E151

    
EC / List no.: 219-746-5
CAS no.: 2519-30-4

E151, Brilliant Black PN, Brilliant Black A, Black PN, Food Black 1, Naphthol Black, C.I. Food Black 1, or C.I. 28440, is a synthetic black diazo dye. 
E151 is soluble in water. 
E151 usually comes as tetrasodium salt. 
E151 has the appearance of solid, fine powder or granules. 
Calcium and potassium salts are allowed as well.

When used as a food dye, its E number is E151. 
E151 is used in food decorations and coatings, desserts, sweets, ice cream, mustard, red fruit jams, soft drinks, flavored milk drinks, fish paste, lumpfish caviar and other foods.

E151 has been banned in the United States, Switzerland, Japan.
E151 is approved in the European Union.
E151 was banned in Norway until 2001 when it was unbanned due to trade relationships with other countries.

E151 is used for staining animal by-products in category 2.

Uses:
Black PN is a synthetic dye used in foods and cosmetics. Additive. Also used as a modulator of adenosine A1/A3 receptors as potential therapeutic agents for conditions involving metabolic stress.

E151 has been used:
in micronucleus and comet assays to evaluate its genotoxic effect.
as a quenching agent in calcium mobilization assay.
as a redox indicator in microbiological inhibition bioassay using Bacillus megaterium to detect tetracycline and macrolides in milk.

General Description    
E151 (BB) is a azo dye which is basically a tetra sodium salt. 
E151 is a synthetic dye mainly used as food additive. 
E151 is used as colouring agent to enhance the appearance. 
E151 is usually used in jellies, brown sauces and cake mixes.

Biochem/physiol Actions
[4-acetamido-5-hydroxy-6-[7-sulfonato-4-(4-sulfonatophenylazo)-1-naphtylazo], also known as food black 1, belongs to the group of azo dyes. E151 is widely used as a food dye and pharmaceutical excipient. 
In addition, it also acts as an allosteric modulator of the adenosine A1 and A3 receptors and is generally used within calcium mobilization assays to reduce extracellular fluorescence.

Properties and Applications
black. Soluble in water for dark purple, slightly soluble in ethanol for red light blue. 
The strong sulfuric acid for Tracy in blue, blue for red after diluted. 
The dye solution to join strong hydrochloric acid for navy, add thick sodium hydroxide solution for black purple.

Application
E151 has been used:
in micronucleus and comet assays to evaluate its genotoxic effect.
as a quenching agent in calcium mobilization assay.
as a redox indicator in microbiological inhibition bioassay using Bacillus megaterium to detect tetracycline and macrolides in milk.

Biochem/physiol Actions
[4-acetamido-5-hydroxy-6-[7-sulfonato-4-(4-sulfonatophenylazo)-1-naphtylazo], also known as food black 1, belongs to the group of azo dyes. 
E151 is widely used as a food dye and pharmaceutical excipient. 
In addition, it also acts as an allosteric modulator of the adenosine A1 and A3 receptors and is generally used within calcium mobilization assays to reduce extracellular fluorescence.

Description    
E151 is an azo dye and a food colorant. 
E151 is a promising antiviral agent against EV71 infection via inhibiting the interaction between EV71 and its cellular uncoating factor cyclophilin A. 
E151 has the potential for the investigation of contagious disease.

Colorant - Pigments or dyes that are added in order to change or enhance the color.
E151, also known as Brilliant Black PN, Brilliant Black A, Black PN, Food Black 1, Naphthol Black, C.I. Food Black 1, or C.I. 28440, is a synthetic black diazo dye. As a food dye (E number 151), it can be used in food decorations and coatings, desserts, sweets, ice cream, mustard, red fruit jams, soft drinks, flavored milk drinks, fish paste, lumpfish caviar and other foods.
E151 is approved to use as coloring in food and cosmetics in EU.

Identifiers
INS No. 151
Black PN
E 151; Brilliant Black PN
CAS No. 2519-30-4
CI Food Black 1
CI No. 28440

Physical Description
Black BN is a bis-azo dye that occurs as black powder or granules. 
E151 consists of tetrasodium salt of 4-acetamido-5-hydroxy-6-([7-sulfonato-4-[((4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]naphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl)naphthalene-1,7-disulfonate and subsidiary coloring matters together with sodium chloride and/or sodium sulfate as the principal uncolored components. 
Black BN may be converted to the corresponding aluminum lake.

Common Uses:
Black BN can be used to color confectionery, decorations and coatings, desserts including flavored milk products, edible cheese rind, edible ices, fine bakery wares, fish and fish products, non-alcoholic flavored drinks, non-dairy beverages, sauces and seasonings, and savory snacks.

Application

E151 has been used:
• in micronucleus and comet assays to evaluate its genotoxic effect.
• as a quenching agent in calcium mobilization assay.
• as a redox indicator in microbiological inhibition bioassay using Bacillus megaterium to detect tetracycline and macrolides in milk.

Biochem/physiol Actions
[4-acetamido-5-hydroxy-6-[7-sulfonato-4-(4-sulfonatophenylazo)-1-naphtylazo], also known as food black 1, belongs to the group of azo dyes. 
E151 is widely used as a food dye and pharmaceutical excipient. 
In addition, it also acts as an allosteric modulator of the adenosine A1 and A3 receptors and is generally used within calcium mobilization assays to reduce extracellular fluorescence.

Description: CI Food Black 1. E151 is a synthetic colour and an azo coal tar derivative. A highly toxic additive with many side effects.

Many of these dyes are discharged into the environment, like rivers and therefore can find their way into animals and ultimately humans. 
Also known as Black PN

Uses: 
E151 is used in decorations and coatings, brown sauces, blackcurrant cake mixes, desserts, fish paste, flavoured milk drinks, ice cream, mustard, red fruit jams, sauces, savoury snacks, soft drinks, soups and sweets.

Identifiers
CAS Number: 2519-30-4
ChemSpider: 21159661
EC Number: 219-746-5
E number: E151 (colours)
PubChem CID: 5359750

Properties
Chemical formula: C28H17N5Na4O14S4
Molar mass: 867.66 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

What is the difference between a dye and a pigment?

Pigments

There are two different types of pigments: Natural and Synthetic. 
Pigments are insoluble materials that are ground into a fine powder so that they can be suspended in a binder (usually an oil). 
Insolubility means that pigments can never be dissolved into the binder, the fine particles of the powder are suspended and stay solid in the binder. 
The binder surrounds the pigment particles and holds them in place.

Pigments produce paints that are more opaque than dyes and have low tinting strength. 
Opacity is the ability for paint to cover and hide another dried color that it has been applied over. 
Tinting strength is how well a color mixes with other colors. 
(Example: When mixing blue with white, how well does the blue disperse into the white? or How blue does the white look after the mixing?)

The first colorants that were used to create paint were naturally occuring earthen pigments. 
Prehistoric people used ochres and iron oxides to create images on cave walls in Lascaux, France. 
Many natural insoluble pigments are still used today in artists’ paints. 
Metals are also natural insoluble pigments, like cadmium, titanium, and lead (very toxic).

Dyes
There two types of dyes: Natural and Synthetic. 
Dyes, in contrast to pigments, are soluble colorants. Solubility means that dyes are dissolved into a binder (usually water). 
Dyes are more transparent than pigments. 
Transparency of dyes makes these colors very good for glazing over previous layers of paint. 
Dyes have high tinting strength. 
A dye based paint, like pthalo blue, concentrates its own color when mixed with another color of paint, like titanium white.

Dyes originally were derived from natural sources. 
Plants were primarily used to get dyes. 
Today some dyes are still organic, but many are created from synthetic materials. 
Indian Yellow is a good example of why synthetic dyes have replaced some naturally derived colors. 
The original Indian Yellow was made from dried elephant urine, but now it is considered inhumane to force an healthy diet onto an animal in order to influence the color of their urine. 
Today’s Indian Yellow is made from a synthetic dye.

About E151
Helpful information
E151 is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 to < 100 tonnes per annum.

E151 is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Consumer Uses
E151 is used in the following products: inks and toners, cosmetics and personal care products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), fertilisers, paper chemicals and dyes, plant protection products, textile treatment products and dyes, washing & cleaning products and water treatment chemicals.
Other release to the environment of E151 is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.
Article service life
Other release to the environment of E151 is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment). E151 can be found in products with material based on: stone, plaster, cement, glass or ceramic (e.g. dishes, pots/pans, food storage containers, construction and isolation material), fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys), paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper), leather (e.g. gloves, shoes, purses, furniture), metal (e.g. cutlery, pots, toys, jewellery), wood (e.g. floors, furniture, toys) and plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones).

Widespread uses by professional workers
E151 is used in the following products: inks and toners, paper chemicals and dyes, textile treatment products and dyes, cosmetics and personal care products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), fertilisers, non-metal-surface treatment products, leather treatment products, plant protection products, washing & cleaning products and water treatment chemicals.
E151 is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing, printing and recorded media reproduction and building & construction work.
E151 is used for the manufacture of: textile, leather or fur, wood and wood products, food products and pulp, paper and paper products.
Other release to the environment of E151 is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.
Formulation or re-packing
ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or in which chemical products the substance might be used. Release to the environment of E151 can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
Uses at industrial sites
E151 is used in the following products: inks and toners, paper chemicals and dyes, textile treatment products and dyes, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, fertilisers, metal surface treatment products, leather treatment products, plant protection products, washing & cleaning products and water treatment chemicals.
E151 has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
E151 is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing and building & construction work.
E151 is used for the manufacture of: textile, leather or fur, chemicals, wood and wood products, pulp, paper and paper products and plastic products.
Release to the environment of E151 can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles and in processing aids at industrial sites.
Manufacture
Release to the environment of E151 can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.

IUPAC NAMES:
tetrasodium (6E)-4-acetamido-5-oxo-6-[[7-sulfonato-4-[(4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]naphthalen-1-yl]hydrazinylidene]naphthalene-1,7-disulfonate
tetrasodium (6Z)-4-acetamido-5-oxo-6-(2-{7-sulfonato-4-[(E)-2-(4-sulfonatophenyl)diazen-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}hydrazin-1-ylidene)-5,6-dihydronaphthalene-1,7-disulfonate
tetrasodium (6Z)-4-acetamido-5-oxo-6-[[7-sulfonato-4-(4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenylnaphthalen-1-yl]hydrazinylidene]naphthalene-1,7-disulfonate
Tetrasodium 1-acetamido-2-hydroxy-3-(4-((4-sulphonatophenylazo)-7-sulphonato-1-naphthylazo))naphthalene-4,6-disulphonate
tetrasodium 1-acetamido-2-hydroxy-3-(4-((4-sulphonatophenylazo)-7-sulphonato-1-naphthylazo))naphthalene-4,6-disulphonate
tetrasodium 4-acetamido-5-hydroxy-6-({7-sulfonato-4-[(4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]-1-naphthyl}diazenyl)naphthalene-1,7-disulfonate
tetrasodium;(6E)-4-acetamido-5-oxo-6-[[7-sulfonato-4-[(4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]naphthalen-1-yl]hydrazinylidene]naphthalene-1,7-disulfonate

IUPAC NAMES:
1,7-naphthalenedisulfonicacid,4-(acetylamino)-5-hydroxy-6-[[7-sulfo-4-[(4-sul
1,7-naphthalenedisulfonicacid,4-acetamido-5-hydroxy-6-((7-sulfo-4-((p-sulfoph
1743black
7-naphthalenedisulfonicacid,4-acetamido-5-hydroxy-6-((7-sulfo-4-((p-sulfophenyl)azo)-1-naphthyl)azo)-tetrasodiumsalt
blueblackbn
brilliantacidblackbnaexport
brilliantacidblackbnextrapurea
brilliantblacka
brilliantblackn.fq
brilliantblacknaf
brilliantschwarzbn
c.i.foodblack1,tetrasodiumsalt
cernbrilantnipn
cernpotravinarska1
certicolblackpnw
cilefablackb
edicolsuprablackbn
hexacolblackpn
l-schwarz1
melanblack
noirbrillantbn
xyleneblackf
NAPHTHOL BLACK
BLACK PN
BRILLIANT BLACK
E151
BRILLIANT BLACK PN
E151
CI 28440
CI 27260
FOOD BLACK 1
BRILLIANT BLACK 1
WOOL BLACK
tetrasodium 1-acetamido-2-hydroxy-3-(4-((4-sulphonatophenylazo)-7-sulphonato-1-naphthylazo))naphthalene-4,6-disulphonate
E151 (C.I. 28440)
WOOL BLACK (C.I. 28440)
BRILLANT BLACK
1,7-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 4-(acetylamino)-5-hydroxy-6-7-sulfo-4-(4-sulfophenyl)azo-1-naphthalenylazo-, tetrasodium salt
brillant black bn
CIFOODBLACK1
Bright melanin
Hodgsons Hexacol Black PN
4-(Acetylamino)-5-hydroxy-6-[[7-sulfo-4-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-1-naphtyl]azo]-1,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid tetrasodium salt
Tetrasodium 4-(acetylamino)-5-hydroxy-6-[(E)-{7-sulfonato-4-[(E)-(4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]naphthalen-1-yl}diazenyl]naphthalene-1,7-disulfonate
Black PN (~80%)
Brilliant Blac
Food Black
C.I.Food Black 1:C.I.28440