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In alcoholic beverages, E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel is used in beer, whiskey, rum, and liqueurs to standardize and enhance color.
In sauces and condiments, E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel provides deep brown coloration in soy sauce, gravies, and barbecue sauces.
In bakery and confectionery, E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel is used in syrups, fillings, coatings, and dessert products.
CAS Number: 8028-89-5 (mixture; not a single defined compound)
EC Number: 232-435-9
Molecular Formula: Not applicable (complex mixture of polymeric reaction products)
Molecular Weight: Variable (broad distribution of high-molecular-weight caramel polymers)
SYNONYMS:
CAL-001 A610nm(0.1%w/v): 0.035(E150a) liquid, CAL-002 A610nm(0.1%w/v): 0.065(E150a) liquid, CAL-004 A610nm(0.1%w/v): 0.053(E150a) liquid, CAP-001 A610nm(0.1%w/v): 0.100(E150a) powder, caramel color powdered, class I caramel colors, class II caramel colors, class III caramel colors, class IV caramel colors, caramel liquid, extrapone caramel milk N (Symrise), CCL-012 A610nm(0.1%w/v): 0.108(E150c) liquid, CCL-015 A610nm(0.1%w/v): 0.130(E150c) liquid, CCL-053 A610nm(0.1%w/v): 0.152 Liquid, CCL-056 A610nm(0.1%w/v): 0.180(E150c) liquid, CCP-001 A610nm(0.1%w/v): 0.200(E150c) powder, CCP-002 A610nm(0.1%w/v): 0.220(E150c) powder, CDL-001 A610nm(0.1%w/v): 0.250(E150d) liquid, CDL-004 A610nm(0.1%w/v): 0.245(E150d) liquid, CDL-005 A610nm(0.1%w/v): 0.265(E150d) liquid, CDL-007 A610nm(0.1%w/v): 0.135(E150d) liquid, CDL-008 A610nm(0.1%w/v): 0.240(E150d) liquid, CDP-003 A610nm(0.1%w/v): 0.230(E150d) powder, CDP-005 A610nm(0.1%w/v): 0.530(E150d) powder, natural brown 10, sethness 858, burnt sugar coloring, Ammonia caramel, baker's caramel, confectioner's caramel, beer caramel, Sulphite ammonia caramel, Caramel color IV, Class IV caramel, E150d, INS 150d, Strong caramel color, Double-reacted caramel color
E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel, also known as Sulphite Ammonia Caramel, is produced by heating carbohydrates in the presence of both ammonium and sulfite compounds.
This type of caramel color, E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel, carries a negative charge, similar to E150b, but with additional complexity due to the dual presence of ammonium and sulfite ions.
Why Preferred: E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel offers the deepest, most stable color, ideal for products requiring long shelf life and strong visual appeal.
E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel is produced with both ammonium and sulphite compounds, offering a dark brown colour and excellent acid stability.
E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel is sweet aroma; red-brown color; stable in alcohol and salt-rich environments.
E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel, known as sulphite ammonia caramel or Class IV caramel color, is the darkest and most complex form of caramel color.
E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel is produced by the controlled heat treatment of carbohydrates in the presence of both ammonium and sulphite compounds.
This dual-reactant system creates highly stable, intensely colored nitrogen- and sulphur-containing polymers.
E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel is the most chemically complex caramel color due to the combined action of ammonia and sulphite chemistry.
E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel is especially valued in beverage manufacturing because of its exceptional acid stability and intense coloration.
Compared to E150a, E150b, and E150c, E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel has the highest color intensity and the most complex molecular structure.
E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel's production involves controlled Maillard-type reactions and caramelization processes that generate a wide range of polymeric chromophores responsible for its deep color.
E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel (Sulphite ammonia caramel or Caramel Color IV or E150d) is a chemical compound, a type of caramel produced by the controlled heat treatment of carbohydrates, in this case the sugar, in presence of both sulphites and ammonium compounds, an ingredient included in the list of European food additives as a colouring agent.
The name of E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel describes the structure of the molecule:
"Sulfite" refers to the use of sulfite compounds in the process.
Sulfites are a type of sulfur-based compound that is often used as a preservative in foods and beverages.
"Ammonia" refers to the use of ammonia or ammonium compounds in the process.
Ammonia is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen.
"Caramel" refers to the product of the process, a brown liquid or powder used primarily as a dye in food and beverages.
E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel is basically a water-soluble food coloring that is made by heat treatment in a process called caramelization.
E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel is pale yellow or amber to dark brown in color.
E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel is a highly versatile and concentrated food colourant produced through the controlled heat treatment of food-grade carbohydrates.
Classified as a Class IV caramel, E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel is manufactured in the presence of both sulphite and ammonium compounds, resulting in a dark brown liquid with a strong negative ionic charge.
This specific ionic profile ensures exceptional stability and dispersibility across a wide pH range, making E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel particularly suitable for acidic environments such as carbonated beverages.
This liquid colourant, E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel, provides excellent heat and light stability, ensuring consistent visual appeal in various food and food supplement applications, including confectionery, bakery products, and savoury sauces.
As one of the most widely utilised caramel colours globally, E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel offers a robust solution for achieving deep brown hues while maintaining product integrity during processing.
The food colorant E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel belongs to the group of additives E150 (Caramel Colour).
E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel is resistant to high acidity, light exposure, and temperature fluctuations.
E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel is suitable for products that are subjected to high heat and pressure during processing and have high acidity.
E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel, also known as caramel coloring, is one of the oldest and most used colorings in food and beverage.
E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel's color ranges from pale yellow to amber to dark brown and can create several colors when added in foods.
E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel is gluten-free plus vegan.
Function of E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel is Food additives, color.
USES and APPLICATIONS of E150d SULPHITE AMMONIA CARAMEL:
E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel is the most widely used caramel color in industrial food production.
In soft drinks, especially colas, E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel is the primary coloring agent responsible for the characteristic dark brown appearance and uniform color consistency.
In alcoholic beverages, E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel is used in beer, whiskey, rum, and liqueurs to standardize and enhance color.
In sauces and condiments, E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel provides deep brown coloration in soy sauce, gravies, and barbecue sauces.
In bakery and confectionery, E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel is used in syrups, fillings, coatings, and dessert products.
In pharmaceutical formulations, E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel is used to color liquid syrups and oral medications.
E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel is commonly used in colas and other beverages, where its deep color and stability in acidic environments are highly valued.
The negative charge and the presence of both ammonium and sulfite compounds make E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel highly versatile, allowing it to perform well in a variety of formulations.
E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel is also used in other food products such as soy sauce, gravies, and bakery goods, where a strong and stable color is required.
The dual-reactant process used in producing E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel ensures that it provides a robust color while maintaining compatibility with a wide range of ingredients and processing conditions.
E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel is used Beer, cereal, pet food, licorice, confectionery, and gravy, soy, and BBQ sauce
E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel is widely used in beverages, particularly cola-type soft drinks, due to its strong color intensity, excellent stability, and cost efficiency.
E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel dissolves well in water and shows high microbiological stability.
E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel helps prevent the growth of harmful microorganisms in the final product.
E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel also helps prevent sediment formation in products — this is due to the molecules of E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel having either a positive or negative residual charge, depending on the reagents used during production.
Like all types in the E150 group, the E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel is produced by heat treatment of carbohydrates such as glucose or sucrose.
E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel's main difference lies in the addition of ammonium and sulfite compounds (alkalis and acids) to the reaction mixture.
For the production of additive E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel, the following substances may be used: ammonium phosphate, ammonium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, ammonium sulfate, ammonium sulfite and bisulfite, sodium sulfite and bisulfite, potassium sulfite and bisulfite, ammonium carbonate and bicarbonate.
E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel is used Beverages, Yoghurt, Soft Drinks, Liquor, Confectionery, Milk products, Essence, Ice creams, Pharmaceuticals, Sauces, Soups, Pudding, Baby Foods, Bakery Products, balsamic vinegar, coffee, chocolate syrups, soft drinks and other carbonated beverages, baked goods, cocoa extenders, pet foods, sauces, soups, meat rubs, seasoning blends, and other flavorings, etc.
E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel is utilised in acidic applications such as soft drinks.
E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel is a widely used, safe food colourant at certain levels.
-Applications of E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel:
Dark sodas: cola.
Alcoholic beverages: whiskey, rum.
Sauces: soy sauce, barbecue sauce.
Processed foods: meats, confectionery.
CHARACTERISTICS of E150d SULPHITE AMMONIA CARAMEL:
E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel is characterized by:
*Extremely dark brown to black coloration
*Very high color strength (strongest among caramel classes)
*Complex nitrogen- and sulphur-containing polymer structure
*Excellent stability in acidic beverage systems
*High water solubility and colloidal stability
*Anionic (negatively charged) behavior in solution
*Presence of trace process contaminants (e.g., 4-MEI, sulphite residues)
*Strong resistance to pH variation and light exposure
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of E150d SULPHITE AMMONIA CARAMEL:
E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel is typically a very dark brown to black viscous liquid or spray-dried powder.
E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel has a strong burnt sugar odor and a slightly bitter taste.
E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel is highly soluble in water, forming stable colloidal solutions.
E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel is insoluble in most organic solvents.
The solubility of E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel is enhanced by the presence of sulfonated and nitrogen-containing functional groups formed during manufacturing.
E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel does not have a defined melting point due to its polymeric and heterogeneous nature; it decomposes upon heating at elevated temperatures.
Chemically, E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel consists of a complex mixture of caramelized carbohydrate polymers modified by both ammonia and sulphite reactions.
This results in a highly diverse mixture of melanoidins, sulfonated compounds, and nitrogen-containing heterocycles.
E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel typically exhibits an anionic character due to sulfonate groups, which enhances stability in acidic environments such as soft drinks.
E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel is highly stable under acidic conditions and maintains strong color intensity even at low pH.
E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel also shows good resistance to light and moderate thermal stability.
E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel may contain trace amounts of process-related byproducts such as 4-methylimidazole (4-MEI) and sulphite residues, depending on production conditions.
FUNCTION of E150d SULPHITE AMMONIA CARAMEL:
E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel provides a rich, dark brown tone with high stability.
Like E150c, E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel may contain 4-MEI and sulfites, so its use is strictly regulated.
PRODUCTION of E150d SULPHITE AMMONIA CARAMEL:
Sugar is processed with both sulfite and ammonia compounds, resulting in the darkest and most intense caramel color.
KEY CHARACTERISTICS of E150d SULPHITE AMMONIA CARAMEL:
Colour – dark brown, almost black (the darkest in the group).
Odour – burnt sugar.
Form – powder or liquid.
Taste – bitter.
Kusum class IV caramel colour is very stable in various processing and packaging conditions.
Beverage manufacturers sometimes use the terms of “single strength” and “double strength”.
They are general terms describing the relative colour strength of caramel colour and may cover different ranges of colour.
Double strength caramel colour was originally developed for use in dietetic beverages as it reduces the caloric content contributed to the beverage by the caramel colour to about 25% of that contributed by a single strength.
BENEFITS of E150d SULPHITE AMMONIA CARAMEL:
E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel provides several key functional advantages:
*Extremely strong coloring power at low dosage.
*Excellent stability in acidic environments.
*High solubility in water-based systems.
*Cost-effective industrial colorant.
*Consistent performance in beverages and processed foods.
*Compatible with carbonation systems (soft drinks).
PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of E150d SULPHITE AMMONIA CARAMEL:
CAS Number: 8028-89-5 (mixture; not a single defined compound)
EC Number: 232-435-9
Molecular Formula: Not applicable (complex mixture of polymeric reaction products)
Molecular Weight: Variable (broad distribution of high-molecular-weight caramel polymers)
Appearance: Very dark brown to black liquid or spray-dried powder
Color: Extremely intense brown to near-black (highest strength among caramel classes)
Odor: Burnt sugar-like, slightly bitter
Taste: Bitter, caramelized, often not sensory-relevant at usage levels
Physical State: Viscous liquid or amorphous solid (powder form when dried)
Solubility in Water: Highly soluble; forms stable colloidal solutions
Solubility in Organic Solvents: Insoluble in most organic solvents
Molecular Nature: Complex heterogeneous mixture of polymeric caramel products
Chemical Composition: Carbohydrate-derived polymers reacted with both ammonia and sulphite compounds
Functional Groups Present: Nitrogen-containing heterocycles + sulfonate groups
Ionic Character: Strongly anionic due to sulfonation
pH (Typical Solution): Acidic to neutral depending on formulation
Thermal Stability: Stable under normal processing; gradual degradation at high heat
Heat Behavior: Does not melt; decomposes upon heating
Melting Point: Not applicable (non-crystalline polymer mixture)
Boiling Point: Not defined (non-volatile substance)
Light Stability: Good stability under normal lighting conditions
Oxidation Stability: Moderate; slow darkening possible under oxidative stress
Viscosity: Variable; depends on concentration and molecular weight distribution
Volatility: Non-volatile
Hygroscopicity: Low to moderate depending on formulation
Reactivity: Chemically stable under normal conditions; may degrade under extreme pH or high heat
Colloidal Behavior: Forms highly stable colloidal dispersions in aqueous systems
Charge Stability: Excellent stability in acidic environments due to anionic sulfonate groups
Special Chemical Features: May contain trace process-related compounds such as 4-methylimidazole (4-MEI) and sulphite residues
Color Strength: Very high tinting strength and opacity at low concentrations
Classification: E-150d
Product: Liquid Caramel Type IV Plain Food Grade [Double Strength]
EEC No.: E-150d
Colour: Dark brown
Taste: Pungent Burn Sugar
Odour: Pleasant odour of Burn Sugar
Consistency: Free Flowing Liquid
Specific Gravity: 1.25
Colour Strength: 0.26 at OD 610 nm Dilution 1:1000 EBC 42000 to 45000
PH: 2.8 to 3.0
Phosphoric acid Test: Passes
Solubility: Passes (Soluble in 65% Alcohol V / V)
Acid Solubility: Resistant to strong Acid
FIRST AID MEASURES of E150d SULPHITE AMMONIA CARAMEL:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available
ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of E150d SULPHITE AMMONIA CARAMEL:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.
FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of E150d SULPHITE AMMONIA CARAMEL:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.
EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of E150d SULPHITE AMMONIA CARAMEL:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.
HANDLING and STORAGE of E150d SULPHITE AMMONIA CARAMEL:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
STABILITY and REACTIVITY of E150d SULPHITE AMMONIA CARAMEL:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
