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E282 Calcium Propionate is the European designation for calcium propionate, the calcium salt of propionic acid.
E282 Calcium Propionate belongs to the group of preservatives and is widely used in the food industry to extend the shelf life of products by inhibiting the growth of moulds and certain bacteria.
CAS Number: 4075-81-4 check
3D model (JSmol): Interactive image
ChemSpider: 18840
ECHA InfoCard: 100.021.633
EC Number: 223-795-8
E number: E282 (preservatives)
KEGG: D09875
UNII: 8AI80040KW
Molar mass: 186.2192 g/mol
Synonyms: propionic acid calcium,Calcium dipropionate,CALCIUM PROPIONATE POWDER,CALCIUM PROPIONATE FOOD GRADE,Encapsulated Calcium Propionate,bioban-c,CAPROSIL SALZ,MAGNESIA 87264,MAGGRAN(R) CPR,CAPROSIL SALT G
Description
Calcium propionate, also commonly known as calcium propanoate, is a white powder that has a faint smell.
The compound is stable at room temperature.
E282 Calcium Propionate is hygroscopic and incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
E282 Calcium Propionate has a melting point of 300°C and a pH value of 7 to 9.
E282 Calcium Propionate is slightly soluble in alcohol and fully soluble in water.
Calcium Propionate as the newer food antifungal agent, is the calcium salt of propanoic acid which is a antifungal agent.
E282 Calcium Propionate
appears as white crystalline or powder, odorless or having slight specific odor of propionic acid, stable under light and heat , hygroscopic, soluble in water while aqueous solution is alkaline, slightly soluble in methanol and ethanol, not soluble in benzene and acetone.
E282 Calcium Propionate is deliquescent in moist air and loses crystal water when heated to 120°C .
E282 Calcium Propionate changes phase at 200~210°C and decomposes to calcium carbonate at 330~340°C .
Under acidic conditions, E282 Calcium Propionate generates free propanoic acid which is weaker than sorbic acid while stronger than acetic acid, and has an antibacterial effect on Aspergillus niger and gas bacillus rather than yeast .
Calcium Propionate is a normal intermediate product of animal metabolism and is safe eaten by animals.
E282 Calcium Propionate has a broad antibacterial activity to mold bacteria and yeast bacteria, inhibiting the propagation of microorganisms, preventing feed molding, which can be used as a fungicide on food and feed and a preservative for bread and pastries.
As a feed additive ,E282 Calcium Propionate can effectively prevent feed molding and prolong shelf life of feed.
If combined with other inorganic complexes, E282 Calcium Propionate can also improve the appetite of livestock, increase milk production in cows, and its dosage is less than 0.3% of the combined feed (use propionic acid to count).
Calcium propanoate or calcium propionate has the formula Ca(C2H5COO)2.
E282 Calcium Propionate is the calcium salt of propanoic acid.
E282 Calcium Propionate is a preservative commonly used in baked goods around the world, where E282 Calcium Propionate extends their shelf life by inhibiting the growth of spoilage microorganisms, namely mold and ropy bacteria.
E282 (Calcium Propionate) is a synthetic food preservative used to extend shelf life by preventing mold and bacterial growth.
E282 Calcium Propionate is most commonly found in bread, cakes, and baked goods.
General Description
Calcium propionate is generally used as a food preservative in bread.
E282 Calcium Propionate has also been reported to reduce milk fever in dairy cows. Calcium propionate is the most effective below pH 5.5.
Below this pH, the active component, propionic acid, is undissociated and becomes active.
The dough pH needs to be below 5.5 and well controlled to effectively control mold.
Chemical Properties
Calcium propionate is a white, crystalline powder with a slightly cheesy odour.
E282 Calcium Propionate is readily soluble in water and heat-stable, making E282 Calcium Propionate particularly suitable for use in baking processes.
Its chemical formula is Ca(C₂H₅COO)₂.
Calcium propanoate or calcium propionate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula Ca(C2H5COO)2.
E282 Calcium Propionate is the calcium salt of propanoic acid.
Common Uses & Properties
Primary Application: Widely used in bakery products, processed meats, and dairy products like cheese.
Dosage: Typically added to commercial bread formulations in small amounts, between 0.1% and 0.4%.
Yeast Friendly: E282 Calcium Propionate effectively targets mold without interfering with the fermentation process of baking yeast.
Dietary Status: Vegan, gluten-free, and halal/kosher compliant as E282 Calcium Propionate contains no animal-derived ingredients or lactose.
Preparation
Calcium propionate is produced by reacting calcium hydroxide with propionic acid.
The industrial production of Calcium propionate and sodium propionate is carried out by the neutralization of propionic acid with the corresponding hydroxides and subsequent spraydrying of the concentrated aqueous solutions.
Uses
Food additive
As a food additive, E282 Calcium Propionate is listed as E number 282 in the Codex Alimentarius.
Calcium propionate is used as a preservative in a variety of products including bread, baked goods, processed meat, whey, and dairy products.
E282 Calcium Propionate is only effective in foods with a pH of 5.5 or below (i.e., foods that are relatively more acidic).
In bakery products, E282 Calcium Propionate acts as a mold inhibitor, typically added at 0.1–0.4%.
Calcium propionate and sodium propionate are effective against both Bacillus mesentericus (rope) and mold.
Calcium propionate (E 282) is used as a food preservative in food production.
Calcium propionate is also used in animal feed production, tobacco products, and pharmaceuticals.
Agriculture
In agriculture, E282 Calcium Propionate is used to prevent milk fever in cows and as a feed supplement.
E282 Calcium Propionate can be used as a fungicide on fruit.
Industrial
E282 Calcium Propionate is of research interest in the production of belite cement clinkers and as a dual NOx/SOx reducing agent in coal furnaces.
Uses
In Food
During dough preparation, calcium propionate is added with other ingredients as a preservative and nutritional supplement in food production such as bread, processed meat, other baked goods, dairy products, and whey.
Calcium propionate is mostly effective below pH 5.5, which is relatively equal to the pH required in the dough preparation to effectively control mold.
Calcium propionate can assist in lowering the levels of sodium in bread.
Calcium propionate can be used as an browning agent in processed vegetables and fruits.
Other chemicals that can be used as alternatives to calcium propionate is sodium propionate.
In Beverage
Calcium propionate is used in preventing the growth of microorganisms in beverages.
In Pharmaceuticals
Calcium propionate powder is utilized as an anti-microbial agent.
E282 Calcium Propionate is also used in retarding mold in key aloe vera holistic therapy for treating numerous infections.
Large concentrations of aloe vera liquid that is normally added to feel pellets cannot be made without using calcium propionate to inhibit mold growth on the product.
In Agriculture
Calcium propionate is used as a food supplement and in preventing milk fever in cows.
The compound can also be used in poultry feed, animal feed, for instance cattle and dog food.
E282 Calcium Propionate is also used as a pesticide.
In Cosmetics
Calcium propionate E282 inhibit or prevent bacterial growth, therefore protect cosmetic products from spoilage.
The material is also used in controlling the pH of personal care and cosmetic products.
Industrial Uses
Calcium propionate is used in paint and coating additives.
E282 Calcium Propionate is also used as plating and surface treating agents.
In Photography
Calcium propionate is used in making photo chemicals and photographic supplies.
Uses
Calcium Propionate is the salt of propionic acid which functions as a preservative.
E282 Calcium Propionate is the most widely used antimycotic in breadmaking.
E282 Calcium Propionate is effective against mold, has limited activity against bacteria, and no activity against yeast.
E282 Calcium Propionate is soluble in water with a solubility of 49 g/100 ml of water at 0°c and insoluble in alcohol.
E282 Calcium Propionate is less soluble than sodium propionate. its optimum effectiveness is up to ph 5.0 and it has reduced action above ph 6.0.
E282 Calcium Propionate is often utilized at about 0.2%, flour basis; higher concentrations lead to flavor problems and begin to inhibit yeast fermentation.
E282 Calcium Propionate is used in bakery products, breads, and pizza crust to protect against mold and “rope.”
E282 Calcium Propionate is also used in cold-pack cheese food and pie fillings.
typical usage level is 0.2–0.3% and 0.1–0.4% based on flour weight.
Application
As a food additive, E282 Calcium Propionate is listed as E number 282 in the Codex Alimentarius.
Calcium propanoate is used as a preservative in a wide variety of products, including but not limited to bread, other baked goods, processed meat, whey, and other dairy products.
In agriculture, E282 Calcium Propionate is used, amongst other things, to prevent milk fever in cows and as a feed supplement Propanoates prevent microbes from producing the energy they need, like benzoates do. However, unlike benzoates, propanoates do not require an acidic environment.
Calcium propanoate is used in bakery products as a mold inhibitor, typically at 0.1- 0.4 % (though animal feed may contain up to 1 % ) .
When propanoic acid is infused directly into rodents' brains, it produces reversible behavior changes (e.g. hyperactivity, dystonia, social impairment, perseveration ) and brain changes (e.g. innate neuroinflammation, glutathione depletion) that may be used as a model of human autism in rats.
According to the Pesticide Action Network North America, calcium propionate is slightly toxic .
This rating is not uncommon for food products; vitamin C is also rated by the same standards as being slightly toxic .
Calcium propanoate can be used as a fungicide on fruit.
Applications
E282 Calcium Propionate is primarily used in the following food products:
Bread and baked goods (e.g. sliced bread, toast bread)
Pre-baked goods and baking mixes
Processed cheese and cheese products
Certain delicatessen products
Regulatory Amount
FAO/WHO (1984): Processed cheese 3000mg/kg (alone or in combination with propionic acid, sorbic acid and its salts ).
Japan (use propionic acid to count): 2.5g/kg ( the product 3.15g).
E282 Calcium Propionate is mainly used for bread and pastry.
1.0g calcium salt (monohydrate) equals 0.790g propanoic acid ).
The excess of amount will prevent the growth of yeast in the bread, which damages the flavor.
E282 Calcium Propionate can be used to prevent growth of Aspergillus niger (Asp.Niger), aerobic spore-forming bacteria (B.Subtilis) .
USDA, 9CFR, §318.7 (2000): flour products, 0.32% (use wheat flour amount to count, alone or together with the amount of sodium propionate).
USDA§381.147 (1994): The new pie dough 3% (use wheat flour amount to count).
Calcium salt is generally used in bread while sodium salt is used in West Point .
Alkalinity resulting from the use of sodium causes the delaying of the dough fermentation but use of calcium can strengthen the role of calcium.
If calcium salt is used in West Point, then E282 Calcium Propionate can react to the sodium bicarbonate in the leavening agent, producing insoluble calcium carbonate, which reduces the amount of CO2 generated,so sodium salt is mainly used .
Mechanism of Action
Propionic acid and its salts exert antimicrobial effects by interfering with the cellular metabolism of moulds and gram-negative bacteria.
The undissociated form of propionic acid penetrates the cell membrane of microorganisms, lowers the intracellular pH, and disrupts vital enzymatic reactions, thereby inhibiting growth or killing the organisms.
E282 Calcium Propionate is less effective against yeasts, which is why E282 Calcium Propionate can be used in yeast-leavened products without interfering with the fermentation process.
Properties
Chemical formula: C6H10CaO4
Molar mass: 186.2192 g/mol
Appearance: White crystalline solid
Melting point: 385 °C (725 °F; 658 K)[2]
Solubility in water: 49 g/100 mL (0 °C), 55.8 g/100 mL (100 °C)
Solubility: slightly soluble in methanol, ethanol, insoluble in acetone, benzene
Safety and Health Assessment
Propionic acid is a naturally occurring substance that is also produced in human metabolism, for example during intestinal fermentation.
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has classified E282 as safe and has not established a numerical ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake) value, as propionates occur naturally in normal metabolism and are generally well tolerated.
Nevertheless, scientific discussion has raised the possibility that high propionate intake may be associated with changes in glucose metabolism and neurobiological effects.
Some studies have discussed a potential link to behavioural issues in children, but the evidence in this area has not yet been conclusively assessed.
For typical dietary intake levels, E282 is considered safe.
Safety & Side Effects
Regulatory Status: Recognized as generally safe (GRAS) by global authorities, including the FDA and EFSA.
Metabolism: The body metabolizes E282 Calcium Propionate into propionic acid (a short-chain fatty acid) and calcium, leaving no toxic accumulation.
Potential Risks: Extremely safe for the general public, though rare sensitivities in highly prone individuals may link excessive intake to mild headaches or digestive discomfort.
Safety
Calcium propionate is affirmed as GRAS for use as an antimicrobial under 21 C.F.R.184.122 1 with no limitation on the level of use other than current good manufacturing practice (gmp).
There is no obvious self-limit on the level of use.
In commercial practice the amount of calcium propionate used will be limited by cost and the possibility of imparting off-tastes or textures to food when gmp concentrations are exceeded.
Though Calcium Propionate E282 is regarded as safe supplement, there maybe some side effects: damage your stomach lining by exacerbating gastritis and inducing severe ulcers and cause irritability, restlessness, inattention and sleep disturbance.
Natural Occurrence
Propionic acid occurs naturally in dairy products, particularly in certain cheeses such as Emmental, as well as a metabolic by-product in the human and animal gut.
Calcium propionate, as the salt of this acid, is therefore structurally closely related to naturally occurring compounds.
