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E1412 Distarch Phosphate is a modified starch used in food as a thickener and stabilizer.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate is a chemically modified starch produced by cross-linking natural starch molecules using phosphorus-based reagents.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate improves the texture and consistency of many processed food products and is approved as a food additive in the European Union.
CAS Number: 55963-33-2
EC Number: -
Molecular Formula: (C6H10O5)n with phosphate cross-links
Molecular Weight: Variable (polymeric structure)
Synonyms: Distarch Phosphate, E1412, INS 1412, Di(corn starch) Phosphate, Phosphate Cross-Linked Starch, Starch Diphosphate, Starch Hydrogen Phosphate, Modified Starch E1412, Resistant Starch Type 4, RS4, Emlel P, KFP 3, ONL 900, Staragel 90
E1412 Distarch Phosphate is a food additive that is a type of modified starch obtained by esterifying starch with phosphate, and this modification process gives starch unique properties such as increased stability, better water binding capacity, and improved texture in food products.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate belongs to the group of modified starches that are not absorbed intact by the gut, but are significantly hydrolysed by intestinal enzymes and then fermented by intestinal microbiota.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate is typically produced from plant, mineral, or synthetic sources, so it is generally suitable for vegans and vegetarians.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate is a food additive with caking, thickening, stabilizing, emulsifying, and substance-support role.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate is a modified starch subject to a certain chemical process for the purpose of improving and adapting its properties to certain conditions, such as raising stability at very high or very low temperatures, in acidic or alkaline environments, lengthening or shortening of coagulation or gelling time, the ability to coagulate in the cold, and texture modifying.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate has a high capacity to absorb water, to partially substitute fats, and to form emulsions, being used in products based on milk, meat, eggs, fats, and cereals.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate is a starch that is easy to gelatinize, with high transparency, high viscosity, good freeze-thaw stability, and low sedimentation.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate appears as a white to off-white powder with a neutral taste and odor, and has good solubility in water, forming a clear, viscous solution when dissolved.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate modification process alters the structure of the starch molecules, improving its stability, resistance to shear, and tolerance to high temperatures and acid conditions.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate is characterized by high resistance to acids, high temperatures, and the freezing and thawing processes.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate makes it possible to produce products with better quality and longer shelf life, which is especially important for products that require long-term storage.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate is an emulsifier that helps ingredients that normally separate, like oil and water, stay mixed, and is added during food production for a technological purpose rather than for nutrition.
Uses of E1412 Distarch Phosphate:
E1412 Distarch Phosphate is widely used in the food industry in the production of a wide range of food products including sauces, soups, dairy products, frozen desserts, bakery products, and confectionery.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate is particularly valued in products that undergo intense heat treatment or require long-term stability.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate is intended to stabilize and thicken food products such as ice cream, yogurt, cheese, soup, sauces, and their powder concentrates, and is also used in dressings and snacks.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate is used as a thickening agent in sauces, gravies, and soups to achieve the desired consistency, ensuring a smooth and appealing texture.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate serves as a protective colloid in emulsion systems, which helps maintain the structure and integrity of products like salad dressings and mayonnaise.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate is commonly found in gluten-free products as a binder and structure enhancer, helping to mimic the texture and chewiness that gluten provides in traditional baked goods.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate is used in noodles, pho, vermicelli, beef noodles, frozen products such as sausages, meatballs, beef balls, fish balls, fish cakes, and hams.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate is used in marshmallows, soups, special juices, and sauces such as chili sauce and ketchup.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate is used in canned foods such as canned fish and canned meat, and is used to make cheese including block cheese, pizza cheese, and soft cheese.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate is used in processed sauces and gravies that undergo prolonged cooking or retort sterilization, providing high heat resistance and shear stability.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate is used in canned goods such as soups, stews, and vegetables, where its cross-linked structure remains stable under high heat and pressure, preventing product thinning and water separation.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate is used in frozen meals and ready-to-eat entrees, minimizing texture loss and water separation during thawing and offering excellent freeze-thaw stability.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate is used in dairy products such as yogurts, processed cheese, and cream sauces, contributing to a creamy texture, viscosity control, and emulsion stability.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate is used in beverages and syrups including low-pH and high-sugar syrups and clear drinks, providing viscosity without cloudiness.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate is used in confectionery, bakery or pastry products, in cans of fruits, vegetables, and fish, in sauces, spices, concentrated soups, creams, puddings, various desserts, and in flavored alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate is particularly recommended for salad sauces, dressings, mayonnaise, soups, frozen food, fruit filling for confectionery goods, baby food, yoghurts, meat products, cured meat, finely-ground cured meat, pates, sauces for canned meat and vegetables, and all the aforesaid products with reduced calories as a substitute for fat.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate is used as a thickening agent in flour products such as bread and pasta to enhance the chewy texture.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate is used as a water-retaining stabilizer in meat products such as ham, sausages, and fish balls to effectively improve elasticity and slicing properties.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate can be used as a binder, disintegrant, or controlled-release agent in pharmaceutical tablets and capsules.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate can be used in personal care products like cosmetics, lotions, and creams, where it acts as a thickener, stabilizer, and emulsion stabilizer.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate can be used as a sizing agent in the paper and textile industries to improve paper strength, surface smoothness, ink holdout, and fabric durability.
Benefits or Advantages of E1412 Distarch Phosphate:
E1412 Distarch Phosphate maintains its functional properties even under high-temperature sterilization and in acidic environments, common in canned food processing.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate products exhibit improved stability over time, retaining their intended texture and appearance throughout their shelf life.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate dissolves readily in cold water, facilitating ease of use in various processing scenarios.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate product structure is more solid and less susceptible to damage or breakage when cooking for a long time, in an acidic environment, or when vigorously stirred.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate limits the swelling of starch granules when cooking, preventing water leakage.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate can be used in processing with low pH and high temperature.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate can enhance texture by providing a smooth and desirable mouthfeel, which is crucial for products aimed at sensitive consumers.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate helps maintain the consistency and stability of food products, ensuring that the product remains uniform and does not undergo separation or undesirable texture changes during storage and handling.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate serves as a thickener contributing to increased viscosity and thickness, making it valuable for achieving the right texture in various food products.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate exhibits excellent freezing resistance, helping to maintain product quality under freeze-thaw conditions during storage or transportation.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate results in a short paste with excellent smear and cohesion properties, ensuring that the product maintains its structure and consistency.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate plays a key role in improving and maintaining the quality of food products by increasing stability, improving texture, and providing a uniform consistency, contributing to foods with higher sensory value and extended shelf life.
Features of E1412 Distarch Phosphate:
E1412 Distarch Phosphate appears as a white or nearly white powder or granules, or if pregelatinised, flakes, amorphous powder, or coarse particles.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate is insoluble in cold water if not pregelatinised, forming typical colloidal solutions with viscous properties in hot water, and is insoluble in ethanol.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate is a stabilizer and thickener that increases the crispness and toughness of products.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate passes the microscopic observation test.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate passes the iodine staining test with a dark blue to light red colour.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate passes the copper reduction test.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate has a molecular structure that is more stable than ordinary starch and its performance is significantly superior in terms of high-temperature resistance, shear resistance, and acid resistance.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate can still maintain molecular integrity under high-temperature processing conditions, avoiding gelatinization or degradation, and ensuring process stability.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate can withstand high-intensity mechanical stirring, pumping, or extrusion, maintaining stable viscosity and making it suitable for continuous industrial production.
Chemical Properties of E1412 Distarch Phosphate:
E1412 Distarch Phosphate is produced by reacting native starch derived from sources such as maize, potato, wheat, or tapioca with phosphate compounds, joining two starch molecules together via a phosphate bridge in a process known as cross-linking.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate production introduces phosphate groups that replace hydroxyl groups on the starch molecules, resulting in increased heat resistance, improved stability against acids and mechanical stress, resistance to retrogradation, and enhanced freeze-thaw stability.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate contains phosphoric ester groups mainly attached to C-6 and to a lesser extent to C-2 and C-3 of the glucopyranose units.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate cross-linking checks the starch structure and provides the starch with tear strength, acid resistance, and thermal stability, giving greater control and flexibility in handling product manufacturing processes.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate cross-linking was visualized as a welding spot between starches at random locations, enhancing hydrogen bonding and inhibiting starch granule prominence.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate is chemically stable and exhibits low chemical reactivity under normal conditions of use, and is compatible with most food ingredients and industrial formulations under recommended processing conditions.
Production and Chemical Reactions of E1412 Distarch Phosphate:
E1412 Distarch Phosphate is obtained by cross-linking starch using sodium trimetaphosphate or phosphorus oxychloride in accordance with good manufacturing practice.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate may additionally be subjected to acid, alkali, enzyme, or bleaching treatment in accordance with good manufacturing practice.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate is made by the use of sodium trimetaphosphate which crosslinks starch chains at an approximate rate of one phosphate link per 620 glucopyranose units.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate production causes the formation of crosswise bindings between neighboring chains of glucose units, creating phosphate groups on the glucopyranose units.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate residual phosphate content is regulated by Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012, which limits it to 0.5% bound phosphorus for wheat and potato starches and 0.4% for starches from other sources.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate is prepared by treating starch with phosphoric acid or sodium trimetaphosphate, and the starch is partially degraded and phosphorylated.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate production also uses a high temperature treatment with dry starch and mono- and di-sodium acid orthophosphate.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate is produced from raw materials such as wheat, potatoes, corn, or tapioca, and the corn may also be genetically modified.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate production involves chemically attaching phosphates to the starch molecule, changing it so that it can bind water better and does not lose this ability even in high heat.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) of E1412 Distarch Phosphate:
Handling of E1412 Distarch Phosphate:
E1412 Distarch Phosphate should be handled in accordance with good industrial hygiene and food manufacturing practices.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate handling requires avoiding generating excessive airborne dust during handling, conveying, or packaging.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate handling requires using appropriate ventilation where dust may accumulate.
Identifiers of E1412 Distarch Phosphate:
E Number: E1412
Name: Distarch Phosphate
CAS No.: 55963-33-2
Molecular Formula: (C6H10O5)n with phosphate cross-links
Modification Type: Cross-linked starch via phosphoric acid derivatives
Class: Modified starch
Function: Stabilizer, thickener, binding agent
Properties of E1412 Distarch Phosphate:
Appearance: White to off-white/light yellow powder
Odor and Taste: Characteristic, neutral
Solubility: Insoluble in cold water if not pregelatinised; forms colloidal solutions in hot water; insoluble in ethanol
Solubility in Cold Water: Easily soluble (pregelatinised grade)
Iodine staining: Dark blue to light red colour
Microscopic observation: Passes test
Copper reduction: Passes test
Specifications of E1412 Distarch Phosphate:
Chemical name: E1412 Distarch Phosphate
Appearance: White to off-white/light yellow powder
Odor: Odorless
Starch: 85.0% min
Moisture: 14% max
Loss on Drying: NMT 18%
Ash: 0.5% max
pH value: 5.0-7.0
Viscosity: BU 600 min
Whiteness: 88% min
Fineness: 99% min
Residual Phosphate (as P): NMT 0.4%
Residual SO2: NMT 30.0 mg/kg
Heavy Metals: As 0.5 mg/kg max, Pb 1.0 mg/kg max
Grade: Food grade
Storage conditions: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area in tightly sealed containers
Names of E1412 Distarch Phosphate:
E1412 Distarch Phosphate
Distarch Phosphate
E1412
INS 1412
Di(corn starch) Phosphate
Phosphate Cross-Linked Starch
Starch Diphosphate
Starch Hydrogen Phosphate
Modified Starch E1412
Resistant Starch Type 4
RS4
Emlel P
KFP 3
ONL 900
Staragel 90
SDS of E1412 Distarch Phosphate:
Stability and Reactivity of E1412 Distarch Phosphate:
Chemical stability:
E1412 Distarch Phosphate is chemically stable under normal ambient temperatures and recommended storage conditions.
Reactivity:
E1412 Distarch Phosphate exhibits low chemical reactivity under normal conditions of use.
No hazardous polymerization or dangerous reactions are expected.
Conditions to avoid:
Excessive moisture.
Prolonged exposure to high humidity.
Direct sunlight.
Elevated temperatures.
Open flames.
Excessive dust generation.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents.
Strong mineral acids.
Strong alkalis at elevated temperatures.
Hazardous decomposition products:
Carbon monoxide (CO).
Carbon dioxide (CO2).
Phosphorus oxides.
Irritating organic fumes.
Handling and Storage of E1412 Distarch Phosphate:
Handling:
Avoid generating excessive airborne dust during handling, conveying, or packaging.
Use appropriate ventilation where dust may accumulate.
Hygiene measures:
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.
Avoid eating, drinking, or smoking in processing areas.
Remove contaminated clothing before entering clean areas.
Storage:
Store in tightly sealed original containers in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.
Protect the product from moisture, water, excessive humidity, and direct sunlight.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use.
First Aid Measures of E1412 Distarch Phosphate:
Inhalation:
Move the affected person to fresh air.
If coughing, throat irritation, or breathing discomfort persists, seek medical attention.
Skin contact:
Wash affected skin thoroughly with soap and water.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate is not expected to cause skin irritation under normal conditions of use.
Eye contact:
Immediately flush eyes with plenty of clean water for at least 15 minutes while holding eyelids open.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do.
Seek medical attention if irritation persists.
Ingestion:
Rinse mouth thoroughly with water.
E1412 Distarch Phosphate is considered a food-grade material and is not expected to produce harmful effects when ingested in normal quantities.
Seek medical advice if discomfort occurs after consuming large amounts.
Notes for physician:
Treat symptomatically.
No specific antidote is known.
Firefighting Measures of E1412 Distarch Phosphate:
Flammability:
E1412 Distarch Phosphate is not highly flammable.
Finely dispersed starch dust may form combustible dust-air mixtures under certain conditions.
Suitable extinguishing media:
Water spray.
Foam.
Dry chemical powder.
Carbon dioxide (CO2).
Hazardous combustion products:
Carbon monoxide.
Carbon dioxide.
Phosphorus oxides.
Irritating smoke.
Special protective equipment for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear full protective clothing during firefighting operations.
Specific hazards:
Avoid generating airborne dust during firefighting operations.
Dust explosions may occur in enclosed areas where combustible dust concentrations are present.
Accidental Release Measures of E1412 Distarch Phosphate:
Personal precautions:
Avoid breathing dust.
Ensure adequate ventilation.
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment when cleaning large spills.
Environmental precautions:
Prevent large quantities from entering drains, sewers, or natural waterways.
Cleanup methods:
Collect spilled material by gentle sweeping or using an industrial vacuum equipped with a HEPA filter to minimize dust generation.
Transfer material into suitable containers for reuse or disposal.
Wash contaminated surfaces with water after material removal.
Additional advice:
Dispose of waste according to local regulations.
Exposure Controls / Personal Protective Equipment of E1412 Distarch Phosphate:
Engineering controls:
Provide adequate general or local exhaust ventilation where dust may be generated.
Dust collection systems are recommended for large-scale processing operations.
Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection is normally not required.
If excessive dust concentrations are present, use an approved particulate respirator (N95, FFP2, or equivalent).
Hand protection:
Protective gloves are recommended for prolonged or repeated handling.
Eye protection:
Wear safety glasses or dust goggles where airborne dust may be generated.
Skin and body protection:
Standard protective work clothing is generally sufficient.
No special protective clothing is normally required.
Environmental exposure controls:
Maintain good housekeeping practices to minimize dust emissions.
Prevent uncontrolled release of product into the environment and dispose of waste in accordance with applicable regulations.
