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E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) is a synthetic phenolic antioxidant, widely used as a preservative for fats and oils in food, cosmetics, and industrial products.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) is designed to prevent oxidation and rancidity in lipid-rich systems.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) belongs to the class of substituted hydroquinones.
CAS Number: 1948-33-0
Molecular Formula: C10H14O2
Molecular Weight: 166.22
EINECS Number: 217-752-2
Synonyms: tert-Butylhydroquinone, TBHQ, 1948-33-0, 2-tert-Butylhydroquinone, 2-t-Butylhydroquinone, 2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,4-benzenediol, tert-butylhydroquinone, tertiary-butylhydroquinone, tert-butylhydroquinone, tert-butylhydrochinone, mono-tert-butylhydroquinone, mono-tertiary butylhydroquinone, t-BHQ, MTBHQ, TBHQ, E319, E-319, INS-319, INS NO.319, Tenox TBHQ, Tenox TBHQTBHQ, Tenox TBHO, Sustane TBHQ, Sustane, Banox 20BA, Eastman MTBHQ, NSC 4972, NSC-4972, AI3-61039, DTXSID6020220, DTXCID60220, CHEBI:78886, 217-752-2, EINECS 217-752-2, CAS-1948-33-0, RefChem:9309, banox20ba;Eastman MTBHQ;Hydroquinone, tert-butyl-;Sustane;Sustane TBHQ;1-dimethylethyl)-4-benzenediol(1;2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-benzenediol;2-t-Butyl-1,4-benzenediol
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) is a tert-butyl derivative of hydroquinone (1,4-dihydroxybenzene), where a tert-butyl group is attached to the aromatic ring.
This structure enhances antioxidant stability.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) gives strong radical-scavenging ability.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) appears as a white to pale tan crystalline powder.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) is moderately soluble in fats and only slightly soluble in water.
It has a mild characteristic odor.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) exhibits very strong antioxidant activity, especially in preventing oxidation of unsaturated fats.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) inhibits formation of peroxides and rancid compounds.
This extends shelf life significantly.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) is effective at very low concentrations, making it highly efficient in food preservation.
Small amounts provide strong protection.
This improves cost-effectiveness.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) shows good thermal stability, allowing it to remain active during frying and food processing.
It is more heat-stable than some other antioxidants.
This makes it suitable for processed foods.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) is chemically stable under normal conditions, but may degrade under extreme heat or strong oxidizing environments.
Proper storage is required.
This maintains its effectiveness.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) is best described as a synthetic, fat-soluble antioxidant with strong thermal stability and high efficiency in preventing lipid oxidation, widely used in food and industrial oil systems.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) is a synthetic aromatic organic compound which is a type of phenol.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) is a derivative of hydroquinone, substituted with a tert-butyl group.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) is an antioxidant used to preserve oils, fats and food items.
It is found in vegetable oils and animal fats, varnishes, lacquers, resins, oils field additives, and perfumes.
In low concentrations it shows cytoprotective qualities while at higher concentrations it exhibits cytotoxic behavior.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) was used to study the inactivation of barotolerant strains of Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli.
Environment friendly electrode materials for supercapacitors were attained by decorating the surface of graphene nanosheets with E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ).
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) also shows very high oxidative resistance compared to many other phenolic antioxidants, especially under high-temperature processing conditions.
This makes it particularly suitable for frying applications.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) maintains performance where others degrade.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) can form stable radical intermediates, which are less reactive and stop oxidation chains effectively.
This stabilizes the antioxidant itself.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) prolongs protective action.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) is effective in low-moisture and high-fat systems, such as powdered fats and dehydrated snacks.
It protects lipids even in dry matrices.
This improves storage stability.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) demonstrates good compatibility with packaging systems, where it may migrate slowly into food oils from packaging materials.
This provides extended protection over time.
This enhances shelf-life extension strategies.
The compound shows limited water solubility, which helps it remain concentrated in lipid phases rather than dispersing into water.
This increases efficiency in fat-rich foods.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) improves targeted activity.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) can be used in combination with chelating agents (e.g., citric acid) to reduce metal-catalyzed oxidation.
This enhances antioxidant effectiveness.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) strengthens preservation systems.
Melting point: 127–129 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 295 °C
Density: 295
Vapor pressure: 0.004 Pa at 25 °C
Refractive index: 1.4859 (estimate)
Flash point: 171 °C
Storage temperature: Below +30 °C
Solubility: Slightly soluble in DMSO and methanol
pKa: 10.80 ± 0.18 (predicted)
Form: Crystalline powder
Color: White to light tan, may contain black specs
Water solubility: Slightly soluble (10 g/L)
BRN: 637923
Stability: Stable; incompatible with strong bases and strong oxidizing agents
Cosmetic ingredient functions: Fragrance; perfuming; antioxidant
InChI: 1S/C10H14O2/c1-10(2,3)8-6-7(11)4-5-9(8)12/h4-6,11-12H,1-3H3
InChIKey: BGNXCDMCOKJUMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: CC(C)(C)c1cc(O)ccc1O
LogP: 1.521 at 25 °C
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) works by interrupting lipid oxidation chain reactions, mainly by donating hydrogen atoms to free radicals.
This stops the formation of hydroperoxides.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) slows rancidity development in fats and oils.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) is particularly effective in deep-frying oils, where it helps maintain stability during repeated heating cycles.
It reduces oil breakdown at high temperatures.
This extends frying oil life.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) shows strong carry-through stability, meaning it remains active even after food processing like frying or baking.
It continues protecting fats in the final product.
This improves shelf life.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) is highly lipophilic (fat-soluble), allowing it to concentrate in oil phases where oxidation occurs.
This improves targeted protection.
It increases efficiency in lipid systems.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) can exhibit synergistic effects with other antioxidants such as BHA (E320), BHT (E321), and citric acid.
Combined use improves oxidative stability.
This enhances preservation performance.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) shows metal ion interaction control, indirectly reducing oxidation catalyzed by trace metals like iron and copper.
This slows degradation reactions.
This improves overall stability.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) is effective in packaged snack foods, where it protects fats during long storage.
It prevents rancid odors and flavor loss.
This maintains product quality.
It is also used in edible oils and shortening, stabilizing them against air exposure.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) slows peroxide formation.
This extends usability.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) has low volatility, meaning it does not easily evaporate during heating or storage.
This ensures long-lasting activity.
This improves reliability.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) is a highly efficient, heat-stable synthetic antioxidant with strong lipid protection, long carry-through effect, and broad use in food, oil, and industrial fat stabilization systems.
A member of the class of hydroquinones in which one of the ring hydrogens of hydroquinone is replaced by a tert-butyl group.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) is used in refined vegetable oils, where it prevents oxidative deterioration during storage and distribution.
It maintains oil clarity and taste.
This improves product quality.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) is also applied in cosmetic formulations containing oils and emulsions, such as creams and lotions.
It prevents rancidity of natural oils.
This improves product stability.
In pet food products, it helps preserve fat content and prevent spoilage during long storage periods.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) maintains nutritional value.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) is a highly stable, fat-soluble synthetic antioxidant with strong radical stabilization, thermal resistance, and long-lasting protection of lipid-based systems across food, cosmetic, and industrial applications.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) is widely used in the food industry as a synthetic antioxidant and preservative for fats and oils.
It prevents rancidity in lipid-rich products.
This extends shelf life.
In edible oils and frying fats, it is used to stabilize oils during storage and repeated heating.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) reduces oxidation during frying processes.
This improves oil durability.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) is applied in snack foods such as chips, crackers, and instant noodles.
It protects fat components from oxidation during long storage.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) is used in processed foods containing vegetable oils, including ready-to-eat meals.
Uses:
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) was used to study the inactivation of barotolerant strains of Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli.
Environment friendly electrode materials for supercapacitors were attained by decorating the surface of graphene nanosheets with TBHQ.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) is frequently used as a food preservative.
Inhibition of oxidative rancidity in frozen cooked fish flakes by tert-butylhydroquinone.
Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2-dependent antioxidant response element activation is by tert-butylhydroquinoneoccurring preferentially in Astrocytes conditions.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) is an antioxidant that exhibits an excellent stabilizing effect in unsaturated fats and oils.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) has good solubility in fats and oils, with a maximum usage level of 0.02% based on the weight of the fat or oil or the fat content of the food product.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) shows no discoloration in the presence of iron and produces no discernible flavor or odor.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) can be combined with BHA and BHT.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) is used in edible fats and vegetable oils to retard rancidity.
It is used in potato chips and dry cereal.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) is also termed butylhydroquinone and mono-tertiary-butylhydroquinone.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) is widely used in the food industry as a synthetic antioxidant to prevent rancidity in fats and oils.
It protects lipid-rich foods from oxidative spoilage.
In edible oils and frying fats, it is used to stabilize oils during storage and repeated heating.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) reduces oxidation during high-temperature processing.
This improves oil durability.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) is applied in snack foods such as chips, crackers, and instant noodles.
It helps maintain flavor and prevents off-odors.
This preserves product quality.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) is used in processed and convenience foods containing vegetable oils, including frozen meals and ready-to-eat products.
It slows lipid degradation during storage.
This improves stability.
In bakery products with fat content, it prevents rancidity of oils used in doughs and fillings.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) maintains freshness over time.
This extends shelf life.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) is widely used in cosmetics and personal care products, such as creams, lotions, and lipsticks.
It protects oils and fragrances from oxidation.
This improves product stability.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) is applied in pharmaceutical formulations containing lipid-based excipients or active ingredients.
It helps prevent oxidative degradation.
This supports product integrity.
In animal feed, it stabilizes fats and fat-soluble nutrients during storage.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) prevents spoilage of feed oils.
This improves nutritional quality.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) is also used in industrial materials such as rubber, plastics, and petroleum products.
It slows oxidative aging of materials.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) is used wherever strong, long-lasting protection against lipid oxidation and rancidity is required across food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, feed, and industrial applications.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) is also widely used in packaged instant foods, such as instant noodles, soup powders, and dehydrated meals.
It protects added fats and flavor oils during long shelf storage.
This maintains taste quality over time.
In deep-fried fast foods and pre-fried ingredients, it helps stabilize frying oils that are reused or stored.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) reduces breakdown from repeated heating.
This improves oil performance and safety.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) is applied in seasoning oils and flavoring concentrates, where it protects volatile oil components.
It prevents oxidation of aromatic compounds.
This preserves aroma and flavor intensity.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) is used in confectionery products containing fats, such as chocolate coatings and filled candies.
It helps prevent fat bloom and rancid notes.
This improves appearance and taste stability.
In nut-based products like peanut butter and nut spreads, it protects natural oils from oxidation.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) maintains freshness and prevents rancidity.
This extends product shelf life.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) is used in frozen convenience foods, where it protects fats during long freezer storage.
It remains active after thawing.
This improves product consistency.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) is applied in pet food products rich in fats and oils.
It helps preserve nutritional quality during storage and transport.
This improves feed stability.
In industrial lubricants and hydraulic fluids, it is used to prevent oxidative degradation.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) stabilizes performance under heat and oxygen exposure.
This extends equipment life.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) is also used in aerosols and oil-based spray products, where it prevents oxidation of carrier oils.
It maintains product stability during storage.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) is used wherever strong, long-term protection of fats, oils, and lipid-based systems against oxidation and rancidity is required, especially in processed foods and industrial oil applications.
Safety Profile:
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) presents moderate hazard potential, particularly at high doses or with prolonged exposure in non-food contexts.
It is approved for use in foods at strictly regulated levels.
Safety depends strongly on dosage and exposure route.
Skin contact may cause mild irritation or sensitization in some individuals.
Repeated exposure can increase sensitivity.
Protective gloves are recommended in industrial handling.
Eye contact can cause moderate irritation, including redness, tearing, and discomfort.
Direct contact should be avoided.
Immediate rinsing with water is required if exposure occurs.
Inhalation of dust or vapors may cause respiratory irritation.
Fine particles can irritate the nose, throat, and lungs.
Adequate ventilation and dust control are recommended.
Ingestion at approved food-use levels is considered safe by regulatory authorities, but high doses in animal studies have shown potential toxic effects, including metabolic and organ stress.
This is why usage is tightly controlled.
Excess intake should be avoided.
E319 tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) has shown adverse effects in some high-dose experimental studies, such as liver changes or enzyme alterations in animals.
These effects are dose-dependent and not typical of dietary exposure.
Some studies suggest possible immune or behavioral effects at very high exposures, though these are not relevant at permitted food levels.
