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E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid are lipophilic derivatives of vitamin C (ascorbic acid), formed by esterifying ascorbic acid with fatty acids such as palmitic or stearic acid.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid are ascorbyl palmitate (E304i) and ascorbyl stearate (E304ii).
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid are used mainly as antioxidants and stabilizers in food and cosmetic systems.
CAS Number: 137-66-6
Molecular Formula: C22H38O7
Molecular Weight: 414.53
EINECS Number: 205-305-4
Synonyms: ASCORBYL PALMITATE, 137-66-6, L-ascorbyl 6-palmitate, L-ascorbic acid 6-palmitate, ascorbyl monopalmitate, ascorbic palmitate, L-ascorbic acid 6-hexadecanoate, L-ascorbyl palmitate, cetyl ascorbate, 6-O-palmitoyl ascorbate, ascorbylpalmitic acid, ascorbyl palmitic acid, palmitoyl L-ascorbic acid, palmitoyl-L-ascorbic acid, 6-palmitoylascorbic acid, 6-palmitoyl-L-ascorbic acid, 6-hexadecanoyl-L-ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid palmitate, ascorbic acid 6-palmitate, ascorbic acid palmitate (ester), 1-ascorbyl palmitate, L-ascorbyl monopalmitate, 6-monopalmitoyl-L-ascorbate, 6-O-palmitoyl-L-ascorbic acid, E304, E-304, INS 304, INS-304, INCI ascorbyl palmitate, UNII-QN83US2B0N, QN83US2B0N, CHEBI:140768, DTXSID3041611, DTXCID1021611, MFCD00005377, CCRIS 3930, HSDB 418, NSC 402451, NSC-402451, BRN 0096552, EINECS 205-305-4, RefChem:560183, CAS-137-66-6, 6-O-Palmitoyl ascorbate;Ascorbyl Palmitate (2 g);Ascorbyl Palmitate (2 g) (AS);ASCORBYL PALMITATE(ASCORBIC ACID-6-PALMITATE)(P);Ascorbyl palMitate / 6-PalMitoylascorbic acid;VitaMin C Oil Soluble /L-Ascorbyl PalMitate;ASCORBYL PALMITATE;L(+)ASCORBYL PALMITATE
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid consist of an ascorbic acid molecule linked to a long-chain fatty acid, giving them both hydrophilic and lipophilic properties.
This modification makes them soluble in fats and oils rather than water.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid enables antioxidant action in lipid systems.
Physically, E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid appear as white to yellowish powders or waxy solids.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid are soluble in fats and oils and only slightly soluble in water.
They have little to no odor.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid provide antioxidant properties, helping prevent oxidation of fats and oils.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid protect products from rancidity.
This improves shelf life.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid are particularly effective in lipid systems, such as oils, fats, and fat-containing foods.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid inhibit oxidative degradation of unsaturated fatty acids.
This maintains product quality.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid can act as synergistic antioxidants, working together with other antioxidants like tocopherols (vitamin E).
This enhances overall oxidative stability.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid improves formulation performance.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid show moderate heat stability, allowing them to function during typical food processing conditions.
However, prolonged high temperatures may reduce activity.
This affects processing limits.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid are partially metabolized in the body, where they can release ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and fatty acids.
Thus, they contribute minimally to vitamin C intake.
This adds minor nutritional value.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid are best described as fat-soluble vitamin C derivatives used as antioxidants to protect fats and oils from oxidation in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical systems.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid is a lipophilic derivative of ascorbic acid with antioxidant and antiproliferative activities.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid scavenges hydroxyl radicals in cell-free assays.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid reduces the rate of autoxidation of soybean, safflower, sunflower, peanut, and corn oil.
It inhibits increases in epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity and DNA synthesis induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA; ) in mice in a concentration-dependent manner when applied topically.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid reduces the number of tumors per mouse and the percentage of mice with tumors in a mouse skin two-stage model of tumor formation initiated and promoted by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and TPA, respectively.
Formulations containing ascorbyl palmitate have been used as antioxidants and preservatives in foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid are fat-soluble antioxidants derived from vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and fatty acids (palmitic or stearic acid).
Used to prevent fat rancidity and extend shelf life in foods like oils, margarines, and snacks, they are approved as safe food additives in the EU, USA, Canada, and other regions.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid contribute to flavor preservation, preventing the development of off-flavors caused by fat oxidation.
This maintains the original taste profile.
This enhances consumer acceptance.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid are often used in combination antioxidant systems, where multiple antioxidants are used together to achieve stronger protection.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid complement both water-soluble and fat-soluble antioxidants.
This improves overall effectiveness.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid can also help stabilize color pigments in fat-containing foods, reducing discoloration over time.
This maintains visual appeal.
This improves product presentation.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid are relatively stable during normal storage, but prolonged exposure to air, light, or high temperature can reduce effectiveness.
Proper packaging conditions are important.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid are versatile fat-phase antioxidants with strong protective roles in preserving flavor, color, nutrients, and shelf life in fat-containing systems across food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical applications.
Boiling point: 232.6℃[at 101 325 Pa]
Density: 1.05 g/mL at 20 °C
vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
Flash point: 257℃
storage temp.: REFRIGERATOR (+4C)
solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
form: Viscous Liquid
pka: 0[at 20 ℃]
color: Clear yellow
Odor: at 100.00%. bland
PH: 5.0-7.0 (1g/10 mL in H2O)
Viscosity: 600-750mPa.s(25°C)
Water Solubility: 24.11mg/L at 25℃
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with storng oxidizing agents.
Cosmetics Ingredients Functions: SKIN CONDITIONING - EMOLLIENT
SURFACTANT - CLEANSING
SURFACTANT - EMULSIFYING
Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR): Cremophor EL (61791-12-6)
InChI: 1S/C4H7Cl2NO2/c5-1-3(2-6)9-4(7)8/h3H,1-2H2,(H2,7,8)
InChIKey: JMNCUXPHXKHBPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: ClCC(OC(=O)N)CCl
LogP: 4.297 at 25℃
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid is primarily used either alone or in combination with alpha tocopherol as a stabilizer for oils in oral pharmaceutical formulations and food products; generally 0.05% w/v is used.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid may also be used in oral and topical preparations as an antioxidant for drugs unstable to oxygen.
The combination of ascorbyl palmitate with alpha tocopherol shows marked synergism, which increases the effect of the components and allows the amount used to be reduced.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid is an ester formed from ascorbic acid and palmitic acid creating a fat-soluble form of vitamin C.
In addition to its use as a source of vitamin C, it is also used as an antioxidant food additive (E number E304).
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid also show strong antioxidant activity at the oil–water interface, where oxidation often begins.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid help protect emulsified systems from degradation.
This improves overall product stability.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid are particularly effective in preventing lipid peroxidation, a key process in rancidity of fats and oils.
This helps maintain flavor and nutritional quality.
This extends shelf life.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid exhibit synergistic effects with other antioxidants, especially tocopherols and citric acid.
These combinations enhance oxidative protection beyond individual effects.
This improves formulation efficiency.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid compounds have good dispersibility in fat-based systems, allowing uniform distribution throughout oils and lipid matrices.
This ensures consistent antioxidant protection.
This improves performance.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid can act as surface-active antioxidants, meaning they position themselves at interfaces where oxidation is most likely.
This makes them particularly effective in emulsions.
This enhances protective action.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid are often used in packaging-related applications, such as coatings for foods or additives in fat-containing materials.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid help protect products during storage and transport.
This improves durability.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid show better stability in dry or low-moisture systems compared to aqueous environments.
High moisture and oxygen exposure can reduce effectiveness over time.
This affects storage considerations.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid are sensitive to light and oxygen, which can gradually reduce their antioxidant activity.
Proper packaging (e.g., light-protective containers) is recommended.
This preserves functionality.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid can also contribute to color stabilization, preventing discoloration in fat-containing foods.
This maintains visual quality.
This improves consumer acceptance.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid are lipid-phase antioxidants with strong interfacial activity, synergistic effects, and protective roles in fat-containing systems, widely used to extend shelf life and maintain quality in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical applications.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid also exhibit good compatibility with a wide range of food ingredients, including emulsifiers, stabilizers, and other antioxidants.
This allows them to be easily incorporated into complex formulations.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid are particularly useful in low-moisture and fat-rich foods, where oxidation is a major concern.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid remain active in lipid environments where water-soluble antioxidants are less effective.
This enhances preservation efficiency.
Uses
Ascorbyl Palmitate is an ester formed from ascorbic acid and palmitic acid creating a fat soluble form of vitamin C. It is used as an antioxidant food additive. It is also used as a preservative and an anti-oxidant in cosmetic creams and lotions to prevent rancidity. Ascorbyl palmitate facilitates the incorporation of ingredients such as vitamins A, C, and D into cosmetic formulations. It has no known toxicity.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid are widely used in the food industry as antioxidants, especially in fat- and oil-containing products.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid help prevent oxidation and rancidity.
This improves shelf life and product quality.
In edible oils and fats, they are used to slow down oxidative degradation.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid protect unsaturated fatty acids from rancidity.
This maintains flavor and stability.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid are applied in margarine, spreads, and shortening, where they stabilize fat phases.
They prevent off-flavors and oxidation during storage.
This improves product durability.
In snack foods, such as chips and fried products, E304 helps protect frying oils and fat content.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid reduces development of rancid taste.
This improves sensory quality.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid are used in processed and packaged foods, where exposure to oxygen can lead to oxidation.
They extend shelf life during storage and distribution.
This improves product stability.
In confectionery products, especially chocolate and fat-based fillings, they help maintain fat quality.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid prevent oxidative changes in cocoa butter and oils.
This improves texture and flavor.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid are applied in bakery products, where they help protect fats used in dough and fillings.
They slow down quality deterioration over time.
This improves freshness.
In emulsified products, such as sauces and dressings, they protect lipids at the oil–water interface.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid improve oxidative stability of emulsions.
This enhances consistency.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid are used in infant formula and fortified foods, where they help protect sensitive nutrients and lipids.
They support stability of added vitamins.
This improves nutritional quality.
In cosmetics and personal care products, they are used as antioxidants in creams and lotions.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid help prevent oxidation of oils and active ingredients.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid is used wherever protection of fats and oils from oxidation, preservation of flavor and nutrients, and extension of shelf life are required in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical systems.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid are also used in industrial food processing, where fats and oils are exposed to heat, oxygen, and metal ions.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid help reduce oxidation during manufacturing steps like mixing and heating.
This improves process stability.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid are used in deep-frying oil systems, where they help slow down oil degradation during repeated heating cycles.
This reduces formation of off-flavors and polar compounds.
This improves oil lifespan.
In meat and poultry products, they help protect added fats and prevent lipid oxidation in processed meat systems.
This maintains flavor and color stability.
This improves product quality.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid are applied in frozen food products, where they help maintain lipid stability during long-term storage at low temperatures.
They reduce oxidative rancidity over time.
This improves shelf stability.
In dairy fat-containing systems, such as cream-based products and cheese analogs, they help prevent oxidation of milk fats.
This preserves natural flavor profiles.
This improves sensory quality.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid are used in nut-based products and spreads, where natural oils are highly prone to oxidation.
They help maintain freshness and prevent rancid notes.
This improves shelf life.
In flavoring systems and emulsified aromas, they help protect volatile and fat-soluble flavor compounds.
This reduces flavor loss during storage.
This improves product consistency.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid are used in nutritional supplements, especially lipid-based vitamin formulations.
They protect sensitive fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins.
This improves stability of active ingredients.
In cosmetic emulsions and skincare products, they help prevent oxidation of plant oils and active compounds.
This delays product degradation and odor changes.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid is used wherever fat and oil oxidation control, flavor preservation, nutrient protection, and shelf-life extension are required in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and industrial formulations.
Safety Profile:
When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid is generally considered a low-risk, approved food antioxidant, widely used in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical systems.
It is derived from vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and fatty acids.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acids safety profile is well established under regulated use.
One possible effect is mild digestive discomfort if consumed in unusually high amounts.
This may include bloating or loose stools, similar to other lipid additives.
These effects are uncommon at normal intake levels.
Because it is fat-soluble, very high intake could theoretically contribute to digestive imbalance, but this is not expected in typical food use.
E304 fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid is used in very small quantities in formulations.
Normal exposure is considered safe.
Allergic reactions are very rare, but sensitivity to ascorbic acid derivatives or fatty acid components may occur in susceptible individuals.
Symptoms would typically be mild and uncommon.
Most users tolerate it well.
Skin contact is generally non-irritating, and it is widely used in cosmetic formulations.
However, in concentrated industrial form it may cause mild irritation in sensitive skin.
This is uncommon in finished products.
Eye contact may cause temporary mild irritation, mainly due to physical contact rather than chemical toxicity.
