PRODUCTS

E 211 (SODIUM BENZOATE)

E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is an organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid by a sodium ion.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) has a role as an antimicrobial food preservative, a drug allergen, an EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor, an algal metabolite, a human xenobiotic metabolite and a plant metabolite.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) contains a benzoate.

The sodium salt of BENZOIC ACID.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is used as an antifungal preservative in pharmaceutical preparations and foods.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) may also be used as a test for liver function.

SCAS Number:532-32-1
Molecular Weight:144.10
Beilstein:3572467
EC Number:208-534-8
MDL number:MFCD00012463
eCl@ss:39024301
PubChem Substance ID: 329751625
NACRES: NA.21o
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is benzoic acid compound, which is present in nature in low concentration in such products as prune, cranberry, cinnamon, cloves and apples.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is a resultant of benzoic acid neutralization by sodium hydroxide. Due to good solubility in water, sodium benzoate is used as a food additive more often in comparison with benzoic acid (the additive E210), which offers not only the stronger preservative properties, but also the low level of solubility at the same time.
As for the external appearance, the additive E211 is a white powdery substance without any smell or having slight smell of benzaldehyde.
The chemical formula of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is NaC6H5CO2.

The food additive E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) has a suppressive effect on activity level of enzymes in microbial cells, which are responsible for lipolysis, amylolysis and a course of redox reactions.
Besides, E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is able to produce strong suppressive effect on rain crops, mycelial and aflatoxin fungus as well. Owing to its properties, the additive E211 is used as a preservative in the food industry.
Coming into reaction with ascorbic acid (vitamin C, the additive E300), sodium benzoate can form benzol, which is a potent carcinogen.
According to the data from the research of Peter Piper, British scientist and the professor of Sheffield University, such compound can cause a suppressive DNA damage in mitochondria.
Consequently, a range of serious diseases can be provoked, such as neurodegenerative diseases, cirrhosis, Parkinson’s Disease etc.
The issue of the effect of the additive E211 on the hyperactivity of children is seriously discussed.
In 2007, Food Standards Agency of Great Britain carried out the research in this field.
Nowadays a number of foreign food companies is seeking for the alternative substitution of the additive E211.
Moreover, the E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) can cause the aggravation of diseases and allergic reaction in humans, who have supersensitive skin and suffer from urticarial or asthma.
As has been already mentioned, sodium benzoate is registered as E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) in Europe and in the world and is widely used in food industry as a preservative and color enhancer for meat and fish products, sweet carbonated beverages, ketchups, margarines, fruit goods, soy sauces, mayonnaise and dainties, containing mayonnaise, preserves and others.
The food additive E211 most frequently occurs in such products as mayonnaise, ketchup, margarine, jam, confectionery, canned fish and caviar, marmalade, fruit butter, non-alcoholic beer and alcoholic drinks with alcohol content fifteen percent and less for 200 mg/l, soft drinks and meat products.

Due to E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)'s antibacterial properties, sodium benzoate can be applied in pharmaceutical industry and in production of such cosmetics and toiletry goods as shampoos, gels, toothpastes.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is also used in aircraft industry for protection of galvanic coating and aluminum components.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) can be also applied in fireworks for getting a sound effect.

Production of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is commonly produced by the neutralization of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with benzoic acid (C6H5COOH), which is itself produced commercially by partial oxidation of toluene with oxygen.

Natural occurrence of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)
Many foods are natural sources of benzoic acid, its salts, and its esters.
Fruits and vegetables can be rich sources, particularly berries such as cranberry and bilberry.
Other sources include seafood, such as prawns, and dairy products

Uses of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)
As a preservative
Sodium benzoate can act as a food preservative.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is most widely used in acidic foods such as salad dressings (for example acetic acid in vinegar), carbonated drinks (carbonic acid), jams and fruit juices (citric acid), pickles (acetic acid), condiments, and frozen yogurt toppings.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is also used as a preservative in medicines and cosmetics.
Under these conditions E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is converted into benzoic acid (E210), which is bacteriostatic and fungistatic.
Benzoic acid is generally not used directly due to its poor water solubility. Concentration as a food preservative is limited by the FDA in the U.S. to 0.1% by weight.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is also allowed as an animal food additive at up to 0.1%, per the Association of American Feed Control Officials.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) has been replaced by potassium sorbate in the majority of soft drinks in the United Kingdom.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) was one of the chemicals used in 19th century industrialised food production that was investigated by Dr. Harvey W. Wiley with his famous 'Poison Squad' as part of the US Department of Agriculture.
This led up to the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act, a landmark event in the early history of food regulation in the United States.

In pharmaceuticals
Sodium benzoate is used as a treatment for urea cycle disorders due to its ability to bind amino acids.
This leads to excretion of these amino acids and a decrease in ammonia levels.
Recent research shows that sodium benzoate may be beneficial as an add-on therapy (1 gram/day) in schizophrenia.
Total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores dropped by 21% compared to placebo.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate), along with phenylbutyrate, is used to treat hyperammonemia.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate), along with caffeine, is used to treat postdural puncture headache, respiratory depression associated with overdosage of narcotics, and with ergotamine to treat vascular headache.

Other uses of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is also used in fireworks as a fuel in whistle mix, a powder that emits a whistling noise when compressed into a tube and ignited.

Mechanism of food preservation
The mechanism starts with the absorption of benzoic acid into the cell.
If the intracellular pH falls to 5 or lower, the anaerobic fermentation of glucose through phosphofructokinase decreases sharply, which inhibits the growth and survival of microorganisms that cause food spoilage.

The human body rapidly clears sodium benzoate by combining it with glycine to form hippuric acid which is then excreted.
The metabolic pathway for this begins with the conversion of benzoate by butyrate-CoA ligase into an intermediate product, benzoyl-CoA, which is then metabolized by glycine N-acyltransferase into hippuric acid.

Association with benzene in soft drinks
Main article: Benzene in soft drinks
In combination with ascorbic acid (vitamin C, E300), sodium benzoate and potassium benzoate may form benzene.
In 2006, the Food and Drug Administration tested 100 beverages available in the United States that contained both ascorbic acid and benzoate. Four had benzene levels that were above the 5 ppb Maximum Contaminant Level set by the Environmental Protection Agency for drinking water.
Most of the beverages that tested above the limit have been reformulated and subsequently tested below the safety limit.
Heat, light and shelf life can increase the rate at which benzene is formed.

Hyperactivity
Research published in 2007 for the UK's Food Standards Agency (FSA) suggests that certain artificial colors, when paired with sodium benzoate, may be linked to hyperactive behavior.
The results were inconsistent regarding sodium benzoate, so the FSA recommended further study.
The Food Standards Agency concluded that the observed increases in hyperactive behavior, if real, were more likely to be linked to the artificial colors than to sodium benzoate.
The report's author, Jim Stevenson from Southampton University, said: "The results suggest that consumption of certain mixtures of artificial food colours and sodium benzoate preservative are associated with increases in hyperactive behaviour in children.
Many other influences are at work but this at least is one a child can avoid.

Uses of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)
Food.
In the food industry, sodium benzoate is used to prevent spoilage from harmful bacteria, yeasts, and molds.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) also helps maintain freshness in food by helping to slow or prevent changes in color, flavor, PH, and texture.

Other foods that commonly include sodium benzoate include:
Salad dressings
Pickles
Sauces
Condiments
Fruit juices
Wines
Snack foods
Drink.

E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is used as a preservative in soft drinks to increase the acidity flavor and as a preservative to extend the shelf life.

Coca-Cola.
Sodium benzoate, potassium benzoate, and potassium sorbate are the three common preservatives in Coca-Cola’s drink.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is used to protect the taste and it's used as an antimicrobial agent.
Additionally, we can commonly find sodium benzoate in the ingredient lists of Fanta and Sprite.

PepsiCo.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is also used to preserve freshness in Pepsi carbonated soft drinks.
However, E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is used less in PepsiCo’s popular sodas, Diet Pepsi and Pepsi, which use potassium benzoate as the main preservative.

Cosmetics.
Like food and drink products, cosmetics also need preservatives to prevent the growth of bacteria.
Preservative-free, natural products cannot be stored for a long time.

Personal care products.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) can be used as an anti-corrosive and preservative in a large variety of personal care products such as:
Mouthwash
Hair products
Sunscreen
Moisturizers
Serums
Baby wipes
Toothpaste.
To inhibit the growth of microorganisms in toothpaste, producers usually add a certain amount of preservatives. When considering the antimicrobial effect, safety, and price, sodium benzoate is often the better choice compared with other commonly used preservatives in toothpaste.

Pharmaceuticals.
Sodium benzoate can also be used in pharmaceutical products for its antimicrobial properties, such as in the formulation of tablets, capsules, and cough syrup.

Identifiers of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)
CAS Number: 532-32-1
CHEBI:113455
ChEMBL1356
ChemSpider: 10305
ECHA InfoCard: 100.007.760
E number: E211 (preservatives)
PubChem CID: 517055
RTECS number: DH6650000
UNII: OJ245FE5EU
DTXSID1020140

Properties of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)
Chemical formula: C7H5NaO2
Molar mass: 144.105 g·mol−1
Appearance: white or colorless crystalline powder
Odor: odorless
Density: 1.497 g/cm3
Melting point: 410 °C (770 °F; 683 K)
Solubility in water: 62.65 g/100 mL (0 °C)
62.84 g/100 mL (15 °C)
62.87 g/100 mL (30 °C)
74.2 g/100 mL (100 °C)[1]
Solubility: soluble in liquid ammonia, pyridine
Solubility in methanol: 8.22 g/100 g (15 °C)
7.55 g/100 g (66.2 °C)
Solubility in ethanol
2.3 g/100 g (25 °C)
8.3 g/100 g (78 °C)
Solubility in 1,4-Dioxane: 0.818 mg/kg (25 °C

CAS Number: 532-32-1
Molecular Weight: 144.10
EC Number: 208-534-8

Name of Food Additive:
SB33 Liquid Sodium Benzoate

Component List:
Water, Sodium Benzoate (33%)

E Code: E211
The net amount: 1 liter
Physical Structure: Liquid

Lot Number: Lot numbers of all raw materials and packaging materials are recorded for retrospective traceability.

The lot number of the product is located on the product packaging.

Functional Class of Food Additive:
Protectors

Foods to which Food Additive can be added:
It is used in permitted finished products, taking into account the relevant limitations, in accordance with the regulations in the Turkish Food Codex, Food Additives Regulation and vertical communiqués.
When the necessary information cannot be obtained in the regulations and communiqués, the regulatory authorities of the relevant country can be consulted.

Special Storage/Use Conditions:
Keep closed in a dry and cool place.

Origin:
Turkey (The origin of the main component of the food is different from the origin of the final product.)

Usage Instruction:
In accordance with the Turkish Food Codex Regulation on Food Additives, in the vertical communiqués regarding the finished product produced or planned to be produced.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) should be used considering the foods to which it can be added, usage conditions, maximum amounts and restrictions.
If E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is planned to be used in countries other than Turkey, the legal regulations of the relevant country should be taken into consideration.
Product performance may differ depending on production conditions, structure and performance of machinery and equipment, seasonal variables and other raw materials.
Before determining the most appropriate amount of use, trials should be carried out with minimum amounts, taking into account the restrictions specified in the Turkish Food Codex Regulation on Food Additives.

Usage Area/Sales Purpose:
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is for use in food.

Technical information:
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) solution is a 33% aqueous solution of sodium benzoate used in the food and pharmaceutical industry.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) solution can be used directly without any pretreatment during production preparation and production, therefore, it saves both time and labor.

SODIUM BENZOATE: PRESERVATIVE FOR 'ACIDIC' PRODUCTS

Sodium benzoate is an excipient that is widely used nowadays. The white powder is used as a preservative against yeasts, moulds and bacteria by inhibiting their growth.
You use them with slightly acidic to neutral products with a maximum pH value of 5.
You add 0.5 to 1 gram per kilogram of food. It does not make sense to apply this additive to foods with a higher pH value.
This is because the additive is only effective in an acidic environment.
You can order it online at Natural Spices in various pack sizes.

WHERE DOES E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) COME FROM?
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is synthesised or artificially prepared from the substances benzoic acid and sodium hydroxide.
These occur naturally in most types of fruit, but also in mushrooms and cloves, for example.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is the sodium salt of benzoic acid.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) has been labelled as a safe excipient by the European Commission and has been assigned the E number 211.
You use it in products such as jams and fruit juices.

THE EFFECT OF SODIUM BENZOATE
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is much better than benzoic acid at dissolving in water.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is one of its most characteristic physical properties.
Although the excipient E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) conserves slightly better than sodium benzoate, you can compensaté for this by either using a little more or lowering the pH by adding an acid to your product.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) should not be added in too high concentrations as it has a slightly sweet, bitter taste. This can significantly alter the taste of your food. Studies have also shown that you should not combine sodium benzoate with vitamin C, as this can lead to the formation of a harmful substance (benzene).
Never combine sodium benzoate with vitamin C-based excipients, such as ascorbic acid.

Origin of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate):
Benzoic acid, benzoates and benzoic acid esters are commonly found in most fruits, especially berries.
Cranberries are a very rich source of benzoic acid.
In addition to fruits, benzoates occur naturally in mushrooms, cinnamon, cloves and some dairy products (as a result of bacterial fermentation).
For commercial purposes, it is prepared chemically from toluene.

Function & characteristics of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate):
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) and benzoates are used as preservatives against both yeasts and bacteria in acidic products.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) are not very effective against fungi, and ineffective in products with a pH above 5 (slightly acidic or neutral).
High concentrations have an acid taste, which limits the application. Benzoates are often preferred, due to better solubility.

Products of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate):
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) and benzoates are used in a wide range of acid or slightly acidic products.

Daily intake:
Up to 5 mg/kg body weight.

Side effects of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate):
No side effects in the concentrations used. In some people benzoic acid and benzoates may liberate histamine and thus cause pseudo-allergic reactions.

Dietary restrictions of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate):
None – benzoic acid and benzoates can be consumed by all religious groups, vegans and vegetarians.

What is Sodium benzoate E211?
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is used as food preservative with an E number of E211.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is a food grade preservative generally regarded as safe (GRAS) worldwide.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is the sodium salt of benzoic acid E210 and synthesized by reacting sodium hydroxide with benzoic acid.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) has effective antimicrobial action against yeasts, molds, food poisoning bacteria and spore-forming bacteria.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is not effective against food spoilage bacteria like clostridia or lactic acid bacteria.

Sodium benzoate ph range
Sodium benzoate E211 is not recommended as a food preservative at pH ranges higher than 4.5.
The best PH value is 2.5 ~ 4.0.
The effectiveness of sodium benzoate E211 as a preservative increases with decreasing pH (increasing acidity).
This is because the ratio of undissociated benzoic acid to ionized benzoic acid increases as the pH decreases.

Sodium benzoate concentration of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is normally used in concentrations of 0.5 – 1.5 %.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) has been generally reported to be used at concentrations below 3%.

What is E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) made of
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is made of by chemical synthesis, and the manufacturing process is through Benzoic acid E210 and sodium bicarbonate reaction.

Mechanism of preservative action of benzoates
Mechanism of preservative action of benzoates or sodium benzoate mechanism of action depends on the undissociated molecules, the lipophilic of not dissociable Benzoic acid E210 is strong, and easy to pass through the cell membrane, then enter into the cell, interfering with the mold and bacteria and other microbial cell membrane permeability, hindering the absorption of cell membrane against amino acids.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) which access to intracellular cell, can acid intracellular storage and inhibit the activity of respiratory enzymes in microbial cells, which play a preservative effect.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) are broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent that works well against yeasts, molds, and some bacteria, and inhibits various bacteria at pH 4 – 5 below the maximum allowable range of use.

History of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)
The history of Sodium benzoate E211 begins discovered by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the 1990’s.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) was manufactured by adding sodium hydroxide or sodium bicarbonate to benzoic acid. The FDA discovered sodium benzoate can react with ascorbic acid (vitamin C) to form the carcinogen benzene.

E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) physical properties
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is a white granular or crystalline powder that is odorless or slightly hypoallergenic with a slightly sweet, astringent taste.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) molecular weight is 144.12.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is stable in the air, soluble in water, the pH of its aqueous solution is 8, soluble in ethanol.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) E210 and its salts are broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents, but their antibacterial effectiveness depends on the pH of the food. With the increase of medium acidity, the bactericidal effect will be enhanced, but bactericidal and antibacterial effects will be lost in alkaline medium. The best PH value is 2.5 ~ 4.0 for preservative effect.

Molar mass of sodium benzoate：144.10 g·mol−1
Sodium benzoate melting point：410 °C (770 °F; 683 K)
Sodium benzoate density：1.497 g/cm3
Sodium benzoate pka: The pKa of benzoic acid is 4.2.
Sodium benzoate chemical structure
Sodium benzoate chemical formula: C7H5NaO2
Sodium benzoate cas no: 532-32-1
Sodium benzoate boiling point: not available
Sodium benzoate stability: it is stable Stored in cool, dry and ventilated place.
Sodium benzoate MSDS: https://www.foodsweeteners.com/sodium-benzoate-msds/
Sodium benzoate solubility in water:
62.69 g/100 mL (0 °C)
62.78 g/100 mL (15 °C)
62.87 g/100 mL (30 °C)
71.11 g/100 mL (100 °C)

E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) Use & Application
What is E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) used for in food?
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is bacteriostatic and fungistatic under acidic conditions.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is widely used as safe preservative in acidic foods such as salad dressings (vinegar), carbonated drinks (carbonic acid), jams and fruit juices (citric acid), pickles (vinegar), and condiments.

Sodium benzoate E211 and Benzoic acid E210 are widely used as preservative in the preservation of foodstuffs, but are used in limited quantities in some food and in some countries.
Benzoic acid and Sodium benzoate is generally used in acidic PH products like carbonated drinks, soy sauce, sauces, preserves and fruit and vegetable drinks, etc.
Benzoic acid and Sodium benzoate can be used synergistically with paraben in soy sauce and beverages. Benzoic acid and sodium benzoate commonly used in the preservation of acidic pH fruit, jam, beverage syrup memory of other acidic foods, can be combined with low temperature sterilization, play a synergistic role.
Benzoic acid E210 and Sodium benzoate E211 are widely used as preservatives in the preservation of foodstuffs, but are used in limited quantities in some foods in some countries.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is not recommended as a food preservative at pH ranges higher than 4.5.
The best PH value is 2.5 ~ 4.0.
So the effect is better in strong acid foods. sodium benzoate is generally used in carbonated drinks, soy sauce, sauces, preserves and fruit and vegetable drinks, etc.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate): In combination with ascorbic acid (vitamin C, E300), sodium benzoate and potassium benzoate may form benzene, a known carcinogen.
When tested by the FDA, most beverages that contained both ascorbic acid and benzoate had benzene levels that were below those considered dangerous for consumption by the World Health Organization (5 ppb)

What Foods Contain E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)?
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) commonly used in the preservation of high acid fruit, soda, soft drinks, soy milk, jam, pickles, toothpaste, mouthwash, cough syrup, fish products, skin care, hair products, shampoo.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) benzoate can be combined to use in low temperature sterilization, play a synergistic role.

How much sodium benzoate to use as preservative

In Beverage
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is the standard food preservative used in carbonated beverages.
The concentration is around 0.03% to 0.08 % is used for the finished products.
Non-carbonated beverages normally require somewhat higher concentrations of 0.05% to 0.1 % sodium benzoate in the finished products.

In Cider
Concentrations of sodium benzoate as low as 0.04 %.

Margarine
sodium benzoate is allowed as a preservative up to 0.1 %.

In Syrups
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) may be used to inhibit microbial growth in these syrups at levels of about 0.1 % at pH values below 4.5.
In chocolate syrups and other fountain syrups with pH values above 4.5, sodium benzoate may be used in conjunction with other preservatives that are more effective in that pH range.

How much E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) to use in juice: sodium benzoate will be used at levels of 0.05% to 0.1 % to preserve these products.

E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) Function
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)'s usage level in most kinds of food is 0.05–-0.1%. Sodium benzoate is used in acidified foods, such as carbonated beverages, fruit juices, cider, pickles, and sauerkraut.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is low in cost.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) has a considerable synergistic effect with sodium benzoate.

When used in oil-in-water emulsions, like mayonnaise, sodium benzoate is used in combination with potassium sorbate.
This mixture has a stronger effect against acid-producing bacteria than either of the two preservatives individually.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is ineffective against oxidation and enzymatic spoilage. When used in fruit products, sodium benzoate is usually combined with small quantities of sulfur dioxide or other antioxidants.

E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) benefits
The benefit of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is to extend food shelf life.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) has effective antimicrobial action against yeasts, molds, food poisoning bacteria and spore-forming bacteria.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is not effective against food spoilage bacteria like clostridia or lactic acid bacteria.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is a sodium salt of benzoic acid, which is naturally occurring in apples, cranberries, plums, ripe cloves, and cinnamon in low levels, and is often produced synthetically by reacting Benzoic Acid with Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH).
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is used as a food, medicine, and cosmetic preservative as a bacteriostatic and fungistatic, both of which reduce or limit the growth or bacteria or fungi by interacting with protein production, metabolism and DNA replication, without otherwise harming the bacteria or fungi.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)'s use is limited as a preservative by the FDA to 0.1% of a formula by weight.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is generally regarded as safe by the FDA, however, when combined with ingredients such as Vitamin C or E it can react to form benzene, a known carcinogen.

Preservatives are added to cosmetics, personal care products, and food to maintain a products integrity and stability by inhibiting or reducing the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungus (FDA).
Most products sold via retail sit for extended periods of time during shipping, in a warehouse, and on store shelfs that allow enough time for a product to spoil or cause microbial growth which render the product unfit for use.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) has the chemical formula NaC6H5CO2; it is a widely used food preservative, with E number E211.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is the sodium salt of benzoic acid and exists in this form when dissolved in water.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) can be produced by reacting sodium hydroxide with benzoic acid.

Uses of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is a preservative.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is bacteriostatic and fungistatic under acidic conditions.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is most widely used in acidic foods such as salad dressings (vinegar), carbonated drinks (carbonic acid), jams and fruit juices (citric acid), pickles (vinegar), and condiments.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is also used as a preservative in medicines and cosmetics.[1][2] As a food additive, sodium benzoate has the E number E211.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is also used in fireworks as a fuel in whistle mix, a powder that emits a whistling noise when compressed into a tube and ignited.
The fuel is also one of the fastest burning rocket fuels and provides a lot of thrust and smoke.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) does have its downsides: there is a high danger of explosion when the fuel is sharply compressed because of the fuel's sensitivity to impact.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is produced by the neutralization of benzoic acid with sodium hydroxide.
Benzoic acid is detectable at low levels in cranberries, prunes, greengage plums, cinnamon, ripe cloves, and apples. Though benzoic acid is a more effective preservative, sodium benzoate is more commonly used as a food additive because benzoic acid does not dissolve well in water.
Concentration as a preservative is limited by the FDA in the U.S. to 0.1% by weight. The International Programme on Chemical Safety found no adverse effects in humans at doses of 647–825 mg/kg of body weight per day.
Cats have a significantly lower tolerance against benzoic acid and its salts than rats and mice.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is, however, allowed as an animal food additive at up to 0.1%, according to AFCO's official publication

Product Information of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)
CAS number: 532-32-1
EC number: 208-534-8
Hill Formula: C₇H₅NaO₂
Chemical formula: C₆H₅COONa
Molar Mass: 144.10 g/mol
HS Code 2916: 31 00

Physicochemical Information of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)
Density: 1.50 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Ignition temperature >500 °C
Melting Point: 436 °C
pH value: 8 (100 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Bulk density: 350 kg/m3
Solubility: 556 g/l

Toxicological Information
LD 50 oral: LD50 Rat 3140 mg/kg
Safety Information according to GHS
Hazard Pictogram(s)
Hazard Statement(s)
H319: Causes serious eye irritation.
Precautionary Statement(s)
P305 + P351 + P338: IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
Signal Word: Warning

Storage class: 10 - 13 Other liquids and solids
Disposal: 3
Relatively unreactive organic reagents should be collected in container A.
If halogenated, they should be collected in container B.
For solid residues use container C.

Safety Information of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)
Hazard Symbols Irritant
R Phrase R 36
Irritating to eyes.

Storage and Shipping Information of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)
Storage Store at +2°C to +25°C.

Specifications of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)
Assay (acidimetric, calc. on anhydrous substance): 99.0 - 100.5 %
Assay (HPLC, calc. on anhydrous substance): 99.0 - 101.0 %
Identity: passes test
Appearance of solution (100 g/l, water) passes test
Acidity or alkalinity: passes test
Chloride (Cl): ≤ 0.02 %
Sulphate (SO₄): ≤ 0.01 %
Total chlorine: ≤ 0.03 %
Heavy metals (as Pb): ≤ 10 ppm
As (Arsenic): ≤ 1 ppm
Cd (Cadmium): ≤ 10 ppm
Cu (Copper): ≤ 10 ppm
Hg (Mercury): ≤ 1 ppm
Pb (Lead): ≤ 2 ppm
Zn (Zinc): ≤ 10 ppm
Benzene: ≤ 2 ppm
Toluene: ≤ 890 ppm
Other residual solvents (ICH Q3C): excluded by production process
Multinuclear acids: passes test
Oxidizable matter: passes test
Water (according to Karl Fischer): ≤ 1.5 %Product Information
CAS number: 532-32-1
EC number: 208-534-8
Grade: Ph Eur,BP,NF,FCC,E 211
Hill Formula: C₇H₅NaO₂
Chemical formula: C₆H₅COONa
Molar Mass: 144.10 g/mol
HS Code: 2916 31 00

Physicochemical Information of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)
Density: 1.50 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Ignition temperature: >500 °C
Melting Point: 436 °C
pH value: 8 (100 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Bulk density: 350 kg/m3
Solubility: 556 g/l

Toxicological Information of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)
Hazard Statement(s)
H319: Causes serious eye irritation.
Precautionary Statement(s)
P305 + P351 + P338
IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.
Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do.
Continue rinsing.

Signal Word: Warning
RTECS: DH6650000
Storage class: 10 - 13 Other liquids and solids

Disposal: 3
Relatively unreactive organic reagents should be collected in container A.
If halogenated, they should be collected in container B.
For solid residues use container C.

Safety Information of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)
Hazard Symbols: Irritant
Irritating to eyes.
Storage and Shipping Information
Storage Store at +2°C to +25°C.

Transport Information of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)

DESCRIPTION of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is a commonly used preservative that ensures the freshness of the products.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) inhibits the growth of cells of yeast, fungi and some bacteria. It is naturally found in blueberries, raisins and spices (cloves, cinnamon).

In the food industry is used as a preservative for fatty foods, mayonnaise, fruit products, meat, fish, beverages, puree; Also found in: sauces, caviar, fruit cakes, marinated cucumbers and olives, shrimp, pineapple juice, canned food, spices.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is used to protect different varieties of mold from tobacco.
Due to E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)'s antiseptic properties, the substance is used in pharmaceuticals (as an expectorant in cough syrups).
The chemical industry is used in the production of adhesives, colorants, polymer stabilizers.

Product Description of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) powder - a food grade substance used as an additive to food and feed. Sodium benzoate in the food industry is used as a food preservative.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) reduces the growth of bacterial flora, mold and yeast. It is widely used in the production of sweetened beverages and is marked on the label with the symbol E211.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) - is in the form of a white powder, which has the strongest effect at slightly acidic pH.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) dissolves well in water and weaker in organic solvents. Sodium benzoate preserves fruit and vegetable preserves, salads, fish marinades.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is also used for preserving fruit yogurt, beer and olives.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is not harmful to the environment and accumulates in water and soil.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) also does not accumulate in the human body. Acceptable daily dose of sodium benzoate is 5 mg / kg body weight.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is also used in the cosmetics, pharmaceutical industry and as a component of anti-corrosion agents.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is used in the production of plastics as an additive improving their strength and purity.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is also used in pyrotechnics.

Features of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate):
CAS: 532-32-1
Appearance: White crystalline powder
The content of the main ingredient: 99-100%
Chemical formula: C7H5O2Na
Molar mass: 144.1 g / mol
Chlorinated organic compounds: max. 0.06%

Product name: Sodium benzonate , E211 , Sodium benzonate 25kg

Information of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)
Sodium benzoate is used as preservative E211.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is the sodium salt of benzoic acid.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) can be prepared by reaction between sodium hydroxide and benzoic acid.
Industrially, E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is produced by neutralizing benzoic acid, which is produced by partial oxidation of toluene with oxygen.

Usage of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is most commonly used in acidic foods such as carbonated beverages, jams and fruit juices (citric acid), pickled cucumbers (acetic acid). It is used in acidic foods because it is easier to react and produces benzoic acid, which prevents the growth of bacteria and fungi.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is also used as a preservative in some cosmetics and medicines.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is used to treat urea cycle disorders because of its ability to bind amino acids.
The body is then able to exclude these amino acids, thereby reducing the level of ammonia in the body.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is added to the fireworks fuel mixture, which gives a squeaking sound when E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) burns.

Specification
Chemical formula: C7H5NaO2
CAS number: 532-32-1
ES number: 208-534-8
Contents Sodium benzonate 99,0-100,5%
Appearance: White, nearly odorless powder, granular, crystalline
Melting: 122,5-123,5°C

E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is the sodium salt of benzoic acid , it has been used by food manufacturers for over 80 years to inhibit microbial growth.
Sodium benzoate can prevent growth of almost all microorganisms.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) operates best in an acidic environment.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is freely found in nature, and in fact, even organically grown cranberries or prunes can very high levels.

Within the food industry, E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)'s use is therefore restricted to such foods as preserves, jams, salad dressing, fruit juices, pickles, and carbonated drinks; however, it will functionally work well in the proper acidic conditions, with good dispersion

Why do we need to use E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)?
The spoilage of food and beverages is easily caused by the reaction of enzymes.
Enzymes act as catalysts and cause chemical changes in food. Enzymes in food caused by bacteria (Bacteria)
Fungi (Molds) and yeast (Yeast) occurs when food is exposed to air or during cooking.
Eliminating spoilage enzymes in the diet can be achieved by the following methods.
The sterilized by heating, irradiation.
Use a cooler to reduce or stop the growth of microorganisms. (Microorganisms)
Drying to reduce or stop the chemical reaction.
The use of preserving chemicals to inhibit the growth of microorganisms.

E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is an aromatic carboxylic acid. It is found naturally in a wide range of foods, especially fruits and vegetables.
Berries are particularly rich in benzoic acid. Dairy products like yogurt, milk, and cheese, and aromatic spices such as cinnamon also contain it.
One of its salts and derivatives—sodium benzoate— is used widely in the food industry as a food preservative.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is a product of the neutralization of benzoic acid. (See next section for the manufacturing process).
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is a white and odorless crystalline powder or granule, and has a sweet yet astringent taste.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is true that this preservative does not occur naturally, hence man-made.

In the food industry, E211 is the E number assigned for sodium benzoate.
E numbers correspond to food additives that are used in the European Union (EU).
The other salts of benzoic acid used in food preservation is potassium benzoate (E212) and calcium benzoate (E213).
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) has the capability to inhibit the growth of potentially harmful microorganisms.
However, acidic foods are the more common applications of sodium benzoate. More specifically, sodium benzoate is a regular in acidic foods including:
Pickles
Salad dressings
Condiments
Sodas
Jams and jellies
Fruit juices
Snacks
Food must have a pH of at least 4.5 to be more effective.
The lower pH, the more effective sodium benzoate is in food preservation.

E 211 (Sodium Benzoate), food preservative, sodium benzoic acid, organic chemical.
In E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)'s natural form, benzoate anion is found in berries, cranberries, mushrooms, cinnamon, cloves, and in minimal amounts also in some dairy products.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is used in the processing of fruit and vegetables; in canned fish, for the production of sweet carbonated and non-carbonated drinks, juices, margarines, mayonnaises, cheeses, marinades, all kinds of sauces.
In the bakery industry, E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is used as malt extract.
Sodium benzoate as a preservative is very well absorbed by the digestive system.
Sodium benzoate is also used in the medical industry, among others as a disinfectant ingredient.
In agriculture, E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is used as a feed additive with anti-mold and anti-fungal effect, E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is compatible with lactic acid bacteria added during ensiling.
Used when pickling maize, E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) limits alcoholic fermentation.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is also used as an addition to plastics.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) dissolves well in water.

Features of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate):
Chemical name: Food grade sodium benzoate E211
CAS No: 532-32-1
Form: solid, granules
Grocery min. 99.5%
pH value about 8.0
Unit packaging: 25 kg bag, 40 bags on the pallet.

Uses of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)
Sodium benzoate is used as a preservative.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is not bactericidal, only bacteriostatic.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) has fungistatic activity.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is effective only in acidic conditions (pH< 3.6) making its use most prevalent in foods such as preserves, salad dressings (vinegar), carbonated drinks (carbonic acid), jams (citric acid), fruit juices (citric acid), pickles (vinegar), and Chinese food sauces (soy, mustard, and duck).
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is also found in alcohol-based mouthwash and silver polish. Sodium benzoate is used in many soft drinks and can be identified on the label of the bottle or can as 'sodium benzoate' or E211.
The taste of sodium benzoate cannot be detected by around 25 percent of the population, but for those who can taste the chemical, it tends to be perceived as sweet, salty, or sometimes bitter.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is also used in fireworks as a fuel in whistle mix, a powder which imparts a whistling noise when compressed into a tube and ignited.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is found naturally in cranberries, prunes, greengage plums, cinnamon, ripe cloves, and apples. Concentration as a preservative is limited by the FDA in the U.S. to 0.1% by weight though organically-grown cranberries and prunes can conceivably contain levels exceeding this limit.
The International Programme on Chemical Safety found no adverse effects in humans at doses of 647-825 mg/kg of body weight per day.
Cats have a significantly lower tolerance against benzoic acid and its salts than rats and mice.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is, however, allowed as an animal food additive at up to 0.1%, according to AFCO's official publication.

Mechanism of food preservation of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)
The mechanism starts with the absorption of benzoic acid into the cell.
If the intracellular pH changes to 5 or lower, the anaerobic fermentation of glucose through phosphofructokinase is decreased by 95%.

Safety and health of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)
Main article: benzene in soft drinks
In combination with ascorbic acid (vitamin C, E300), sodium benzoate and potassium benzoate "may" form benzene[6], a known carcinogen.
Heat, light and shelf life can affect the rate at which benzene is formed.

E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is a widely used food preservative, with an E number of E211.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is the sodium salt of benzoic acid and exists in this form when dissolved in water. It can be produced by reacting sodium hydroxide with benzoic acid.

USES of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate):
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is a preservative.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is bacteriostatic and fungistatic under acidic conditions.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is used most prevalently in acidic foods such as salad dressings (vinegar), carbonated drinks (carbonic acid), jams and fruit juices (citric acid), pickles (vinegar), and condiments.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is also found in alcohol-based mouthwash and silver polish.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is used as a treatment for urea cycle disorders due to its ability to bind amino acids.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is also used in fireworks as a fuel in whistle mix, a powder which emits a whistling noise when compressed into a tube and ignited.

Properties of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)
Sodium benzoate has the chemical formula NaC7H5O2; it is a widely used food preservative, with E number E211.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is the sodium salt of benzoic acid and exists in this form when dissolved in water.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) can be produced by reacting sodium hydroxide with benzoic acid. Benzoic acid occurs naturally at low levels in cranberries, prunes, greengage plums, cinnamon, ripe cloves, and apples.

Application of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)
Preservative of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is a preservative. As a food additive, sodium benzoate has the E number E211.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is bacteriostatic and fungistatic under acidic conditions.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is most widely used in acidic foods such as salad dressings (vinegar), carbonated drinks (carbonic acid), jams and fruit juices (citric acid), pickles (vinegar), and condiments.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is also used as a preservative in medicines and cosmetics.
Concentration as a preservative is limited by the FDA in the U.S. to 0.1% by weight.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is also allowed as an animal food additive at up to 0.1%, according to AFCO's official publication.

Pharmaceutical applications of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is used as a treatment for urea cycle disorders due to its ability to bind amino acids.
This leads to excretion of these amino acids and a decrease in ammonia levels.
Recent research shows that sodium benzoate may be beneficial as an add-on therapy (1 gram/day) in schizophrenia.
Total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores dropped by 21% compared to placebo.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is used to treat hyperammonemia.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) has been shown to halt the progression of Parkinson's in mice.

E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is the sodium salt of benzoic acid.
At room temperature it looks like a solid white odourless.
Together with Parahydroxybenzoate it is part of the category of the antimicrobial preservatives based on benzoic acid.
Thanks to its bacteriostatic and Fungistatic properties.
A bacteriostatic agent such as sodium benzoate is an antimicrobial agent, such as some metals, capable of inhibiting or limiting bacterial replication.

However, there is no clear distinction between the two categories because, for example, high concentrations of certain bacteriostatic agents are bacterial, while low concentrations of certain bactericidal agents are only Bacteriostatic.
Some antimicrobiics are then bacteriostatic for some microbial species, and bactericides for others.
A further complication is given by the acquisition of resistance to an antimicrobial by bacteria, which erase the bactericidal action.
Some modifications to the bacterial metabolism made by the acquisition of resistance to an antimicrobial, however, restrict or slow the growth of the bacterium itself, thus indirectly making the antimicrobial a bacteriostatic bland.

What is E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)?
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate), the sodium salt of benzoic acid, is a large-scale used food preservative with the European food additive number E211.

How is E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) Made?
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) can be chemically synthesized by the reaction between benzoic acid with sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, or sodium hydroxide.

Functions of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate):
Antioxidant - Reduces oxidation to prevent the formation of free radicals which may be harmful to health.
Bacteriostatic Agent - Prevents, slows or inhibits bacteria growth
Drug / Medicine - Treats, alleviate, cure, or prevents sickness. As officially declared by a governmental drug/medicine regulatory body
Preservative - Prevents and inhibits the growth of unwanted microorganisms which may be harmful
Sodium benzoate is the sodium salt of benzoic acid and exists in this form when dissolved in water.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is a preservative (E number 211) commonly used in foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is mostly used in acidic foods such as salad dressings (i.e. acetic acid in vinegar), carbonated drinks (carbonic acid), jams and fruit juices (citric acid), pickles (acetic acid), condiments, and animal food additive.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is approved to use a food additive and cosmetics preservative in EU and recognized as safe food substance in US.

Nine Facts about Sodium Benzoate, a Preservative
Sodium Benzoate (E211) is a preservative used to prevent food from molding.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is especially used to preserve acidic foods and beverages such as pickles, salad dressings, fruit juices, and soft drinks.
An unfortunate side effect is that when mixed with ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) sodium benzoate transforms into benzene, a known carcinogen and DNA damager.
The rate at which benzene is formed is affected by light and heat, as well as the time spent on a shelf from production to consumption.
The FDA has limited usage of sodium benzoate to 0.1% of a product by weight. The limit for safe drinking water as set by the US government is less than 5 parts per billion (far less tolerance).
Some studies have shown that sodium benzoate along with artificial food colorings can cause children with ADHD to be more hyperactive.
Coca Cola announced in 2008 that it would remove sodium benzoate from its products by the end of the the year.
A close relative of sodium benzoate is pottasium benzoate (E212), also known as benzoic acid.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is found naturally in tiny amounts in fruits such as cranberries, prunes, and apples.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is a salt of benzoic acid found with the chemical formula C7H5NaO2, and is a white salt, odorless in crystalline, and found as powder or grain.
This compound is dissolved easily in water but is hardly dissolved in ethanol. Its molecular weight is 114.11 and its solubility is enhanced by increasing water temperature.
Ninety-nine percent of this compound is dry and the amount of benzoic acid is 84.7% and is specified in food products by E-211.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is found in small quantities in plums, tomatoes, cinnamon, cloves and apple. Benzoic acid is formed in fermented dairy products by lactic acid bacteria, although anaerobic processes such as the metabolism of phenol can interfere in the formation of benzoic acid in cheese.
Although E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)is the most effective preservative, yet salt is used in it to dissolve easily in water, as it does not dissolve well in water.

Product description of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate):
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is a benzoic acid compound present in nature in a low concentration in products such as prunes, cranberry cinnamon, cloves, apples.
In appearance, the additive E211 is a white powdery substance that is odorless or has a slight odor of benzaldehyde.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) has an overwhelming effect on the level of enzyme activity in microbial cells responsible for the breakdown of fats and starches, as well as the course of oxidation-reduction reactions.
In addition, sodium benzoate can exert a strong inhibitory effect on yeast cultures and mold, including aflatoxin-forming.
Due to E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)'s properties, the E211 additive is used in the food industry as a preservative.

E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is found in such products: mayonnaise, ketchup, margarine, jam, confectionery, canned fish and caviar, marmalade, fruit pastes, non-alcoholic beer and alcoholic drinks, soft drinks, meat products.
Due to E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)'s antibacterial properties, sodium benzoate has found application in pharmaceuticals and the production of cosmetic and hygiene products, such as shampoos, gels, toothpastes.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is also used in the aviation industry to protect galvanic coatings and aluminum parts. Used sodium benzoate and in fireworks, to obtain a sound effect.

E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) in Food
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is primarily added to acidic foods to enhance their flavor.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) can be found in foods such as pickles, sauces, jams and fruit juices, per the FDA.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) preserves food because it has anti-fungal properties, protecting foods from invasion by fungi that cause it to spoil and potentially make you sick.

Sodium benzoate works by entering the individual cells in the food and balancing its pH level, increasing the overall acidity of the food.
By lowering the intracellular pH of certain foods, sodium benzoate creates an environment in which fungi cannot grow and spread.
Foods that are made with vinegar, such as salad dressings, typically have very high levels of sodium benzoate. Benzene, a precursor to sodium benzoate, can be found in very small amounts naturally in some fruits, vegetables, meats, dairy products and even drinking water.

Soft Drinks
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is heavily used by the soft drink industry due because of the high-fructose corn syrup used in carbonated drinks, according to the International Program on Chemical Safety.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) increases the acidity of soft drinks, which also increases the intensity of flavor you get from the high-fructose corn syrup. On the back of a soda can, you can find sodium benzoate in the ingredients list as E211, which is the number assigned to it as a food additive.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is also used in medicines, dye manufacturing, tobacco products and as a rust and mildew inhibitor. Sodium benzoate in food can be toxic when combined with other foods containing vitamin C, according to the FDA.

Sodium benzoate is the sodium salt of benzoic acid.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is approved as a food additive with E 211 number. Sodium benzoate has a bacteriostatic and fungi-static.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is therefore as a food additive for the preservation of food (efficiency optimum at pH < 3.6) used.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is used in pyrotechnics as fuel, usually in connection with fire-promotional potassium perchlorate.
In the synthesis of polypropylene, E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) serves as nucleating agents.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is used in medicine in combination with L-arginine hydrochloride as emergency medicine for the treatment of hyperammonemia.

Natural occurrence of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)
Many foods are natural sources of benzoic acid, its salts, and its esters.
Fruits and vegetables can be rich sources, particularly berries such as cranberry and bilberry. Other sources include seafood, such as prawns, and dairy products.[citation needed]

Uses of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)
As a preservative
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) can act as a food preservative.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is most widely used in acidic foods such as salad dressings (for example acetic acid in vinegar), carbonated drinks (carbonic acid), jams and fruit juices (citric acid), pickles (acetic acid), condiments, and frozen yogurt toppings.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is also used as a preservative in medicines and cosmetics. Under these conditions it is converted into benzoic acid (E210), which is bacteriostatic and fungistatic.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is generally not used directly due to its poor water solubility. Concentration as a food preservative is limited by the FDA in the U.S. to 0.1% by weight.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is also allowed as an animal food additive at up to 0.1%, per the Association of American Feed Control Officials.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) has been replaced by potassium sorbate in the majority of soft drinks in the United Kingdom.

In pharmaceuticals
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is used as a treatment for urea cycle disorders due to its ability to bind amino acids.
This leads to excretion of these amino acids and a decrease in ammonia levels.
Recent research shows that sodium benzoate may be beneficial as an add-on therapy (1 gram/day) in schizophrenia.
Total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores dropped by 21% compared to placebo.
Sodium benzoate, along with phenylbutyrate, is used to treat hyperammonemia.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate), along with caffeine, is used to treat postdural puncture headache, respiratory depression associated with overdosage of narcotics, and with ergotamine to treat vascular headache.

Other uses
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is also used in fireworks as a fuel in whistle mix, a powder that emits a whistling noise when compressed into a tube and ignited.

Mechanism of food preservation of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)
The mechanism starts with the absorption of benzoic acid into the cell. If the intracellular pH falls to 5 or lower, the anaerobic fermentation of glucose through phosphofructokinase decreases sharply, which inhibits the growth and survival of microorganisms that cause food spoilage.

Health and safety of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)
In the United States, sodium benzoate is designated as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the Food and Drug Administration.
The International Programme on Chemical Safety found no adverse effects in humans at doses of 647–825 mg/kg of body weight per day.
Cats have a significantly lower tolerance against benzoic acid and its salts than rats and mice.
The human body rapidly clears sodium benzoate by combining it with glycine to form hippuric acid which is then excreted.
The metabolic pathway for this begins with the conversion of benzoate by butyrate-CoA ligase into an intermediate product, benzoyl-CoA, which is then metabolized by glycine N-acyltransferase into hippuric acid

Computed Properties of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)
Molecular Weight: 144.10
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Exact Mass: 144.01872368
Monoisotopic Mass: 144.01872368
Topological Polar Surface Area: 40.1 Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 108
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

E Number: E211
Name: Sodium benzoate
Class: Preservatives
Groups: Benzoic acid — benzoates (BA)
Additional details: Preservative, antimicrobials
Origin: Synthetic
Common applications: Juices, tonic and energetic drinks, butter, marmalade, margarine, gelatin, non-alcoholic beer, pastry, olives, caviar, fish products, shellfish, pharmaceutical products (syrups, mouthwashes, ibuprofen, toothpaste
Observations: At low doses, may cause asthma, urticaria, allergies and intolerance reactions in sensible persons to salicylic acid. When mixed to ascorbic acid may form benzene (a carcinogenic hydrocarbon), while mixed with sulfites or synthetic colorants may cause hyperactivity or other neurologic disorders.
At middle-long terms may induce cancer.
Evaluation: To avoid

Is E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) safe?
For example, a small percentage of people are hypersensitive to sodium benzoate and can experience asthmatic attacks, hives, or other allergic reactions when they consume the preservative.
A more common problem, however, is the combination of sodium benzoate and citric acid and/or ascorbic acid (vitamin C).
When these ingredients get together, they form benzene, a cancer-causing chemical associated with leukemia and other blood cancers.

Sodium Benzoate Properties of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)
Compound Formula: C7H5NaO2
Molecular Weight: 144.1
Appearance: White powder
Melting Point: 410 °C
Boiling Point: N/A
Density: 1.44 g/cm3
Solubility in H2O: 62.78 g/100 mL (15 °C)
Exact Mass: 144.018723
Monoisotopic Mass: 144.018723 Da
Sodium Benzoate Health & Safety Information
Signal Word: Warning
Hazard Statements: H319

Precautionary Statements: P305+P351+P338
Flash Point: 100 °C
Risk Codes: R36
Safety Statements: S26
RTECS Number: DH6650000

E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is generally immediately available in most volumes.
High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.
American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.
Typical and custom packaging is available.
Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.

E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.
American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.
Typical and custom packaging is available.
Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.

Uses of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is a usual food preservative used in soft drinks, pickles, jellies, jams, or salad dressings.

In addition, producers add it to beauty and health products such as shampoo, mouthwash, deodorant, and body lotions.
As a preservative, E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) prevents fungi and bacteria from developing in products and contaminating these items, and changing their compositions.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is a well-known and widely used preservative for pharmaceutical products such as flavored vehicles, syrups, and multiple-dose containers for liquid preparations.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is also used to treat hyperammonemia, which is a metabolic disturbance, characterized by an excess of ammonia in the blood.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is a dangerous and severe condition that may lead to death and encephalopathy.
This compound is also used as a treatment for UCD – urea cycle disorders, a disease that affects how the body removes the waste that results from breaking down protein.

Product Description of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)
99%Min Purity Food Grade Sodium Benzoate:
Chemical name:Sodium Benzoate
Alias:Sodium Benzoic
CAS:532-32-1
Chemical Formula:C7H5NaO2
Appearance: White Crystalline Granule or Powder,

Specification of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)
Appearance: White powder or granular Powder
Powder Size: Mesh   40-60
Content   %: 99.0 min- 99.5
Loss on drying   %: ≤ 2.0 1.3
Sulfates %: ≤ 0.1 ≤ 0.04
Chlorides%: ≤0.02≤0.01
Compound containing Chloride%: ≤0.03   ≤0.02
Heavy Metals %   ≤0.001   ≤0.0005
Arsenic   % : ≤0.0002   ≤0.0001
Mercury   %: ≤0.0001   ≤0.0001
Appearance of solution   %: PASS   PASS
Acidity and alkalinity   %: PASS   PASS

CAS Number: 532-32-1
Molecular Formula: C7H5NaO2
Formula Weight: 144.11
PubChem CID: 517055
Grade: Food Grade
Percent Purity: 99.0-100.5%
Chemical Name or Material: Sodium benzoate

Description of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)
Sodium Benzoate, also known as Sodiumato Benzoatato, Antimol, Ucephan, Benzoate of Soda, and Sobenate, has the chemical formula C7H5O2Na or C7H5NaO2 or C6H5COONa.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) appears as colorless or white hygroscopic crystals or crystalline powder with no odor and astringent taste.
E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is freely soluble in Water and sparingly soluble in Alcohol at ambient conditions. On a lab scale, E 211 (Sodium Benzoate) is produced synthetically by the neutralization of Benzoic Acid with Sodium Bicarbonate, Sodium Carbonate or Sodium Hydroxide.
An Food Grade chemical is the one that conforms to the criteria of the Food Chemicals Codex (FCC).
A substance that has received the Food Grade certification can be used in food, drug, or medical applications.
In the United States of America (USA), Lab Alley is selling its high-quality Sodium Benzoate, Food Grade online at laballey.com.

Synonyms of E 211 (Sodium Benzoate)
sodium benzoate
532-32-1
Benzoic acid, sodium salt
Sobenate
Antimol
Benzoic acid sodium salt
sodium;benzoate
Benzoate of soda
Benzoate, sodium
Sodiumbenzoate
FEMA No. 3025
UNII-OJ245FE5EU
MFCD00012463
Benzoate sodium
OJ245FE5EU
E211
Natrium benzoicum
Caswell No. 746
Benzoan sodny [Czech]
Benzoan sodny
FEMA Number 3025
CCRIS 3921
HSDB 696
Benzoesaeure (na-salz) [German]
PUROX S
Benzoesaeure (na-salz)
Sodium benzoate solution
EINECS 208-534-8
C7H5NaO2
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 009103
Fuminaru
Microcare sb
AI3-07835
BzONa
Sodium benzoate [USAN:JAN:NF]
benzoic acid sodium
Sodium Benzoate USP
Sodium Benzoate,(S)
Sodium benzoate (TN)
DSSTox_CID_140
SCHEMBL823
EC 208-534-8
CHEMBL1356
DSSTox_RID_75393
DSSTox_GSID_20140
Sodium benzoate (JP17/NF)
INS NO.211
DTXSID1020140
INS-211
CHEBI:113455
Sodium Benzoate (Fragrance Grade)
Benzoic acid, sodium salt (1:1)
Tox21_300125
AKOS003053000
AKOS015890021
CCG-266169
NCGC00254072-01
CAS-532-32-1
E-211
FT-0645126
S0593
D02277
A829462
Q423971
J-519752