synthetic dyes like E 104 Quinoline Yellow raises alarm for those who may be exposed to the substance over extended periods.
Moreover, some studies have explored the potential effects of Quinoline Yellow on reproductive health.
Though the data is limited, there have been concerns that synthetic food colorants could impact fertility, potentially affecting both males and females.
Certain animal studies have indicated that high levels of artificial dyes could have adverse effects on reproductive organs, though these effects have not been conclusively observed in humans.
