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CAS Number : 514-78-3
EC Number : 208-187-2
ECHA InfoCard : 100.007.444
PubChem CID : 5281227
ChemSpider : 4447582
Chemical formula : C40H52O2
Molar mass : 564.82 g/mol
Appearance : Violet crystals
Melting point : 211 to 212 °C
IUPAC name :
-β,β-Carotene-4,4′-dione
Preferred IUPAC name :
-3,3′-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-3,7,12,16-Tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaene-1,18-diyl]bis(2,4,4-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one)
Other names :
-Cantaxanthin, Cantaxanthine, Canthaxanthine, Lucantin red (BASF), Lucantin Red CWD (BASF), Carophyll Red (DSM), Roxanthin Red 10 (Adisseo), L-Orange 7g, C.I. Food Orange 8, E161g
E 161g is a keto-carotenoid pigment widely distributed in nature.
E 161g belong to a larger class of phytochemicals known as terpenoids.
The chemical formula of E 161g is C40H52O2.
E 161g was first isolated in edible mushrooms.
E 161g has also been found in green algae, bacteria, crustaceans, and bioaccumulates in fish such as carp, golden grey mullet, seabream and trush wrasse.
E 161g is associated with E number E161g and is approved for use as a food coloring agent in different countries, including the United States and the EU; however, it is not approved for use in Australia and New Zealand.
E 161g is generally authorized for feed applications in at least the following countries: US, Canada, EU.
In the EU, E 161g is allowed by law to be added to trout feed, salmon feed and poultry feed.
The European Union limit is 80 mg/kg of feedstuffs, 8 mg/kg in feed for egg laying hens and 25 mg/kg in feed for other poultry and salmonids.
E 161g is a potent lipid-soluble antioxidant.
The biological functions of E 161g are related, at least in part, to its ability to function as an antioxidant (free radical scavenging/vitamin E sparing) in animal tissues.
Biosynthesis of E 161g
Due to the commercial value of E 161g, their biosynthesis has been studied extensively in both natural producers, and non-natural (heterologous) systems such as the bacteria Escherichia coli and yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
E 161g biosynthesis proceeds from beta-carotene via the action of a single protein, known as a beta-carotene ketolase, that is able to add a carbonyl group to carbon 4 and 4' of the beta carotene molecule.
Although functionally identical, several distinct beta-carotene ketolase proteins are known.
That is to say they differ from an evolutionary perspective in their primary amino acid/protein sequence.
They are different proteins that complete the same function.
Thus, bacterial (CrtW) and micro-algal beta-carotene ketolase proteins such as BKT isolated from Haematococcus pluvialis are known.
Due to the nature of E 161g, relative to astaxanthin (a carotenoid of significant commercial value) these beta-carotene ketolase proteins have been studied extensively.
An E. coli based production system has been developed, that achieved canthanaxanthin production at 170 mg/L in lab scale fermentation.
Presence in fish of E 161g
E 161g is not found in wild Atlantic Salmon, but is a minor carotenoid in Pacific Salmon.
E 161g is used in farm-raised trout.
E 161g is used in combination with astaxanthin for some salmon feeds.
Presence in birds of E 161g
The antioxidant characteristics of E 161g have been studied by a number of authors and experiments have shown that the presence of canthaxanthin can potentially help to reduce oxidation in a number of tissues including broiler meat and the chick embryo.
In the egg, E 161g is transferred from yolk to the developing embryo where it might help to protect the developing bird against oxidative damage, particularly during the sensitive periods of hatching and early posthatch life.
E 161g is a carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene bearing two oxo substituents at positions 4 and 4'.
E 161g has a role as a biological pigment, a food colouring, a fungal metabolite and an Escherichia coli metabolite.
E 161g derives from a hydride of a beta-carotene.
E 161g is a natural product found in Muriellopsis, Cladonia gracilis, and other organisms with data available.
A trans-carotenoid pigment widely distributed in nature.
E 161g is used as an oral suntanning agent and as a food and drug coloring agent.
Oral ingestion of the compound causes E 161g retinopathy.
E 161g is a food additive approved by the European Union (EU).
E 161g is used as a natural colouring agent in food and drink products.
The common name for E 161g is the canthaxanthin.
E 161g is a yellow / orange colouring that occurs naturally in various plants and birds. When prepared on a commercial scale, the colouring is derived from mushrooms and flamingo feathers. E 161g is a xanthophyll (an oxygenated derivative of carotenes).
As well as in food, the colouring is used in self-tanning products.
Some studies have indicated that frequent and prolonged close contact with E 161g may cause spots on the retina of the eye due to the formation of crystals.
This colouring is also suspected of causing damage to the liver with prolonged ingestion.
Examples of food and drink products that sometimes include E 161g:
-mushrooms
-fish
-sweets
-bread
-sausages
Physico-chemical Properties of E 161g
Molecular Formula : C40H52O2
Molar Mass : 564.85
Density : 1.003±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)
Melting Point : 217～218℃
Boling Point : 717.0±40.0 °C(Predicted)
Flash Point : 253.9°C
Solubility : Chloroform (Slightly)
Vapor Presure : 2.09E-20mmHg at 25°C
Appearance : neat
Color : Very Dark Red to Black
E 161g occurs as a dark, crystalline powder.
E 161g is consists predominantly of trans-ß-carotene-4,4′-dione together with minor amounts of other isomers.
E 161g is a reddish-orange color primarily used to color the meat of poultry, salmon, and trout and the yolks of eggs indirectly through animal feeds.
E 161g can also be used directly for coloring food such as tomato products, fruit drinks, sausage products and baked goods as well as pharmaceuticals.
E 161g is a keto-carotenoid pigment with an orange-red color widely distributed in nature.
E 161g was first isolated in edible mushrooms.
E 161g has also been found in green algae, bacteria, crustaceans, and bioaccumulates in fish such as carp, golden mullet, seabream and trush wrasse.
E 161g is primarily used as a feed additive for animals.
E 161g can lead to a more intensely-coloured egg yolk and flesh from poultry, and a more reddish colour for salmon.
E 161g can also be used as a colour additive (E number 161g) in foods.
Nevertheless, its use for such purpose is less common than as feeding stuffs for animals.
E 161g is approved to use as food additives and cosmetics colorant in EU.
In US, E 161g is exempt from certification and permanently listed as color additives for food and drugs use.
E 161g is a reddish-orange color primarily used to color the meat of poultry, salmon, and trout and the yolks of eggs indirectly through animal feeds.
E 161g can also be used directly for coloring food such as tomato products, fruit drinks, sausage products and baked goods as well as pharmaceuticals.
E 161g is a carotenoid.
E 161g belongs to a larger class of phytochemicals known as terpenes.
The chemical formula of E 161g is C40H52O2
E 161g has E number E161g.
E 161g is a synthetic red colorant that is the carotenoid of most intense red color.
E 161g is available in oil-soluble, oil-dispersible, and water-dispersible forms.
E 161g has fair ph, heat, light, and chemical stability with a low tinctorial strength.
unlike the carotenoids beta- carotene and beta-apo-8-carotenal, it does not possess vitamin a activity.
maximum usage level is 66 ppm.
uses include carbonated soft drinks, salad dressing, and spaghetti sauce.
E 161g is not found in wild Atlantic Salmon, but is a minor carotenoid in Pacific Salmon.
E 161g is used in farm-raised trout.
E 161g is used in combination with astaxanthin for some salmon feeds.
Substance identity
EC / List no.: 208-187-2
CAS no.: 514-78-3
Mol. formula: C40H52O2
Hazard classification & labelling of E 161g
According to the majority of notifications provided by companies to ECHA in CLP notifications no hazards have been classified.
E 161g predicted as likely to meet criteria for category 1A or 1B carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, or reproductive toxicity, or with dispersive or diffuse use(s) where predicted likely to meet any classification criterion for health or environmental hazards, or where there is a nanoform soluble in biological and environmental media.
E 161g indicated, in 2009, as being intended to be registered by at least one company in the EEA.
E 161g for which classification and labeling data have been submitted to ECHA in a registration under REACH or notified by manufacturers or importers under CLP.
Such notifications are required for hazardous substances, as such or in mixtures, as well as for all substances subject to registration, regardless of their hazard.
E 161g listed in the EINECS, ELINCS, or NLP inventories.
Synonyms:
4,4'-Dioxo-beta-carotene
all-trans,beta-Carotene-4,4'-dione
beta,beta-Carotene-4,4'-dione
beta,beta-Carotene-4,4'-dione (9CI)
beta-Carotene-4,4'-dione, all-trans-
C.I. Food Orange 8
Cantaxanthin
Cantaxanthine
Canthaxanthin
Canthaxanthin
canthaxanthin
Canthaxanthine
Carophyll Red
Carotene-4,4'-dione, beta-
CI 40850
Food orange 8
L-Orange 7
Orobronze
Ro 1-9915
Roxanthin Red 10
2,4,4-trimethyl-3-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one
2,4,4-trimethyl-3-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxocyclohexen-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one
Canthaxanthin
canthaxanthin
Canthaxantin
514-78-3
Canthaxanthin
514-78-3
Orobronze
Carophyll Red
beta,beta-Carotene-4,4'-dione
Food orange 8
Cantaxanthin
Canthaxanthine
Roxanthin Red 10
Cantaxanthine
L-Orange 7
4,4'-Dioxo-beta-carotene
Canthaxanthin (trans)
CanthaXanthin, Powder
CI 40850
all-trans,beta-Carotene-4,4'-dione
CHEBI:3362
4C3C6403MU
NSC-374110
NCGC00095896-01
2,4,4-trimethyl-3-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxocyclohexen-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one
C.I. Food Orange 8
All-trans-Canthaxanthin
3,3'-((1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaene-1,18-diyl)bis(2,4,4-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one)
Carotene-4,4'-dione, beta-
CCRIS 3276
E 161g
EINECS 208-187-2
NSC 374110
Ro 1-9915
E 161 G
BRN 1898520
beta-CAROTENE-4,4'-DIONE, all-trans-
UNII-4C3C6403MU
CANTHAXANTHIN (euglenanone)
MFCD00016364
CANTHA
KANTAKISANTIN
Canthaxanthin, tech.
LUCANTIN RED
Isomer of Canthaxanthin
4,4'-Diketo-b-carotene
CI-FOOD ORANGE 8
DSSTox_CID_2727
CANTHAXANTHIN [MI]
beta-Carotin-4,4?-dione
CANTHAXANTHIN [FCC]
4,4'-Diketo-beta-carotene
DSSTox_RID_76702
DSSTox_GSID_22727
SCHEMBL19618
4-07-00-02680 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
CANTHAXANTHIN [MART.]
E161g
INS NO.161G
SPECTRUM1504204
CANTHAXANTHIN [WHO-DD]
INS-161G
CHEMBL1329004
DTXSID0022727
SCHEMBL12920083
CANTHAXANTHIN (E 161G)
CI 40850 [INCI]
HMS2089K15
HY-B1960
Tox21_111533
all-trans-beta-carotene-4,4'-dione
Canthaxanthin, >=95.0% (HPLC)
E-161G
LMPR01070264
NSC374110
ZINC17653971
.BETA.-CAROTENE-4,4'-DIONE
4,4'-DIKETO-.BETA.-CAROTENE
CCG-207976
CS-6879
CAS-514-78-3
LS-15425
RO-19915
Canthaxanthin (trans), analytical standard
Canthaxanthine 10 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
CI-(1975)NO.40850
C08583
AB00053349-02
Q385657
W-105885
Canthaxanthine. Short expiry date due to chemical nature of component(s)
3,3'-((1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaene-1,18-diyl)bis(2,4,4-trimethylcyclohex-2-enone)
(7cis,9cis,11cis,13cis)-β,β-Carotene-4,4'-dione [ACD/IUPAC Name]
(7cis,9cis,11cis,13cis)-β,β-Carotène-4,4'-dione [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
(7cis,9cis,11cis,13cis)-β,β-Carotin-4,4'-dion [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
514-78-3 [RN]
β,β-Carotene-4,4'-dione, (7cis,9cis,11cis,13cis)- [ACD/Index Name]
