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E 321 BHT (BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE)

E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is widely used as an antioxidant in pharmaceuticals.
As an antioxidant: E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is used in grease drugs to delay lipid oxidation.
In Cosmetics: Butylated HydroxyToluene is widely used as an antioxidant in cosmetics.

CAS Number: 128-37-0
EC Number: 204-881-4
MDL number: MFCD00011644
Molecular Formula: C15H24O / [(CH3)3C]2C6H2(CH3)OH
Molecular Weight: 220.35 g/mol

SYNONYMS:
2,6-Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, BHT, Butylated hydroxytoluene, DBPC, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, Dibutylhydroxytoluene, Antioxidant 264, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, Butylhydroxytoluene, Butylated hydroxytoluene, BHT, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, BHT, Butylated hydroxytoluene, Butylhydroxytoluene, DBPC, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT), E321, Butylhydroxytoluenum, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 4-methyl-2,6-ditertbutylphenol, Butylhydroxytoluene, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, 2,6-Di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol, butylated hydroxytoluene, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (DBPC), 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene, 1,3-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methyl benzene, di-tert-butyl-methylphenol, 2,6-DITERTIARY-BUTYL-p-CRESOL, 4-METHYL-2,6-DITERTIARY-BUTYL-PHENOL, Phenol, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-, p-Cresol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-, Dalpac, Deenax, Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol, Di-tert-butylcresol, Dibunol, Dibutylated hydroxytoluene, Ionol, Nonox TBC, Parabar 441, Stavox, Sumilizer BHT, Sustane BHT, Tenamene 3, Tenox BHT, Topanol, Vanlube PC, Vanlube PCX, Vianol, 2,6-Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene, 4-Hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butyltoluene, 4-Methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 2,6-Di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-1-hydroxy-4-methyl benzene, 2,6-di-Butyl-para-cresol, 2,6-di-tert-Butyl-methylphenol, o-Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol, Butylated hydroxytoluol, DBMP, 1-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylbenzene, 2,6-Di-terc.butyl-p-kresol, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-cresol, 4-Methyl-2,6-di-terc. butylfenol, 4-Methyl-2,6-tert-butylphenol, Di-tert-Butylparamethylphenol, Di-tert-Butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-Di-t-butyl-p-cresol, Phenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl-, 4-Methyl-2,6-di-t-butyl-phenol, BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene), 2,6-di-ter-butyl-4-methyl-phenol, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-para-methylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (BHT), Butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT), Dibutylhydroxytoluene, Dibutylcresol, 2,6-Bis(tert-butyl)-4-methylphenol, 2,6-Di(tert-butyl)hydroxytoluene, 2,6-di-ter-butul-4-methyl-phenol, 4-Methyl-2,6-di-tert.-butylphenol, Di-ter-butyl p-cresol, butylated OH tolueno, Dibutyl-p-cresol, Ergotamine, dihydro-, monomethanesulfonate (salt), 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, 2,6-DI-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene, 2,6 ditertiary-butyl-4-methyl phenol, DBPC, BHT, E321, AO-29, Avox BHT, Antioxidant 264, Additin RC 7110, Dibutylated hydroxytoluene, 4-Methyl-2,6-di-tert-butyl phenol, 3,5-(Dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxytoluene, E321: Food additive code, Butylhydroxytoluene, BHT, 2,6-Di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol, 128-37-0, Antioxidant, Lonol (Antioxidant), Dibutylated Hydroxytoluene, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol

E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is a lipophilic organic compound manufactured through chemical synthesis, available as white crystals or crystalline powder.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is a toluene-based ingredient used as a preservative in food and personal care products.

E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is petroleum-based, and is a synthesized version of vitamin E.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is designed to reduce the harmful effects of oxygen in food and is therefore described as an antioxidant.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene), also known as dibutylhydroxytoluene, is a lipophilic organic compound, chemically a derivative of phenol, that is useful for its antioxidant properties.

E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is widely used to prevent free radical-mediated oxidation in fluids (e.g. fuels, oils) and other materials, and the regulations overseen by the U.S. F.D.A.—which considers E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) to be "generally recognized as safe"—allow small amounts to be added to foods.

BHA and E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene), which are classified as synthetic antioxidants, are widely used food additives and are extremely soluble in oil and insoluble in water.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) consists of 4-Methylphenol compound modified with 2 and 6 tert-butyl compounds in organic structure.

Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene)) has the ability to inhibit autoxidation of unsaturated organic compounds.
In this way, E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) prevents the formation of free radicals.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is a compound in the phenol class.

E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is also classified as an antioxidant.
Butylated hydroxytoluene (E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene)) is a white crystal powder.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) dissolves in benzene, Toluene, Ethyl-acetate, and Gasoline.

E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is insoluble in water and non-toxic.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) plays a significant role in preserving the freshness of various food products and enhancing the shelf life in the industry.

As an antioxidant, E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) prevents oxidation that can lead to spoilage and rancidity, making it a staple ingredient in numerous processed foods and cosmetics.
The food industry benefits greatly from E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) for its ability to maintain flavor and smell in oils and fats.

Additionally, E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is often paired with other antioxidants to improve overall effectiveness.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene)'s use is regulated to ensure safety, with specific limits established by food safety authorities globally.
Manufacturers often include E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) in low concentrations, ensuring it complements other preservatives.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is also considered safe at regulated levels, making it a reliable choice for both industries.

USES and APPLICATIONS of E 321 BHT (BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE):
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is widely used as antioxidants.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is widely accepted as a safe food additive in many countries with E number E321.

E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is also used as an antioxidant in products such as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, rubber, electrical transformer oil (at 0.35%), and embalming fluid.
In the petroleum industry, where E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is known as the fuel additive AO-29, it is used in hydraulic fluids, turbine and gear oils, and jet fuels.

E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is a lipophilic organic compound widely used as an additive in food production.
As an antioxidant, E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) can be used in a wide variety of industries including: food production, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and various other industries.

In Beverage: Not enough is known about the application of E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) in beverages.
In Pharmaceutical: E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is widely used as an antioxidant in pharmaceuticals.
As an antioxidant: E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is used in grease drugs to delay lipid oxidation.

In Cosmetics: Butylated HydroxyToluene is widely used as an antioxidant in cosmetics.
As an antioxidant: E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is used in cosmetic and personal care products to inhibit bacteria.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) in Agriculture/Animal Feed: Not enough is known about the application of Butylated HydroxyToluene in agriculture/animal feed.

E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) in Other Industries: Butylated HydroxyToluene is widely used as an intermediate in various other industries.
As an intermediate: E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is used in the manufacturing of various organic chemicals.

Uses of E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene): Typical products include biscuits, cakes, fats and oils, cereals, pastry and pastry products, sweets, edible oils, chewing gum, fats, margarine, nuts, instant potato products, polyethylene food wraps, and medicines.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) acts as an inhibitor of free radical-mediated processes and prevents the oxidative rancidity of oils and fats by providing hydrogen ions to scavenge free radicals, and finally interrupt the chain reaction of the oxidation process.

E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is widely used as an antioxidant and preservative, and is prepared from p-cresol and isobutylene.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is one of the most commonly used antioxidants for food oils and fats and is much cheaper than BHA, although it has more limited applications due to instability at high temperatures.

E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) has been used in the preparations of medicines used to treat Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy, BPH, or enlarged prostate and also in statins used to treat diabetes.
Cosmetics: E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is used as an antioxidant and masking agent in cosmetics and personal care products.

The common cosmetics and personal care products with E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene): Lotion, Skin care products, Makeup, Lipstick, Hair oil, Soap, Shampoo, Body wash, and Perfume.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene), BHA and TBHQ are the synthetic phenolic antioxidants commonly added/mixed together to delay or prevent the rancidity of fats and oils, and the loss of activity of fat-soluble vitamins in foods and cosmetics.

BHA and E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) are often used with other chemicals to perform a synergistic antioxidant activity, such as with ascorbic acid, citric acid, or phosphoric acid.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is often used in conjunction with the Gallates E 310 - E 312.

E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is listed by the NIH Hazardous Substances Data Bank under several categories in catalogues and databases, such as food additive, household product ingredient, industrial additive, personal care product/cosmetic ingredient, pesticide ingredient, plastic/rubber ingredient and medical/veterinary/research.

E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is used as a preservative ingredient in some foods.
With this usage, E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) maintains freshness or prevents spoilage; it may be used to decrease the rate at which the texture, color, or flavor of food changes.

Antioxidant: E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is also used as an antioxidant in products such as metalworking fluids, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, rubber, transformer oils, and embalming fluid.
In the petroleum industry, where E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is known as the fuel additive AO-29 (Innospec), it is used in hydraulic fluids, turbine and gear oils, and jet fuels.

E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is also used to prevent peroxide formation in organic ethers and other solvents and laboratory chemicals.
Some additive products contain E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) as their primary ingredient, while others contain the chemical merely as a component of their formulation, sometimes alongside butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA).

Cosmetics: The European Union restricts the use of E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) in mouthwash to 0.001% concentration, in toothpaste to 0.01% concentration, and to 0.8% in other cosmetics.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is added to certain monomers as a polymerisation inhibitor to facilitate their safe storage.

BHA and E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) slow down rancidity in solid, liquid oils and foods containing oil; and prevent color, aroma or texture changes that may occur due to exposure to air in products containing vegetable oils such as various cereal products, chewing gum and potato chips.

Apart from these products, E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is also used as a filler in vitamin and mineral additive preparations.
In recent years, people who want to eat healthier have been choosing products that contain unsaturated and polyunsaturated fats instead of saturated animal fats.

Unfortunately, products that contain unsaturated fats are more susceptible to oxidation and spoil more easily.
While various technologies (vacuuming, packaging, etc.) are beneficial in preventing this unwanted oxidation process, adding antioxidants to products is one of the most effective options for increasing the shelf life of products.

E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) and BHA, which have a synergistic effect when used together, give very good results, especially in hazelnuts and hazelnut-containing products.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is used in the plastic, rubber and petroleum industries much more than its use in the food sector.

E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene), which is used in packaging materials due to its vapor volatility, penetrates into food from the packaging like BHA.
In this application, antioxidants are either added directly to the waxes used in the production of the waxy inner layer of the packaging, or are applied as an emulsion on the packaging.

Food additive in the category of synthetic antioxidants, with the role of preventing fat rancidity.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is used individually or in combination with other butylates or gallates (E 310 – 312), in different animal or plant fats, as well as pastry mixtures, snacks, instant soups and broths, sauces, processed fruits, prepared cereals, nutritional supplements, spices, meat products, dehydrated potatoes, flavors and powdered milk for vending machines.

E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is an antioxidant chemical with masking and preservative properties.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is used as a preservative chemical in food additives, feed additives and feed storage areas.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is used as a preservative in feed together with vitamins during premix production.

E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is used in shampoo production to prevent the growth and reproduction of fungi in the skin.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is used in drugs produced to inhibit liver cancer caused by aflatoxin B1.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is used as an antioxidant in the cosmetics sector.

E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is used in gear oils used for maintenance of wind turbines and inhibits the autoxidation of unsaturated organic compounds.
In this way, E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) prevents the formation of free radicals.

As a result, the life of gear oils used in wind turbines is extended.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) provides high oxidation stability to synthetic ester-based lubricant oil by preventing early oxidative degradation.

E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) has an excellent ability to prevent oxidation.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is used as a preservative in the production of dry solid particle food.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is used as a preservative in the field of use of fat-soluble vitamins.

These vitamins may include Vitamin E (Alpha Tocopherol), Vitamin D3.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is used as a preservative in food production.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is also used in metalworking fluids, the cosmetics sector and various industrial areas.

Food Industry: E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is used as a preservative to prevent oxidation in foods.
Cosmetics: E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is added to cosmetics to prevent oxidation and extend shelf life.
Pharmaceuticals: E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is used as a preservative in some medications.

Animal Feed: E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is used as a preservative in animal feed.
Rubber and Petroleum Products: E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is used to prevent oxidation in rubber and petroleum products.
Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene)) has the ability to inhibit autoxidation of unsaturated organic compounds.

In this way, E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) prevents the formation of free radicals.
The chemical stability that E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) offers in lubricants and fuels enhances performance, as these products face harsh environments and temperature changes.

E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene)'s ability to function in various industrial processes highlights its versatility and importance.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is crystalline powder, used as an antioxidant food preservative, to prevent fats and oils in foods from oxidizing and becoming rancid, and as a defoaming agent for yeast.

E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) also stabilizes fats, retains food smell, color, and flavor, and extends the shelf life.
Butylated hydroxytoluene (E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene)) is primarily used as an antioxidant food additive (E number E321) as well as in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, jet fuels, rubber, petroleum products, electrical transformer oil, and embalming fluid.

E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is an important all-purpose type of antioxidant widely used in materials of high molecular petroleum production and the food manufacturing industry.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is used as an antioxidant in the food manufacturing industry.

E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) prevents off-color, oxidation, and rancidity.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) can be used as food packing material.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is a synthetic antioxidant commonly used to preserve fats and oils in food and cosmetic products.

E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) effectively prevents oxidative rancidity, extending the shelf life of various products.
Food Industry: E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is used in a wide range of food products, including snacks, cereals, and baked goods, to maintain freshness and prevent spoilage.

Cosmetics: E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is incorporated in cosmetic and personal care products to stabilize formulations and prevent oxidation of ingredients.
Pharmaceuticals: E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is utilized to protect pharmaceuticals from oxidative degradation, ensuring the efficacy of the active ingredients.

Animal Feed: E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is added to animal feed to maintain nutritional quality and extend shelf life.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) plays a significant role in preserving the freshness of various food products and enhancing the shelf life in the industry.

E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) helps in reducing waste by keeping products consumable for longer durations.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene)’s versatility extends beyond food preservation to applications in pharmaceuticals and even rubber production.

With increasing focus on synthetic additives, E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) remains a topic of interest for both consumers and industry experts.
Applications of E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is widely utilized for its antioxidant properties across several sectors.

E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) plays a critical role in preserving the stability of food products, enhancing the longevity of cosmetics, and providing durability in industrial applications.
Food Industry uses: E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is extensively used as a preservative in the food industry to maintain the freshness and shelf life of various products.

E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) helps in preventing the oxidation of fats and oils, which can lead to rancidity.
Commonly found in packaging materials, E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) enhances the longevity of cereals, baked goods, and snack foods.
Products like potato chips and dry mixes benefit from E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene)’s ability to inhibit the degradation of oils.

Cosmetics and Pharmaceuticals: In cosmetics, E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is valued for its role in stabilizing formulations.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is an ingredient in lipsticks, lotions, and moisturizers, where it helps prevent the oxidation of oils, maintaining product integrity.

In pharmaceuticals, E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is utilized to enhance the shelf life of medicines by preserving active ingredients.
The use of E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) in these products not only extends shelf life but also retains effectiveness and aesthetic quality.

-Industrial Uses of E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene):
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) finds significant application in industrial settings due to its antioxidant properties.

E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is incorporated in manufacturing processes to stabilize rubber and plastics, preventing degradation caused by oxidation.
This quality preserves the flexibility, color, and durability of materials over time.

-Food additive uses of E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene):
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is primarily used as an antioxidant food additive.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is approved for use in the U.S. by the Food and Drug Administration:

For example, 21 CFR § 137.350(a)(4) allows E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) up to 0.0033% by weight in "enriched rice", while 9 CFR § 381.147(f)(1) allows up to 0.01% in poultry "by fat content".
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is permitted in the European Union under E321.

-E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) in Food Production:
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is widely used as an antioxidant in food production.
As an antioxidant: in oils and fats to delay lipid oxidation.

-Feed uses of E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene):
Corn is the primary grain used in the feed industry, but its quality and nutrition would be influenced during the shelf life mainly due to the high content of unsaturated fatty acids in the corn embryo, which is prone to oxidative rancidity.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) can be used to prevent oxidative deterioration in corn by removing free radicals.

FEATURES OF E 321 BHT (BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE):
Butylated hydroxy toluene (E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene)), also chemically called 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (DBPC), is used as a food antioxidant like butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA); these phenol derivatives react with free radicals and slow down the rate of autoxidation, which leads to changes in the color and flavor of food.

E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is a white colored and crystalline substance that is well soluble in oils but insoluble in water, and its boiling point is 265 °C at 760 mmHg pressure.

Although E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) has low activity in vegetable oils like BHA, when used together with other antioxidants, it benefits from the ability to protect the food to which the oil is added.
BHA, while it has a synergistic effect with E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene), cannot have a synergistic effect with gallates.

SAFETY AND REFGULATIONS OF E 321 BHT (BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE):
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FDA and is approved for use in food products by health authorities globally.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is used within regulated limits to ensure consumer safety.

ALTERNATIVE PARENTS of E 321 BHT (BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE):
*Para cresols
*Toluenes
*Organooxygen compounds
*Hydrocarbon derivatives

SUBSTITUENTS of E 321 BHT (BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE):
*Phenylpropane
*P-cresol
*Toluene
*Phenol
*Organic oxygen compound
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organooxygen compound
*Aromatic homomonocyclic compound

WHAT ARE E 321 BHT (BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE)'S CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES?
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) has a white and light yellow color in physical appearance.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is found in crystal form.

E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene)'s melting point is 71 °C.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene)'s boiling point is 265 °C.

E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene)'s density is 1.048 gr/cm³.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) has a slight phenol odor.

Sometimes E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) has a weak musty odor.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is insoluble in water and mono propylene glycol.

E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is soluble in Ethyl Alcohol, Methyl Alcohol and Isopropyl Alcohol.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) has less stability than Butylated Hydroxyanisole.

WHERE IS E 321 BHT (BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE) USED?
Due to this feature, E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is used in the production of mouse drugs.

E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is used as a preservative in the production of some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory creams.
These creams are used to relieve joint and muscle pain.

E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is used as an excipient in the production of mosquito and insecticides.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is an important component as an antioxidant in greases, oils and cutting fluids.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is used in the production of substances such as aromas.

E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is used as a preservative in the production of drugs produced for the treatment of inflammatory diseases in animals.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is used as an antimicrobial chemical in the production of shampoos produced especially for fur care.

PROPERTIES OF E 321 BHT (BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE):
Butylated Hydroxytoluene E321 is a white crystalline solid with a melting point of approximately 70°C.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is soluble in organic solvents like ethanol and acetone but exhibits minimal solubility in water.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is stable under normal storage conditions.

Its antioxidant capabilities make E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) an effective preservative in a variety of applications, including food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.
Additionally, E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) has a low vapor pressure, meaning it is less likely to evaporate under typical conditions.
This property supports E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene)'s effectiveness in long-term preservation.

BENEFITS OF E 321 BHT (BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE):
*Antioxidant Properties:
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) prevents the oxidation of fats and oils, maintaining product freshness.

*Shelf Life Extension:
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) enhances the shelf life of food and cosmetic products by preventing rancidity and spoilage.

*Versatility:
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is suitable for use in various industries, including food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.

*Stability:
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) protects products from oxidative damage, ensuring long-lasting quality.

*Safety:
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is approved for use in food products by health authorities worldwide.

KEY FEATURES OF E 321 BHT (BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE):
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene), E321, CAS no.128-37-0, also known as dibutylhydroxytoluene, manufacturing process via chemical synthesis, 4-methylphenol, and 2-methylpropene as raw materials.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) or butyl hydroxytoluene is a fat-soluble synthetic compound used to preserve foods and cosmetics to slow down the autoxidation rate of ingredients in a product that can cause changes in the taste or color.

NATURAL OCCURRENCE OF E 321 BHT (BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE):
Phytoplankton, including the green algae Botryococcus braunii, as well as three different cyanobacteria (Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Microcystis aeruginosa and Oscillatoria sp.) are capable of producing E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) as a natural product.

The fruit lychee also produces E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) in its pericarp.
Several fungi (for example Aspergillus conicus) living in olives produce E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene).

PRODUCTION OF E 321 BHT (BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE):
The chemical synthesis of E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) in industry has involved the reaction of p-cresol (4-methylphenol) with isobutylene (2-methylpropene), catalyzed by sulfuric acid:

CH3(C6H4)OH + 2 CH2=C(CH3)2 → ((CH3)3C)2CH3C6H2OH
Alternatively, E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) has been prepared from 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol by hydroxymethylation or aminomethylation followed by hydrogenolysis.

REACTIONS OF E 321 BHT (BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE):
The species behaves as a synthetic analog of vitamin E, primarily acting as a terminating agent that suppresses autoxidation, a process whereby unsaturated (usually) organic compounds are attacked by atmospheric oxygen.

E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) stops this autocatalytic reaction by converting peroxy radicals to hydroperoxides.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) effects this function by donating a hydrogen atom:

RO2• + ArOH → ROOH + ArO•
RO2• + ArO• → nonradical products

where R is alkyl or aryl, and where ArOH is E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) or related phenolic antioxidants.
Each E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) consumes two peroxy radicals.

The electron-donating alkyl groups on the ortho and para positions of E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) increase the electron density of the phenolic hydroxyl moiety through the inductive effect and the hyperconjugation effect, reduce the bond dissociation energy of the phenolic hydroxyl group, and enhance its reactivity to lipid free radicals.

Meanwhile, the phenoxy radical generated by E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is stabilized due to the delocalization of unpaired electrons around the aromatic ring and the steric hindrance effect of ortho tert-butyl groups.

Isobutene is one of the possible degradation products formed by E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) oxidation with computational studies suggesting that there are two possible mechanisms that can lead to isobutene formation, with the OH addition pathways at the C2 site of E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) more likely to result in isobutene formation than pathways of H abstracts from the t-butyl group.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF E 321 BHT (BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE):
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is a synthetic antioxidant commonly used to prevent the oxidation of fats and oils in food.
Its chemical structure and properties make E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) effective in stabilizing products against spoilage and degradation.

CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF E 321 BHT (BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE):
The chemical structure of E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene)e is represented by the molecular formula C15H24O.
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) consists of a butyl group attached to a hydroxytoluene moiety.
The structure can also be described with the IUPAC name 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol.

E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is a phenolic compound, and its antioxidant properties are derived from the ability of the phenol group to donate a hydrogen atom.
This activity helps neutralize free radicals, making E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) a key ingredient in preserving food and other materials.

HOW IS E 321 BHT (BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE) MADE?
Commercial E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is produced by reacting 4-methylphenol (p-cresol) with isobutylene (2-methylpropene) with a catalyst.
4-methylphenol is obtained from the sulfonation of toluene (derived from the distillation of petroleum) and afterward heated with sodium hydroxide.
2-methylpropene is also made from petroleum.

FOODS CONTAINING E 321 BHT (BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE):
The following processed food may contain E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene):
*Edible fats
*Fried foods
*Nuts
*Breakfast cereals
*Instant noodles, rices

TWO TYPES FOOD ANTIOXIDANTS:
Food antioxidants are basically classified into two types:
*Water soluble antioxidants
For example, ascorbic acid and its sodium & calcium salt, erythorbic acid, sodium erythorbate, they’re mainly used in meat, fruits and other foods to prevent discoloration.

*Fat soluble antioxidants
Fat soluble antioxidants commonly refer to natural or synthetic phenolic antioxidants, which are used for freshness by delaying or preventing the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids in oils & fats.

Edible oils and fats are susceptible to be oxidized to rancidity if exposed to light, heat, enzymes, or metal ions, especially for vegetable oils rich in unsaturated fatty acids.

Therefore, it is necessary to add antioxidants in order to maintain the original properties and nutritional values, improve the stability and prolong the shelf life.
Vegetable oils need the use of antioxidants to preserve freshness; meanwhile, animal fats are short of natural antioxidants and also need antioxidants to keep solid stable.

ANTIOXIDATIVE MECHANISM OF E 321 BHT (BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE):
The non-desirable chemicals, such as aldehydes, ketones, and acids are produced during the oxidation process of oils and fats, which not only affect the flavor and color of oils and fat-containing foods, but also lower quality and shorten the shelf life, or even bring dangers to the health of consumers.
Phenolic antioxidants share the same antioxidative mechanism.

IS E 321 BHT (BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE) SAFE TO EAT?
Yes, the safety has been approved by the authorized parties, e.g. FDA, EFSA and JECFA.
Vitamin E can be an alternative if people want to replace it.

FDA
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is generally regarded as safe (GRAS) and used as an antioxidant alone or in combination with BHA with the maximum use level from 0.001% to 0.02% in dry breakfast cereals, as an emulsion stabilizer for shortenings and processed potato products (e.g. flakes, granules, shreds).

EFSA
E 321 BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) is listed in Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012 as an authorised food additive and categorized in “additives other than colours and sweeteners.”

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of E 321 BHT (BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE):
Appearance Form: Crystalline powder
Color: colorless
Odor: odorless
Odor Threshold: Not applicable
Molecular Weight: 220.35
Purity >99%
pH: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: Melting point/range: 69 - 73 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 265 °C - lit
Flash point: No data available
Evaporation rate: No data available

Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapor pressure: 0,00 hPa at 25 °C
Vapor density: No data available
Relative density: 1,03 g/cm3 at 20 °C -
Water solubility: 0,76 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient n-octanol/water: log Pow: 5,1
Autoignition temperature: > 400 °C
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Viscosity: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available

Typical range of impurities: ≤ 10 ppm heavy metals and ≤3 ppm arsenic
Solubility:
0.4 mg/L in water at 20 °C
0.6 mg/L in water at 25 °C
1.5 mg/L at 30 ºC and 6 mg/L at 60 ºC
Freely soluble in toluene
55.9 wt% in n-heptane at 29.5 °C
34 wt% in ethanol at 28.7 °C
31.1 wt% in 1-octanol at 29.5 °C
0.5% w/w in methanol, isopropanol, methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, cellosolve, benzene,
Most hydrocarbon solvents, ethanol, petroleum ether,
liquid petrolatum (white oil), good solubility in linseed oil.
Insoluble in propylene glycol

Melting point: 70-71 °C
Boiling point: 265 °C at 760 mm Hg
Flash point: 127 °C
Vapour pressure: 0.01 mm Hg, 0.005 mm Hg at 25 °C, 0.39 Pa at 25 °C
Density: 0.899 (g/mL)
Viscosity:
3.47 centistokes at 0 °C
1.54 centistokes at 120 °C
pKa: 14, 12.2 at 20 °C
refractive index: 1.49 at 75 °C
topical polar surface area: 20.2 Å2

Appearance Form: powder, crystalline
Color: colorless
Odor: odorless
Odor Threshold: Not applicable
pH: No data available
Melting point/range: 69 - 73 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 265 °C - lit.
Flash point: 127 °C
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits :No data available
Vapor pressure 0,00 hPa at 25 °C

Vapor density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Water solubility 0,76 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water log Pow: 5,1
Autoignition temperature: > 400 °C
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Viscosity:
*Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
*Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Boiling point: 265 °C (1013 hPa)
Density:1.03 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Ignition temperature: 345 °C

Vapor pressure:0.39 Pa (298 K)
Bulk density: 450 kg/m3
Solubility: <0.001 g/l
Water Solubility: 0.015 g/L
logP: 5.25
logP: 5.27
logS: -4.2
pKa (Strongest Acidic): 11.6
pKa (Strongest Basic): -4.6
Physiological Charge: 0
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 1

Hydrogen Donor Count: 1
Polar Surface Area: 20.23 Å²
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Refractivity: 70.41 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 27.35 Å³
Number of Rings: 1
Bioavailability: Yes
Rule of Five: No
Ghose Filter: Yes
Veber's Rule: Yes
MDDR-like Rule: No
CAS number: 128-37-0

EC number: 204-881-4
Grade: E 321
Hill Formula: C₁₅H₂₄O
Molar Mass: 220.36 g/mol
HS Code: 2907 19 90
Chemical Formula: C₁₅H₂₄O
Molecular Weight: 220.35 g/mol
CAS Number: 128-37-0
Boiling point: 265 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 1.03 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point: 127 °C

Ignition temperature: 345 °C
Melting Point: 69.8 °C 1
Vapor pressure: 0.39 Pa (298 K)
Bulk density: 450 kg/m3
Solubility: <0.001 g/l
Appearance: White to yellowish crystalline powder
Solubility: Insoluble in water, but soluble in ethanol, methanol, and propylene glycol
Appearance: White crystalline powder or flake, odorless or with a characteristic faint aromatic odor
Other names: Butylhydroxytoluene, 2,6-ditertiary-butyl-p-cresol, 4-methyl-2,6-ditertiarybutylphenol 2

CAS number: 128-37-0
Chemical formula: C15H24O
Molecular weight: 220.36
Solubility: Insoluble in water, freely soluble in food fats and oils 3
Chemical formula: C15H24O
Molar mass: 220.356 g/mol
Appearance: White to yellow powder
Odor: Slight, phenolic
Density: 1.048 g/cm3
Melting point: 70 °C (158 °F; 343 K)
Boiling point: 265 °C (509 °F; 538 K)

Solubility in water: 1.1 mg/L (20 °C)
log P: 5.32
Vapor pressure: 0.01 mmHg (20 °C)
Product Name: BHT-Butyl Hydroxy Toluene (E 321)
Chemical Formula: C15H24O
Cas No: 128-37-0
EINESC No: 204-881-4
UN No: 3077
Physical Property: White Solid Crystal
Odor: Odorless
Molecular Weight: 220.4 g/mol

Density: 1.03 g/cm3
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water
Empirical Formula (Hill Notation): C15H24O
CAS Number: 128-37-0
Molecular Weight: 220.35
MDL number: MFCD00011644
UNSPSC Code: 12352104
E Number: E321
EC Index Number: 204-881-4
Physical state: crystalline

Color: white
Odor: odorless
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point: 69,8 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range:
265 °C at 1.013 hPa
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 127 °C - open cup
Autoignition temperature: > 400 °C

Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity:
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 0,76 g/l at 20 °C - slightly soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 5,1 - - Potential bioaccumulation, (ECHA)

Vapor pressure: 0,00 hPa at 25 °C
Density: 1,03 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: Not classified as explosive.
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information:
Bulk density: 450 kg/m3

FIRST AID MEASURES of E 321 BHT (BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE):
-If inhaled:
*After inhalation:
Fresh air.
-In case of skin contact:
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
-In case of eye contact:
*After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
-If swallowed:
*After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of E 321 BHT (BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE):
-Environmental precautions
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of E 321 BHT (BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of E 321 BHT (BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE):
-Control parameters:
*Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of E 321 BHT (BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Dry.
Tightly closed.
-Specific end use(s):
No other specific uses are stipulated

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of E 321 BHT (BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).