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E 334

CAS NUMBER: 147-71-7

EC NUMBER: 205-695-6

MOLECULAR FORMULA: C4H6O6

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 150.09

 

E334 is a white, crystalline organic acid that occurs naturally in many fruits, most notably in grapes, but also in bananas, tamarinds, and citrus.
E334s salt, potassium bitartrate, commonly known as cream of tartar, develops naturally in the process of fermentation. 

E334 is commonly mixed with sodium bicarbonate and is sold as baking powder used as a leavening agent in food preparation. 
The acid itself is added to foods as an antioxidant E334 and to impart its distinctive sour taste. 

Naturally occurring tartaric acid is a useful raw material in organic chemical synthesis. 
E334 is an alpha-hydroxy-carboxylic acid, is diprotic and aldaric in acid characteristics, and is a dihydroxyl derivative of succinic acid.

E334 is a tetraric acid that is butanedioic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3. 
E334 has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite and a plant metabolite. 

E334 is a conjugate acid of a 3-carboxy-2,3-dihydroxypropanoate.
E334 is a naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid containing two stereocenters. 

E334 exists as a pair of enantiomers and an achiral meso compound. 
The dextrorotatory enantiomer of (R,R)-L-(+)-tartaric acid is widely distributed in nature. 

E334 is present in many fruits (fruit acid), and its monopotassium salt is found as a deposit during the fermentation of grape juice. 
Pure levorotatory (S,S)-d-(−)-tartaric acid is rare.

E334 has a stronger, sharper taste than citric acid. 
Although E334 is renowned for its natural occurrence in grapes, it also occurs in apples, cherries, papaya, peach, pear, pineapple, strawberries, mangos, and citrus fruits. 

E334 is used preferentially in foods containing cranberries or grapes, notably wines, jellies, and confectioneries. 
Commercially, tartaric acid is prepared from the waste products of the wine industry and is more expensive than most acidulants, including citric and malic acids. 

E334 is one of the least antimicrobial of the organic acids known to inactivate fewer microorganisms and inhibit less microbial growth in comparison with most other organic acids (including acetic, ascorbic, benzoic, citric, formic, fumaric, lactic, levulinic, malic, and propionic acids) in the published scientific literature. 
Furthermore, when dissolved in hard water, undesirable insoluble precipitates of calcium tartrate can form.

E334, also called dihydroxybutanedioic acid, a dicarboxylic acid, one of the most widely distributed of plant acids, with a number of food and industrial uses. 
Along with several of its salts, cream of tartar (potassium hydrogen tartrate) and Rochelle salt (potassium sodium tartrate), it is obtained from by-products of wine fermentation. 

The various tartaric acids and the common tartrate salts are all colourless, crystalline solids readily soluble in water. 
E334 is widely used as an acidulant in carbonated drinks, effervescent tablets, gelatin desserts, and fruit jellies. 

E334 has many industrial applications—e.g., in cleaning and polishing metals, in calico printing, in wool dyeing, and in certain photographic printing and development processes. 
Cream of tartar is incorporated into baking powders, hard candies, and taffies; and it is employed in the cleaning of brass, the electrolytic tinning of iron and steel, and the coating of other metals with gold and silver. 

Tartar emetic is used as an insecticide and a dyeing mordant.
E334 may be used in the synthesis of (R,R)-1,2-diammoniumcyclohexane mono-(+)-tartrate, an intermediate to prepare an enantioselective epoxidation catalyst. 

E334 may also be used as a starting material in the multi-step synthesis of 1,4-di-O-benzyl-L-threitol. 
E334 can be used a chiral resolving agent for the resolution of 2,2′-bispyrrolidine.

E334 is an organic acid is found in many vegetables and fruits such as bananas, grapes, but also in bananas, citrus, and tamarinds. 
E334 is also known as 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid or Racemic acid. 

E334 is used to generate carbon dioxide. 
E334 is a diprotic aldaric acid which is crystalline white.

E334 is widely used in the field of pharmaceuticals. 
E334 is the acid most prescribed for modifications to the must. 

E334 is a stronger acid than malic and citric acid, and less susceptible to microorganism breakdown during alcoholic and malolactic fermentations. 
E334 is a potassium salt which tends to precipitate.

E334 is an essential food additive that is usually mixed with baking soda in recipes to serve as a leavening agent. 
E334 can be used in all food types except untreated foods. 

E334 occurs naturally in plants such as grapes, apricots, oranges, bananas, avocados, and tamarinds.
E334 is an organic white diprotic, crystalline acid. 

E334 naturally occurs in many plants, particularly in grapes, bananas, and tamarinds. 
E334 is also one of the wine’s primary acids.

E334 is a white crystalline organic acid. 
E334 occurs naturally in many plants, particularly grapes and tamarinds, and is one of the main acids found in wine. 

E334 is added to other foods to give a sour taste, and is used as an antioxidant. 
Salts of tartaric acid are known as tartrates. 

E334 is a dihydroxy derivative of dicarboxylic acid. 
E334 is a muscle toxin, which works by inhibiting the production of malic acid, and in high doses causes paralysis and death. 

The minimum recorded fatal dose for a human is about 12 grams. 
E334 is included in many foods, especially sour-tasting sweets. 

As a food additive, tartaric acid is used as an antioxidant with E number E334, tartrates are other additives serving as antioxidants or emulsifiers. 
Naturally-occurring tartaric acid is chiral, meaning that it has molecules that are non-superimposable on their mirror-images. 

E334 is a useful raw material in organic chemistry for the synthesis of other chiral molecules. 
E334, this crystalline acid, is commonly seen in plants and fruits in general. 

The chemical formula of tartaric acid, which is an organic acid, is C4H6O6 and its density is 1.788g/cm. 
E334 is also used in different industries, especially in industry. 

This acid is generally preferred for the fermentation of wine and is formed as a byproduct of potassium during fermentation.
E334 is frequently used in wool dyeing, polishing, gelatin, desserts and sodas. 

Apart from this, antimony potassium tartars are generally preferred and used as mordant with pesticides. 
E334, which is found in the majority of grape fruits, also occurs in some fruits other than grapes. 

However, tartaric acids seen in these fruits are called dexro-tartaric acid. 
E334, which consists of a mixture of racemine, is called levo. 

E334s are among the water-soluble dicarboxylic acids.
E334 is a natural organic acid that is in many plants especially grapes, bananas, and tamarinds.

E334 can be used to create several different salts, including tartar emetic (antimony potassium tartrate), cream of tartar (potassium hydrogen tartrate), and Rochelle salt (potassium sodium tartrate). 
The primary uses of tartaric acid are associated with its salts.

E334 and its salts have a very wide variety of uses. 
These include use as an acidulant, pH control agent, preservative, emulsifier, chelating agent, flavor enhancer and modifier, stabilizer, anti-caking agent, and firming agent. 

E334 has been used in the preparation of baked goods and confectionaries, dairy products, edible oils and fats, tinned fruits and vegetables, seafood products, meat and poultry products, juice beverages and soft drinks, sugar preserves, chewing gum, cocoa powder, and alcoholic drinks.
As an acidulant and flavoring agent, tartaric acid is known to enhance the flavors of the fruits in which it is a natural derivative. 

E334 is commonly used to enhance grape flavors and to enhance flavors associated with raspberry, oranges, lemon, gooseberry, and currant.
E334 and its immediate byproducts are particularly useful in baking. 

Due to E334s acidic properties, tartaric acid is used in baking powder in combination with baking soda. 
When tartaric acid reacts with sodium bicarbonate, carbon dioxide gas is produced, causing various baking products to ‘rise’ without the use of active yeast cultures. 

This action alters the texture of many foods.
E334 and its salts are used in pancake, cookie, and cake mixes because of these properties. 

Cream of tartar is used to make cake frosting and candies.
In the winemaking process, tartaric acid is used to alter acidity. 

E334 is a natural component of grapes, which are frequently used in the production of wine. 
However, some wines are not made with grapes and a tablet of nonsynthetic or synthetic tartaric acid is added to wine to increase the mixture’s acidity. 

In addition, organic acids, such as tartaric acid, are known to have antimicrobial properties which make them an important component in wine and other foods.
E334 is present in many fruits and the only use for industrial production is grapes.

E334 is a natural product that is derived from by-products of the grape. 
E334 is a food grade product and it is Kosher certified. 

Used in many different applications due to its properties as: antioxidant, acidifier, flavor enhancer, stabilizer and sequestering agent.
E334, C4H6O6, is a white, crystalline, acidic powder that occurs naturally in many plants, including grapes, tamarinds, bananas, and is found in wine. Salts of tartaric acid are known as tartrates, and are often salt forms of medications, for example metoprolol tartrate or zolpidem tartrate. E334 was first isolated from potassium tartrate. E334 and derivatives are used widely in pharmaceutical manufacturing. 

E334 is an organic acid that is a by-product of winemaking. 
E334 is characterized by its  sharp tart taste. 

In cakes and sweet baked goods production, tartaric acid is used as a fast-acting leavening acid in some baking powders. 
As a food acid regulator, E334 can enhance the profile of fruit flavors and colors and stabilize batter systems. 

E334s salt form, potassium acid tartrate, is commonly known as cream of tartar.
There are three stereoisomers of tartaric acid: dextrose tartaric acid, levophyllic acid and meso tartaric acid. 

The optical rotation of the mixture of the same amount of dextrorotatory and levorotism is mutually offset, known as racemic tartaric acid. 
The mesomer does not exist in nature and can be synthesized chemically. 

Various tartaric acids are colorless crystals that are easily soluble in water.
E334 is widely used as an acidizing agent for beverages and other foods, and this use is similar to citric acid. 

E334 can be used as an acid dye mordant when it is combined with tannin. 
E334 is also used for some development and fixing operations in the photographic industry. 

E334s iron salts are photosensitive and therefore they can be used to make blueprints. 
E334 could complex with a variety of metal ions, and it could be used for cleaning agent and polishing agent of metal surface. 

Potassium tartrate (Rochelle salt) can be used to prepare Fehling reagent, and it is also used as as laxatives and diuretics in medicine. 
E334 is also used as an intermediate of quinophan. 

The crystal has piezoelectric properties, so it could be used for the electronics industry.
E334 is used as a chromatographic reagent and masking agent.

E334 is used as resolving agent of medicine and as biochemical reagent. 
E334 is widely used in food industry, such as beer foaming agent, food sour agent, flavoring agent. 

E334 is also used for refreshing drinks, candy, fruit juice, sauce, cold dishes and baking powder. 
E334 is in line with the Japanese food additives certificate.

E334 is used as chiral source and resolving agent for chiral synthesis.
E334 is mainly present in the form of potassium salt in the fruit of a variety of plants, and a small amount of it exists in free form. 

E334 is produced dextrose tartaric acid through glucose fermentation industrially. 
The racemate can be prepared by fumaric acid with potassium permanganate as oxidant. 

The mesomer can be prepared by maleic acid with potassium permanganate as oxidant. 
E334 can be obtained by resolution of racemates. 

In the practical application of tartaric acid, the main application is dextrose tartaric acid or its complex salt. 
The by-product tartra of brewing grape is the main raw material of actual production of tartaric acid, and the all tartaric acids are dextrose tartaric acids.

E334 is the second largest AHA in size (glycolic acid being the smallest AHA and citric acid the largest). 
E334 is not frequently used in cosmetic or anti-aging preparations as formulators find it difficult to work with and it can cause irritation to the skin.

E334 is an acidulant that occurs naturally in grapes. 
E334 is hygroscopic and rapidly soluble, with a solubility of 150 g in 100 ml of distilled water at 25°c. 

E334 has a slightly tarter taste than citric acid, with a tartness equivalent of 0.8–0.9. 
E334 augments the flavor of fruits in which it is a natural constituent. 

E334 is used in grapeand limeflavored beverages and grape-flavored jellies. 
E334 is used as an acidulant in baking powder and as a synergist with antioxidants to prevent rancidity.

E334 is used as a resolving agent in organic synthesis. 
E334 is used as a precursor for the preparation of its ester derivatives like D-tartaric acid diethyl ester, D-tartaric acid dimethyl ester and D-tartaric acid diiso-propyl ester. 

E334 finds application in the synthesis of chiral aziridine derivative, a common intermediate for the preparation of hydroxyethylamine class HIV protease inhibitors viz. as saquinavir, amprenavir and nelfinavir. 
E334 is widely used in the food industry as a beer foaming agent, for food acidity regulations and as a flavoring agent.

 

USAGE AREAS:

-E334 is used to give a sour taste to foods.

-The most common use of tartaric acid is in soda production. E334, which is almost used to flavor the soda, is an indispensable component of soda.

-E334 is preferred for dyeing wool.

-E334 can be used for polishing, polishing and cleaning metals.

-E334 is used in bakery products to release carbon dioxide.

-E334, which is indispensable for gelatinous desserts, is generally preferred as a thickener in products such as meringue, Turkish delight and whipped cream.

-The form of tartaric acid obtained from grapes is generally preferred in pastry. 

-E334 can be preferred instead of baking powder for rising cakes.

-E334, which is frequently found in fruits and has a sour and strong taste, is preferred for fermentation of wine in winemaking.

-E334 is used in making marmalade and jams.

 


USES:

-E334 is used  to improve the taste of oral medications

-E334 is used to chelate metal ions such as magnesium and calcium

-E334 is used in recipes as a leavening agent along with baking soda

-E334 is used as an antioxidant

-E334 is as one of the important acids in wine

-E334 is used in foods to give a sour taste

-E334 is sometimes used to induce vomiting

-E334 is used to make silver mirrors

-E334 is used in the dyeing of textiles

-E334 is used in the tanning of leather

-E334 is used in candies

-E334 is used as a stabilizer in food

 

APPLICATION:

E334 and its derivatives have a plethora of uses in the field of pharmaceuticals. 
E334 has been used in the production of effervescent salts, in combination with citric acid, to improve the taste of oral medications.

The potassium antimonyl derivative of the acid known as tartar emetic is included, in small doses, in cough syrup as an expectorant.
E334 also has several applications for industrial use.

The acid has been observed to chelate metal ions such as calcium and magnesium. 
Therefore, the acid has served in the farming and metal industries as a chelating agent for complexing micronutrients in soil fertilizer and for cleaning metal surfaces consisting of aluminium, copper, iron, and alloys of these metals, respectively.


– As acidifier and natural preservative for marmalades, ice cream, jellies, juices, preserves, and beverages.

– As effervescent for carbonated water.

– As emulsifier and preservative in the bread-making industry and in the preparation of candies and sweets.

 

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Density: 1.8 g/cm3 (20 °C)

-Flash point: 210 °C

-Ignition temperature: 425 °C

-Melting Point: 172 - 174 °C

-Solubility: 1394 g/l

 

PROPERTIES:

-grade: ACS reagent

-vapor density: 5.18 (vs air)

-assay: ≥99.5%

-form: crystalline powder, crystals

-optical activity: [α]20/D +12.4°, c = 20 in H2O

-optical purity: ee: 99% (GLC)

-autoignition temp.: 797 °F

-impurities: ≤0.002% S compounds, ≤0.005% insolubles

-ign. residue: ≤0.02%

 

SYNONYM:

Racemic acid
Uvic acid
Traubensaure
Racemic tartaric acid
DL-Tartrate
Paratartaric acid
Paratartaric aicd
Resolvable tartaric acid
BUTANEDIOIC ACID, 2,3-DIHYDROXY-
Threaric acid
Acidum tartaricum
NSC62778
E334 D,L
E334, L-(+)-
Baros
CHEBI:15674
dl-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid
E-7050 (2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid
(2RS,3RS)-E334
tartrate
Natural tartaric acid

 

 

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