E132 INDIGOTINE; INDIGO CARMINE

E132 indigotine; indigo carmine provides a stable blue coloration.
E132 indigotine; indigo carmine is the disodium salt of indigo-5,5′-disulfonic acid, derived from the indigo structure.
E132 indigotine; indigo carmine appears as a dark blue to blue-purple powder or granules.

CAS Number: 860-22-0
Molecular Formula: C16H11N2NaO8S2
Molecular Weight: 446.38
EINECS Number: 212-728-8

Synonyms: propyl gallate, 121-79-9, Propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate, N-Propyl gallate, Progallin P, Gallic acid propyl ester, Tenox PG, Nipagallin P, Gallic acid propyl ester, NIPA 49, Benzoic acid, 3,4,5-trihydroxy-, propyl ester, FEMA No. 2947, n-Propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate, Propylester kyseliny gallove, 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzene-1-propylcarboxylate, Gallate, Propyl, n-Propyl ester of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, Nipanox S 1, NSC 2626, NCI-C505888, 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid, propyl ester, 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid n-propyl ester, NSC-2626, Propyl gallate (e 310), 8D4SNN7V92, INS NO.310, E310, AI3-17136, INS-310, NSC2626, Anhydrous propyl gallate (e 310), E-310, RefChem:176492, 3,4,5-TRIHYDROXYBENZOIC ACID, N-PROPYL ESTER, 204-498-2, 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid propyl ester, Gallic acid n-propyl ester, MFCD00002196, Gallic acid-propyl ester, DTXSID5021201, Propyl gallate (NF), Propyl gallate [NF], CHEMBL7983, Gallic acid, n-propyl ester, NCGC00164234-01, DTXCID901201, Pro gallin P, CAS-121-79-9, CCRIS 541, HSDB 591, n-Propyl-3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoate, EINECS 204-498-2, Propylester kyseliny gallove [Czech], UNII-8D4SNN7V92, Propylgallate, propyl-gallate, Propyl galiate, n-propyl-gallate, Sustane PG, Propyl gallate, powder, Propyl gallate, 98%, 3,4,5-Trihydroxy-benzoic acid propyl ester, Propyl gallate (Standard), PROPYL GALLATE [II], PROPYL GALLATE [MI], Oprea1_580415, SCHEMBL22630, CBDivE_013134, PROPYL GALLATE [FCC], 56274-95-4, BIDD:ER0334, Propyl 3,5-trihydroxybenzoate, PROPYL GALLATE [FHFI], PROPYL GALLATE [HSDB], WLN: QR BQ CQ EVO3, PROPYL GALLATE [VANDF], Gallic acid propyl ester , PG, orb1303372, orb3025155, PROPYL GALLATE [MART.], PROPYL GALLATE [USP-RS], PROPYL GALLATE [WHO-DD], CHEBI:10607, FEMA 2947, HY-N0524R, n-Propyl 3,5-trihydroxybenzoate, Propyl gallate, >=98%, FCC, MSK2308, HMS5084F07, NCI-C50588, HY-N0524, Tox21_113531, Tox21_202286, Tox21_300060, BDBM50032154, s5113, SBB060377, PROPYL GALLATE [EP MONOGRAPH], AKOS001603853, CCG-207932, DB12450, EBC-439046, FP32547, NCGC00164234-02, NCGC00164234-03, NCGC00164234-04, NCGC00254138-01, NCGC00259835-01, 3,5-Trihydroxybenzene-1-propylcarboxylate, 3,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid, propyl ester, AC-11365, AC-34485, AS-11986, NCI60_002094, Propyl gallate, USP, 98.0-102.0%, SY020323, DB-003766, DB-327302, Benzoic acid,4,5-trihydroxy-, propyl ester, CS-0009059, EU-0036319, G0018, NS00013163, ST50307922, n-Propyl ester of 3,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, D02382, E80666, Propyl gallate, antioxidant, >=98.0% (HPLC), F216645, Q608726, SR-01000944710, Propyl gallate, for microscopy, >=98.0% (HPLC), SR-01000944710-1, EFFF5FFA-651C-4DE3-A25F-D807C65D5537, N-PROPYL ESTER OF 3,4,5- TRIHYDROXYBENZOIC ACID, Propyl gallate, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard, Propyl gallate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, Propyl gallate, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material, InChI=1/C10H12O5/c1-2-3-15-10(14)6-4-7(11)9(13)8(12)5-6/h4-5,11-13H,2-3H2,1H, delta-Tocopherol, 119-13-1, (+)-delta-Tocopherol, 8-Methyltocol, (2R)-3,4-dihydro-2,8-dimethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol, (R,R,R)-delta-Tocopherol, JU84X1II0N, (2R,4'R,8'R)-delta-Tocopherol, J5.309K, CHEBI:47772, (2R)-2,8-dimethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-ol, (2R)-2,8-dimethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-3,4-dihydrochromen-6-ol, (2R)-3,4-DIHYDRO-2,8-DIMETHYL-2-((4R,8R)-4,8,12-TRIMETHYLTRIDECYL)-2H-1-BENZOPYRAN-6-OL, (2R)-2,8-dimethyl-2-((4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-ol, (2R)-2,8-dimethyl-2-((4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-3,4-dihydrochromen-6-ol, RefChem:131691, RRR-DELTA-TOCOPHEROL, 204-299-0, 2,8-dimethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)chroman-6-ol, D-delta-TOCOPHEROL, .delta.-Tocopherol, DTXSID1046263, NCGC00160622-01, E309, (2R)-2,8-dimethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol, 251562-63-7, DTXCID9026263, d-tocopherol, delta-Vitamin E, MFCD20486794, delta-D-Tocopherol, 2H-1-Benzopyran-6-ol, 3,4-dihydro-2,8-dimethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-, (2R)-, CAS-119-13-1, UNII-JU84X1II0N, Vitamine E, EINECS 204-299-0, .delta.-Vitamin E, (), (+)- delta -Tocopherol, bmse000547, Delta-Tocopherol (Standard), SCHEMBL886921, MSK1547, DELTA-TOCOPHEROL [WHO-DD], Tox21_111941, D-d-tocopherol, AKOS040758846, FT28297, HY-113026R, BP-43187, HY-113026, CS-0059380, NS00015095, E80733, Q155751, curcumin, 458-37-7, Diferuloylmethane, Natural yellow 3, Kacha haldi, Curcumin I, Curcuma, Haldar, Indian saffron, Gelbwurz, Souchet, Haidr, Halad, Halud, Yellow Ginger, Terra Merita, (1E,6E)-1,7-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione, C.I. Natural Yellow 3, Safran d'Inde, Yo-Kin, Yellow puccoon, Diferaloylmethane, CI Natural Yellow 3, C.I. 75300, Jianghuangsu, Kurkumin, NanoCurc, Zlut prirodni 3, E 100, Lipocurc, Kurkum, CI 75300, Curcumin e100, NSC32982, NSC-32982, DTXSID8031077, 1,5-Di(vanillyliden)acetylaceton, 1,5-Divanillyliden-2,4-pentandion, NSC-687842, CHEBI:3962, IT942ZTH98, 1,9-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2,7-nonadiene-4,6-dione, 1,6-Heptadiene-3,5-dione, 1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-, INS NO. 100(I), INS-100(I), 1,6-Heptadiene-3,5-dione, 1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-, (E,E)-, E-100, (E,E)-1,7-bis(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione, DTXCID901421, Tumeric, Curcumin phytosome, Phytosome, Curcumin, Turmeric Essential Oil, RefChem:6414, Victory 19 Virus Out, Turmeric Super Whitening Oil, 207-280-5, 678-357-2, Curcumine, Hydrastis, Kurkumin [Czech], Tumeric yellow, (1E,6E)-1,7-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione, 94875-80-6, 1,7-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione, MFCD00008365, Zlut prirodni 3 [Czech], Cucurmin, Curcumin (synthetic), Tumeric oleoresin, Curcurmin, NSC 32982, MLS000069631, 1,6-Heptadiene-3,5-dione, 1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-, (1E,6E)-, CHEMBL140, SMR000058237, (1E,6E)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione, (E/Z)-Curcumin, NSC687842, NCGC00017159-05, CAS-458-37-7, trans,trans-Curcumin, FEMA No. 3085, FEMA No. 3086, CCRIS 3257, CCRIS 5804, HSDB 4334, NCI-C61325, EINECS 207-280-5, NSC 687842, BRN 2306965, UNII-IT942ZTH98, Curcuma yellow, E 100 (Dye), curcumin [INN], Curcumin (Standard), CURCUMIN [HSDB], CURCUMIN [MI], CURCUMIN [USP-RS], CURCUMIN [WHO-DD]

E132 indigotine; indigo carmine is indigotindisulfonate sodium, a marker dye used during cystoscopy and ureteral catheterization.
E132 indigotine; indigo carmine is also used in endoscopic procedures, lymph node and vessel delineation, and for tumor localization. 
E132 indigotine; indigo carmine is an unapproved drug without FDA approved labeling.

There is no single dye that can replace indigo carmine. 
Choice of alternative agent will depend on type of procedure and physician discretion, as well as product availability.
E132 indigotine; indigo carmine is the most common chemical dye for clothes dyeing, which is considered as a refractory molecule since it is required a rather strong chemical treatment for its elimination from the water waste. 

The presence of this dye in residuals causes notorious change of water color and smell even in very low concentration. 
Moreover, if some of this water reaches natural streams it can be toxic for aquatic living entities due to the formation of toxic compounds such as aromatic amines.

E132 indigotine; indigo carmine, is a synthetic blue food colorant widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries, particularly for adding blue or green tints to confectionery, dairy, and bakery items. 
E132 indigotine; indigo carmine is a synthetic blue food colorant belonging to the indigo dye family.
It is widely used in food, pharmaceuticals, and medical diagnostics.

E132 indigotine; indigo carmine is highly soluble in water but insoluble in oils.
E132 indigotine; indigo carmine has little to no odor.

E132 indigotine; indigo carmine provides a deep blue coloration, often used alone or mixed with yellow dyes to produce green shades.
It has strong tinting power even at low concentrations.
This makes it efficient as a colorant.

Indigotine is highly water-soluble, allowing even dispersion in beverages, gels, and syrups.
This ensures uniform coloration.
E132 indigotine; indigo carmine is mainly used in aqueous systems.

E132 indigotine; indigo carmine shows good stability in acidic and neutral conditions, making it suitable for soft drinks and processed foods.
However, it may degrade under strong alkaline conditions.
This affects formulation limits.

The dye has moderate heat stability, allowing it to withstand common food processing such as pasteurization.
Prolonged high heat may reduce intensity.
This limits extreme applications.

E132 indigotine; indigo carmine has no nutritional value, serving purely as a coloring agent.
Its role is visual only.
This is typical for synthetic dyes.

E132 indigotine; indigo carmine is best described as a water-soluble synthetic blue dye with strong color intensity, widely used in food, pharmaceutical, and technical applications for stable blue and green coloration.
E132 indigotine; indigo carmine also performs well in clear liquid systems, producing a deep blue color without cloudiness.
It maintains good optical clarity in beverages.

E132 indigotine; indigo carmine shows pH-dependent color stability, remaining most stable in acidic to neutral conditions while gradually shifting or fading in strongly alkaline environments.
This influences formulation design.
It ensures predictable performance.

The dye has good compatibility with hydrocolloids, making it suitable for gels, jelly desserts, and thickened systems.
E132 indigotine; indigo carmine disperses evenly in gel matrices.
This ensures uniform coloration.

E132 indigotine; indigo carmine is often used in surface applications such as candy coatings and glazes, where it provides strong, even blue coloration.
It adheres well to sugar-based surfaces.
This improves decorative appearance.

E132 indigotine; indigo carmine can be used in multi-phase food systems, where stable coloration in the aqueous phase is required without significant migration.
It maintains separation when properly formulated.
This improves product stability.

Indigotine shows moderate resistance to oxidation, but strong oxidizing agents can degrade its chromophore structure.
Controlled processing is necessary.
This maintains color integrity.

E132 indigotine; indigo carmine is also used in laboratory and analytical applications, where its strong visibility makes it useful as a tracer dye.
It helps track mixing and flow processes.
This extends technical use.

E132 indigotine; indigo carminehas low volatility, meaning it remains stable during storage without evaporative loss.
This ensures consistent concentration over time.
In some regions, its use is subject to regulatory limits and labeling requirements, especially in food applications.

Melting point: >300°C
bulk density: 700–900 kg/m³
Density: 1.01 g/mL at 20 °C
refractive index: n20/D 1.335
storage temp.: room temp
solubility: 1 g/L
Colour Index: 73015
form: Powder/Solid
color: Very dark blue to purple
pH: 7 (10 g/L, H2O, 20℃)
pH Range: 11.5 (blue)–14.0 (yellow)
Odor: Light odour
Water Solubility: 1 g/100 mL (25 ºC)
Sensitive: Light Sensitive
λmax: 608 nm
Merck: 14,4944
BRN: 4103904
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents
Biological Applications: Detecting microorganisms; treating amyloidosis, testicular cancer; medical devices; drug delivery system
Major Application: Display device; sensor; chemical-mechanical polishing; batteries; photographic materials; thermoplastics; inks; highlighters; detergents; disinfectants; rodenticide; colored bubbles; hair dyes; cosmetics; food; determine bacterial growth; antiischemic agents; antiseptic; antitumor agents; Alzheimer’s disease; psychoactive drugs; tooth whitening
Cosmetics Ingredients Functions: HAIR DYEING; COLORANT
InChIKey: KHLVKKOJDHCJMG-QDBORUFSSA-L
SMILES: [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)c1ccc2NC(C(=O)c2c1)=C3Nc4ccc(cc4C3=O)S([O-])(=O)=O
LogP: -3.57

E132 indigotine; indigo carmine, is an organic salt derived from indigo by aromatic sulfonation, which renders the compound soluble in water. 
Like indigo, it produces a blue color, and is used in food and other consumables, cosmetics, and as a medical contrast agent and staining agent; it also acts as a pH indicator. 
E132 indigotine; indigo carmine is approved for human consumption in the United States and European Union.

E132 indigotine; indigo carmine has the E number E132, and is named Blue No. 2 by the US Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
E132 indigotine; indigo carmine also shows high tinctorial strength, meaning only small amounts are needed to produce a deep blue color.
This makes it very efficient in industrial formulations.

E132 indigotine; indigo carmine reduces cost per use.
E132 indigotine; indigo carmine is widely used in color blending systems, especially with yellow dyes like tartrazine to produce green shades.
This allows a wide range of color customization.

E132 indigotine; indigo carmine performs well in aqueous systems such as beverages, syrups, and gels.
It dissolves quickly and distributes evenly in water.
This ensures uniform coloration.

E132 indigotine; indigo carmine is commonly used in instant drink powders and beverage concentrates, where it dissolves fully upon mixing.
It provides immediate color development.
This improves user experience.

The dye shows moderate light sensitivity, meaning prolonged exposure to sunlight can cause gradual fading.
Protective packaging is often required.
This improves shelf stability.

E132 indigotine; indigo carmine has good stability under acidic conditions, making it suitable for soft drinks and fruit-flavored products.
However, strong alkaline environments can degrade it.
This limits formulation conditions.

E132 indigotine; indigo carmine is also used in pharmaceutical applications, including tablet coatings and diagnostic products.
It provides clear visual identification.
This improves usability and tracking.

E132 indigotine; indigo carmine is applied in cosmetic and personal care products, such as shampoos and bath products.
It provides stable blue coloration in water-based systems.
This enhances aesthetic appeal.

E132 indigotine; indigo carmine is not suitable for fat-based systems unless emulsified, due to its strong hydrophilicity.
This defines its application range.
This guides product formulation.

E132 indigotine; indigo carmine is a high-strength, water-soluble synthetic blue dye with strong stability in aqueous systems and wide use in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and technical applications.
E132 indigotine; indigo carmine is a strong, water-soluble synthetic blue dye with high stability in aqueous systems, broad industrial use, and reliable performance in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and technical applications.

Uses Of E132 indigotine; indigo carmine:
E132 indigotine; indigo carmine is a food additive that is widely used in the market. 
E132 indigotine; indigo carmine was also used as a dye for cationic cotton fabrics.

E132 indigotine; indigo carmine is a colorant. 
E132 indigotine; indigo carmine has poor ph stability in that after 1 week at ph 3 and 5 it will appreciably fade, at ph 7 considerably fade, and at ph 8 fade completely.
It is the least soluble of all food colors, with a solubility of 1.6 g in 100 ml of water at 25°c. 

Complete fading occurs in alkalis such as 10% sodium carbonate and 10% sodium hydroxide, with fading also occurring in 10% sugar systems. 
E132 indigotine; indigo carmine has very poor light stability and oxidation stability, and moderate stability to heat; it has a deep blue hue with poor tinctorial strength. 
E132 indigotine; indigo carmine is the only food color that has good resistance to reducing agents, but has very poor compatibility with food components. 

The major use is in pet food, but it is also used in candies, confections, and baked goods. 
The common name is indigotine.
E132 indigotine; indigo carmine in a 0.2% aqueous solution is blue at pH 11.4 and yellow at 13.0. Indigo carmine is also a redox indicator, turning yellow upon reduction. 

Another use is as a dissolved ozone indicator through the conversion to isatin-5-sulfonic acid.
This reaction has been shown not to be specific to ozone: it also detects superoxide, an important distinction in cell physiology.
E132 indigotine; indigo carmine is also used as a dye in the manufacturing of pharmaceutical capsules.

E132 indigotine; indigo carmine, sold under the brand name Bludigo, is used as a contrast agent during surgical procedures.
E132 indigotine; indigo carmine is indicated for use in cystoscopy in adults following urological and gynecological procedures.
E132 indigotine; indigo carmine was approved for medical use in the United States in July 2022.

E132 indigotine; indigo carmine is widely used in the food industry as a synthetic blue colorant.
E132 indigotine; indigo carmine provides deep blue and blue-green shades in many products.
This improves visual appeal.

In beverages such as soft drinks, flavored drinks, and syrups, it is commonly used due to its high water solubility.
E132 indigotine; indigo carmine dissolves evenly in liquids.
This ensures consistent coloration.

E132 indigotine; indigo carmine is applied in confectionery products, including candies, gummies, jellies, and chewing gum.
It provides strong and stable blue coloring.
This enhances product attractiveness.

E132 indigotine; indigo carmine is used in desserts such as puddings, jelly products, and ice creams.
It disperses well in aqueous and gel systems.
This improves appearance consistency.

In bakery decorations and icings, it provides blue or mixed green shades when combined with yellow dyes.
E132 indigotine; indigo carmine maintains color stability in sugar-based systems.
This improves decorative quality.

E132 indigotine; indigo carmine is used in processed dairy and dairy-like products, such as flavored yogurts and desserts.
It enhances visual appeal in colored varieties.
This improves product presentation.

E132 indigotine; indigo carmine is widely used in pharmaceutical products, including tablets, capsules, and syrups.
It helps with coloring and product identification.
This improves usability.

In cosmetics and personal care products, such as shampoos, soaps, and bath products, it provides blue coloration.
E132 indigotine; indigo carmine enhances aesthetic properties.
This improves consumer appeal.

E132 indigotine; indigo carmine is also used in instant drink powders and beverage concentrates, where it dissolves quickly and evenly.
It ensures uniform color after preparation.
E132 indigotine; indigo carmine is used wherever strong, stable blue coloration in water-based systems is required across food, beverage, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical applications.

Safety Profile Of E132 indigotine; indigo carmine:
E132 indigotine; indigo carmine is a regulated synthetic dye with generally low acute toxicity, but it does have some safety and sensitivity concerns, especially in certain individuals.
Its safety depends on dose and regulatory limits.
It is approved for use in many countries within strict ADI limits.

One of the main concerns is hypersensitivity reactions, which may include skin rash, itching, or urticaria in sensitive individuals.
These reactions are uncommon but documented.
People with dye sensitivities may be more affected.

In some cases, it can trigger pseudo-allergic responses, such as asthma-like symptoms, nasal irritation, or respiratory discomfort.
This is more likely in sensitive or predisposed individuals.
Avoidance is recommended for such cases.

Eye contact may cause mild irritation and temporary staining, especially in concentrated solutions.
E132 indigotine; indigo carmine is not corrosive but should be avoided.
Rinsing with water is recommended.

Skin contact is generally low risk, but prolonged exposure may cause mild irritation or staining.
Industrial handling should include protective measures.
This reduces exposure risk.

Inhalation of powder may cause respiratory irritation, especially in occupational settings with poor ventilation.
Fine particles can irritate mucous membranes.
Proper handling controls are recommended.

At approved food levels, E132 indigotine; indigo carmine is considered safe for the general population, and no significant systemic toxicity is expected in healthy individuals.
However, intake must remain within established regulatory limits.