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E309 delta-tocopherol is a synthetic antioxidant food additive from the vitamin E family, used to protect fats and oils in processed foods from oxidation and rancidity.
E309 delta-tocopherol is a tocopherol in which the chroman-6-ol core is substituted by a methyl group at position 8.
E309 delta-tocopherol is found particularly in maize (corn) oil and soya bean (soybean) oils.
CAS Number: 119-13-1
Molecular Formula: C27H46O2
Molecular Weight: 402.65
EINECS Number: 204-299-0
Synonyms: delta-Tocopherol, 119-13-1, (+)-delta-Tocopherol, 8-Methyltocol, (2R)-3,4-dihydro-2,8-dimethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol, (R,R,R)-delta-Tocopherol, JU84X1II0N, (2R,4'R,8'R)-delta-Tocopherol, J5.309K, CHEBI:47772, (2R)-2,8-dimethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-ol, (2R)-2,8-dimethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-3,4-dihydrochromen-6-ol, (2R)-3,4-DIHYDRO-2,8-DIMETHYL-2-((4R,8R)-4,8,12-TRIMETHYLTRIDECYL)-2H-1-BENZOPYRAN-6-OL, (2R)-2,8-dimethyl-2-((4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-ol, (2R)-2,8-dimethyl-2-((4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-3,4-dihydrochromen-6-ol, RefChem:131691, RRR-DELTA-TOCOPHEROL, (2R-(2R*(4R*,8R*)))-3,4-Dihydro-2,8-dimethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol, 204-299-0, 2,8-dimethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)chroman-6-ol, D-delta-TOCOPHEROL, .delta.-Tocopherol, DTXSID1046263, NCGC00160622-01, E309, (2R)-2,8-dimethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol, 251562-63-7, DTXCID9026263, d-tocopherol, delta-Vitamin E, MFCD20486794, delta-D-Tocopherol, (2R(2R*(4R*,8R*)))-3,4-Dihydro-2,8-dimethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-2H-benzopyran-6-ol, 2H-1-Benzopyran-6-ol, 3,4-dihydro-2,8-dimethyl-2-((4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-, (2R)-, 2H-1-Benzopyran-6-ol, 3,4-dihydro-2,8-dimethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-, (2R)-, CAS-119-13-1, Rel-(2R)-3,4-Dihydro-2,8-dimethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol, UNII-JU84X1II0N, (2R)-2,8-dimethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]chroman-6-ol, Vitamine E, (R)-2,8-Dimethyl-2-((4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)chroman-6-ol, EINECS 204-299-0, .delta.-Vitamin E, ()-delta-Tocopherol, (+)- delta -Tocopherol, bmse000547, Delta-Tocopherol (Standard), DELTA-TOCOPHEROL, D-, SCHEMBL886921, RRR-.DELTA.-TOCOPHEROL, CHEMBL1451395, .DELTA.-TOCOPHEROL [MI], MSK1547, DELTA-TOCOPHEROL [WHO-DD], (+)-delta-Tocopherol, >=90%, Tox21_111941, D-d-Tocopherol (solution in hexane), delta-Tocopherol, analytical standard, LMPR02020066, s6348, AKOS040758846, Tox21_111941_1, EBC-618353, FT28297, HY-113026R, NCGC00160622-02, NCGC00160622-03, NCGC00160622-04, BP-43187, HY-113026, CS-0059380, NS00015095, E80733, Q155751, BRD-K04657451-001-01-0, D94B2EA5-AEC1-47F2-94D1-A1F978E6C436, RRR-.ALPHA.-TOCOPHEROL IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY], |A-Tocopherol, (+)-|A-Tocopherol, |A-Vitamin E, (R,R,R)-|A-Tocopherol, 8-Methyltocol, (2R)-2,8-dimethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-ol, D-delta-Tocopherol,93%;δ-Tocopherol (>90%);delta-D-Tocopherol;delta-Vitamin E;E 309;E-Mix D;D-delta-Tocopherol, 93% 100MG;3,4-dihydro-2,8-dimethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-,[2R-[2R*(4R*,8R*)]]-2H-1-Benzopyran-6-ol
E309 delta-tocopherol has a role as a plant metabolite and a food antioxidant.
E309 delta-tocopherol is a vitamin E and a tocopherol.
E309 delta-tocopherol, a homolog of vitamin E, is a phytochemical with potent antioxidant activity.
E309 delta-tocopherol has been investigated for its potential medical, biological, and physio-chemical applications.
E309 delta-tocopherol are a series (α, β, γ and δ) of chiral organic molecules that vary in their degree of methylation of the phenol moiety of the chromanol ring.
E309 delta-tocopherol are fat soluble anti-oxidants that protect cell membranes from oxidative damage.
E309 delta-tocopherol is methylated at the 8-position. It has an anticancer property.
E309 delta-tocopherol is involved in proinflammatory response initiated by reactive oxygen species.
E309 delta-tocopherol lowers lipid accumulation and promotes neuronal differentiation.
E309 delta-tocopherol also has antiangiogenic and natriuretic activities.
E309 delta-tocopherol is a tocopherol and one of the chemical compounds that is considered vitamin E.
As a food additive, it has E number E309.
E309 delta-tocopherol is a natural antioxidant belonging to the vitamin E family, widely used to protect fats and oils from oxidation in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical applications.
It is one of several tocopherol isomers.
It belongs to the class of lipid-soluble vitamins.
Chemically, E309 delta-tocopherol consists of a chromanol ring with a hydroxyl group and a hydrophobic phytyl side chain.
Compared to other tocopherols, it has fewer methyl groups on the ring.
This influences its antioxidant behavior.
Physically, it appears as a viscous, oily liquid ranging from light yellow to amber in color.
It is fat-soluble and practically insoluble in water.
E309 delta-tocopherol has a mild characteristic odor.
The compound exhibits antioxidant activity, protecting lipids by scavenging free radicals.
It interrupts oxidation chain reactions in fats.
E309 delta-tocopherol is particularly effective in stabilizing unsaturated fats and oils.
It slows formation of peroxides.
This extends shelf life.
E309 delta-tocopherol is less biologically active as a vitamin compared to alpha-tocopherol, but still contributes to vitamin E activity.
Its primary use is as an antioxidant.
This highlights its functional role.
E309 delta-tocopherol shows good stability under moderate processing conditions, but is sensitive to oxygen, light, and high temperatures over time.
Proper storage is required.
This maintains effectiveness.
E309 delta-tocopherol is best described as a natural, fat-soluble antioxidant from the vitamin E family used to prevent lipid oxidation and improve stability in food and industrial systems.
E309 delta-tocopherol is a natural, oil-soluble antioxidant with good oxidative stability, compatibility, and synergistic performance, widely used in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical lipid protection systems.
E309 delta-tocopherol also shows good resistance to oxidation compared to some other tocopherol isomers, allowing it to remain active for longer periods in certain systems.
This improves long-term stability.
E309 delta-tocopherol extends antioxidant effectiveness.
E309 delta-tocopherol is particularly useful in low-moisture, high-fat systems, such as oils, snacks, and dry mixes containing lipids.
It remains active in these environments.
This increases versatility.
E309 delta-tocopherol demonstrates protective effects on flavor compounds, preventing oxidation of volatile components in foods.
It helps maintain original aroma profiles.
E309 delta-tocopherol can act as part of a multi-component antioxidant system, working alongside compounds like citric acid or ascorbates.
Melting point: <25℃
alpha: 25546 +3.4° (c = 15.5 in alc); 25546 +1.1° (c = 10.9 in benzene)
Boiling point: 464.74°C (rough estimate)
Density: 0.9932 (rough estimate)
refractive index: 1.4480 (estimate)
Flash point: >93℃
storage temp.: -20°C
solubility: Chloroform (Sparingly), Ethanol (Slightly, Sonicated), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
pKa: 10.70±0.40 (Predicted)
form: Viscous Liquid
color: Clear yellow to brownish
biological source: plant
Cosmetics Ingredients Functions: SKIN CONDITIONING - MISCELLANEOUS; FRAGRANCE; SKIN CONDITIONING - OCCLUSIVE; ANTIOXIDANT
InChI: 1S/C27H46O2/c1-20(2)10-7-11-21(3)12-8-13-22(4)14-9-16-27(6)17-15-24-19-25(28)18-23(5)26(24)29-27/h18-22,28H,7-17H2,1-6H3/t21-,22-,27-/m1/s1
InChIKey: GZIFEOYASATJEH-VHFRWLAGSA-N
SMILES: CC(C)CCCC@@HCCCC@@HCCC[C@]1(C)CCc2cc(O)cc(C)c2O1
LogP: 10.493 (est)
E309 delta-tocopherol exhibits compatibility with a wide range of food ingredients, especially lipid-based matrices.
It integrates well into formulations.
This improves application flexibility.
E309 delta-tocopherol shows moderate thermal stability, remaining functional during processes such as baking or mild frying.
However, prolonged high heat may reduce activity.
This affects long-term performance.
E309 delta-tocopherol is often derived from natural vegetable oil sources, making it suitable for clean-label formulations.
It is perceived as a natural ingredient.
This increases consumer acceptance.
E309 delta-tocopherol is used in cosmetic formulations to protect oils, fragrances, and active ingredients from oxidation.
It helps prevent rancidity and degradation.
This improves product shelf life.
In pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products, it contributes both antioxidant protection and vitamin E activity.
E309 delta-tocopherol functions by donating a hydrogen atom from its phenolic hydroxyl group to lipid radicals, thereby terminating oxidation chain reactions.
It slows rancidity formation.
E309 delta-tocopherol is highly lipophilic, meaning it concentrates in fat and oil phases where oxidation occurs.
This allows targeted protection of lipids.
E309 delta-tocopherol increases antioxidant efficiency.
E309 delta-tocopherol is particularly effective in highly unsaturated oils, where oxidation risk is high.
It protects sensitive fatty acids.
This improves product stability.
E309 delta-tocopherol can show synergistic effects with other antioxidants, such as ascorbic acid or other tocopherols.
These combinations enhance overall oxidative stability.
This improves performance.
Compared to alpha-tocopherol, E309 delta-tocopherol often shows better oxidative stability in certain food systems, especially under processing conditions.
E309 delta-tocopherol exhibits chain-breaking antioxidant behavior, meaning it interrupts propagation of free radical reactions in lipids.
It prevents further degradation.
E309 delta-tocopherol has low volatility, allowing it to remain in products during storage and moderate heating.
This ensures long-lasting activity.
It improves reliability.
E309 delta-tocopherol may interact with oxygen and metal ions, reducing oxidation pathways indirectly.
This supports overall antioxidant systems.
This enhances stability.
E309 delta-tocopherol is commonly present as part of mixed tocopherols, which provide broader antioxidant protection than a single isomer.
This is often used in food formulations.
E309 delta-tocopherol is a natural lipid-phase antioxidant with strong chain-breaking activity, good stability, and synergistic performance, widely used to protect fats and oils in food and industrial applications.
Uses:
E309 delta-tocopherol has been used as a reference material for its extraction from oil using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
E309 delta-tocopherol has also been used as a standard to quantify δ-tocopherol in soybean using reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography.
E309 delta-tocopherol is widely used in the food industry as a natural antioxidant to protect fats and oils from oxidation.
E309 delta-tocopherol helps prevent rancidity in lipid-rich foods.
This extends shelf life.
In edible oils and fats, it is used to stabilize vegetable oils, margarine, and shortening.
E309 delta-tocopherol slows formation of peroxides and off-flavors.
This improves storage stability.
It is applied in snack foods such as chips, nuts, and crackers.
E309 delta-tocopherol protects fat components during storage.
This maintains flavor quality.
E309 delta-tocopherol is used in processed foods and ready meals containing oils.
It prevents oxidative degradation over time.
This improves product consistency.
In bakery products with fat content, it helps maintain freshness by stabilizing oils and fats.
E309 delta-tocopherol reduces rancidity during storage.
This extends shelf life.
It is widely used in cosmetics and personal care products, including creams, lotions, and oils.
E309 delta-tocopherol protects lipids and fragrances from oxidation.
This improves product stability.
E309 delta-tocopherol is applied in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products as both an antioxidant and a vitamin E source.
It helps stabilize active ingredients.
This supports formulation integrity.
In animal feed, it is used to preserve fat-containing ingredients and provide vitamin E activity.
It prevents oxidation and supports nutrition.
This improves feed quality.
E309 delta-tocopherol is also used in industrial applications, such as stabilizing oils and lipid-based materials.
It prevents oxidative degradation.
E309 delta-tocopherol is used wherever natural antioxidant protection and lipid stabilization are required across food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, feed, and industrial systems.
E309 delta-tocopherol is also used in highly unsaturated vegetable oils (e.g., sunflower, soybean oils) to improve oxidative stability.
It protects sensitive fatty acids from degradation.
This extends oil shelf life.
In nut and seed products, such as nut mixes and nut butters, it helps prevent oxidation of natural oils.
E309 delta-tocopherol maintains freshness and flavor.
This improves product quality.
E309 delta-tocopherol is applied in frozen foods, where it protects fats during long-term storage at low temperatures.
It remains active after thawing.
This preserves taste and stability.
E309 delta-tocopherol is used in functional foods and fortified products as both an antioxidant and a source of vitamin E.
It contributes to nutritional value.
This supports health-oriented formulations.
In infant and specialized nutrition products, it helps stabilize fat components and contributes to vitamin E content.
It ensures product safety and quality.
This improves formulation reliability.
E309 delta-tocopherol is used in cosmetic oils, serums, and emulsions, where it protects sensitive lipids and active ingredients.
It prevents rancidity and discoloration.
This improves product shelf life.
In pharmaceutical soft gel capsules and oil-based drug systems, it stabilizes lipid carriers.
It protects active ingredients from oxidation.
This supports product effectiveness.
E309 delta-tocopherol is applied in pet food products rich in fats and oils, helping preserve nutritional quality during storage.
It prevents spoilage.
This improves feed stability.
E309 delta-tocopherol is also used in biodegradable lubricants and specialty oils as a natural antioxidant.
E309 delta-tocopherol reduces oxidative breakdown.
E309 delta-tocopherol is used wherever natural, long-lasting protection of fats, oils, and lipid-based systems is required, especially in clean-label food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications.
Safety Profile:
E309 delta-tocopherol presents very low hazard potential, as it is a naturally occurring form of vitamin E widely used in foods, cosmetics, and supplements.
It is generally recognized as safe at approved levels.
However, some precautions apply in concentrated forms.
Skin contact is typically low risk, and it is often used in topical products.
In rare cases, mild irritation or sensitivity may occur.
Sensitive individuals should monitor reactions.
Eye contact may cause mild irritation, especially with concentrated oils.
Symptoms can include slight redness or discomfort.
Eyes should be rinsed with water if exposure occurs.
Inhalation is generally not a concern due to its low volatility, but aerosolized forms (e.g., sprays) may cause minor respiratory irritation.
Proper ventilation is recommended in such cases.
Ingestion at normal dietary levels is safe and beneficial, as it contributes to vitamin E intake.
Delta-tocopherol is not flammable under normal conditions, but as an organic oil it can burn if exposed to high heat or flame.
Standard fire safety precautions should be followed.
E309 delta-tocopherol is sensitive to oxygen, light, and heat, which can lead to gradual oxidation and loss of activity.
