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E321 BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE (BHT)

E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is a phenolic antioxidant.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is insoluble in water, 10NaOH solution, glycerol, and propylene glycol.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) has been shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation.

CAS Number: 128-37-0
Molecular Formula: C15H24O
Molecular Weight: 220.35
EINECS Number: 204-881-4

Synonyms: 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 128-37-0, Butylhydroxytoluene, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, 2,6-Di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol, Ionol, DBPC, Dibunol, Stavox, BHT, Impruvol, Ionol CP, Dalpac, Deenax, Ionole, Kerabit, Topanol, Vianol, Antioxidant KB, Antioxidant 4K, Sumilizer BHT, Topanol O, Topanol OC, Vanlube PC, Antioxidant 29, Antioxidant 30, Antioxidant DBPC, Sustane BHT, Tenamene 3, Vanlube PCX, Nonox TBC, Tenox BHT, Phenol, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-, Chemanox 11, Agidol, Catalin CAO-3, Ionol 1, Advastab 401, 3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene, BUKS, Parabar 441, Antrancine 8, Vulkanox KB, Catalin antioxidant 1, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-cresol, Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, Ionol (antioxidant), Paranox 441, 2,6-Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol, Antioxidant MPJ, Antioxidant 4, Alkofen BP, 2,6-ditert-butyl-4-methylphenol, AO 4K, CAO 1, CAO 3, Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol, Swanox BHT, Antox QT, Tenamen 3, Agidol 1, Antioxidant 264, Bht (food grade), FEMA No. 2184, o-Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol, 4-Methyl-2,6-tert-butylphenol, Antioxidant T 501, Ional, Nocrac 200, AO 29, NCI-C03598, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-1-hydroxy-4-methylbenzene, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol, 4-Methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, Caswell No. 291A, 2,6-Di-terc.butyl-p-kresol, Dbpc (technical grade), 4-Hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butyltoluene, Butylhydroxytoluenum, Di-tert-butylcresol, AOX 4K, 2,6-ditert-butyl-4-methyl-phenol, Ionol CP-antioxidant, P 21, 2,6-DI-T-BUTYL-P-CRESOL, AOX 4, Butyl hydroxy toluene, 4-Methyl-2,6-di-terc. butylfenol, CCRIS 103, 1-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylbenzene, Popol, HSDB 1147, BHT 264, Bht(food grade), NSC 6347, NSC-6347, EINECS 204-881-4, Ionol BHT, Ralox BHT, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methyl-phenol, 2,6-ditertiary-butyl-p-cresol, INS NO.321, Dbpc(technical grade), DTXSID2020216, E321, CHEBI:34247, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylhydroxybenzene, AI3-19683, p-Cresol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-, INS-321, 1P9D0Z171K, 2,6-bis(tert-butyl)-4-methylphenol, 2,6-Di-tert-butylcresol, CHEMBL146, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol-d24, Di-tert-Butyl-4-methylphenol, DTXCID20216, E-321, FEMA 2184, NSC6347, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl phenol, NCGC00091761-03, Tonarol, 4-METHYL-2,6-DITERTIARY-BUTYL-PHENOL, Toxolan P, 1219805-92-1, 2,6-DI(TERT-BUTYL-D9)-4-METHYLPHENOL-3,5,O-D3, Annulex BHT, 2,6-DI-TERT-BUTYL-P-CRESOL2,6-BIS(1,1-DIMETHYLETHYL)-4-METHYL-PHENOL, MFCD00011644, BUTYLHYDROXYTOLUENE (EP MONOGRAPH), BUTYLHYDROXYTOLUENE [EP MONOGRAPH], CAS-128-37-0, Butylohydroksytoluenu, Butylohydroksytoluenu [Polish], Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (VAN), 4-Methyl-2,6-ditertbutylphenol, di-tert-butyl-methylphenol, Di tert butyl methylphenol, 2,6-Di-terc.butyl-p-kresol [Czech], EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 022105, 2,6 Di tert butyl p cresol, UNII-1P9D0Z171K, 4-Methyl-2,6-di-terc. butylfenol [Czech], 4 Methyl 2,6 ditertbutylphenol, 2,6 Di t butyl 4 methylphenol, Lowinox BHT, Nipanox BHT, BHT Swanox, BHT, food grade, 4-Methyl-2,6-di-t-butyl-phenol, 2, food grade, 2,6 Di tert butyl 4 methylphenol, 3IM, Dibutyl-para-cresol, NAUGARD BHT, PERMANAX BHT, TOPANOL BHT, YOSHINOX BHT, ANTAG...

E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) reduces freeze-thaw-induced malondialdehyde (MDA) production and increases sperm viability in boar spermatozoa preparations.
Formulations containing BHT have been used as antioxidant cosmetic and food additives.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is a man-made chemical commonly used as a preservative in processed foods.

Similar to the synthetic preservative E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) with which it is often used, BHT is an antioxidant that is soluble in oils and animal fats (it actually has greater solubility than does BHA).
Both BHA and E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) are used to extend shelf life of processed foods by reducing the occurrence of oxidation and rancidity.
Instead of being added directly to the food itself, E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is usually added to the packaging material from where it vaporizes into the food during storage.

Since it may be classified as an incidental food additive when used in this manner, E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) does not legally need to be listed with other ingredients on the food label.
Processed foods most likely to contain E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) include chewing gum, active dry yeast, frozen convenience foods, prepared cereal products, prepared snacks, dried and processed meat, potato flakes, enriched rice products and shortening.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is also a chemical preservative used in animal feeds and drugs; therefore eatomg non-organic meats and dairy products may be another way in which exposure occurs.

In addition to its use in food preservation, BHA is also used in the manufacture of rubber, tires and petroleum and is an ingredient in some cosmetics.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is on the Federal Drug Administrations Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) list of food additives, it carries with it risk of toxicity.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is a phenolic antioxidant.

E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) can inhibit lipid peroxidation and cause lung injury in mice and promote tumor growth, which may be due to the metabolites of E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), 6-tert-butyl-2-[2′-(2′-hydroxymethyl)-propyl]-4-Methylphenol.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) metabolites have also been reported to cause DNA strand breaks in cultured cells and DNA breaks between nucleosomes (a typical feature of apoptosis).
A single intraperitoneal injection of E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (60mg/kg body weight) into rats caused a significant increase in nuclear DNA methyltransferase activity in the liver, kidney, heart, spleen, brain, and lung.

E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) are monohydric phenolic antioxidants that, prior to their introduction and acceptance in the food industry, were used to protect petroleum against oxidative degumming.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) has a very faint, musty, occasional cresylictype odor.
BHA and E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) are extensively used in foods as antioxidants.

Most fats, oils and fat-containing foods are naturally susceptible to rapid rancification and other oxidative reactions that produce compounds having objectionable taste and odor, making foods containing them unpalatable.
Lipid oxidation is autocatalytic and proceeds as a complex of chain reactions, the nature and speed of which vary with the substrate, temperature, light, availability of oxygen and presence or absence of oxidation catalysts.
Iron salts cause discoloration with loss of activity.

Heating with catalytic amounts of acids causes rapid decomposition with the release of the flammable gas isobutene.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is chemically classified as a derivative of phenol. E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is produced commercially by the alkylation of para-cresol with isobutylene.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is also produced by several western European manufacturers, production/processing plants in Germany, France, the Netherlands, United Kingdom and Spain.

E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) works as an antioxidant by inhibiting or slowing down the oxidative breakdown of molecules, particularly fats and oils.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) accomplishes this by donating hydrogen atoms to free radicals (highly reactive molecules) that are formed during the oxidation process.
This process helps prevent the chain reaction of oxidative damage.

E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is often used in combination with other antioxidants, such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), to enhance its antioxidant properties.
This combination can provide more comprehensive protection against oxidation in various products.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is regulated by food safety agencies in many countries, including the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).

These agencies set specific limits on the amount of E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) that can be used in various food products to ensure it does not exceed safe levels.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is considered safe when used within established limits, there has been some controversy and debate over its safety at higher doses.
Some animal studies have suggested potential adverse health effects, such as liver and thyroid issues, at high doses.

However, these findings have not been consistently replicated in human studies, and E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is generally considered safe when consumed at the low levels found in most foods.
Metabolites of E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) have also been reported to induce DNA strand breaks and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation (a characteristic of apoptosis) in cultured cells.
In rats, a single intraperitoneal injection of E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (60 mg/kg body mass) results in a significant increase in nuclear DNA methyl transferase activity in the liver, kidneys, heart, spleen, brain and lungs.
Incubation of alveolar macrophages with E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) significantly reduced the level of TNF-α which may explain the mechanism by which this antioxidant reduces inflammation.

Preincubation of aspirin-treated platelets with E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) inhibits the secretion, aggregation, and protein phosphorylation induced by protein kinase C activators.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) was also found to inhibit the initiation of hepatocarcinogenesis by aflatoxin B1.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is a phenolic antioxidant.

E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)s chemical formula is C15H24O, and its systematic name is 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) consists of a phenolic ring with two tert-butyl (2-methyl-2-propanol) groups attached to the carbon atoms in the ortho positions relative to the phenolic hydroxyl group.
Antioxidants like BHT act as “chain breaks” in the autooxidation processes under the usual conditions of processing, storage and use of fat-containing foods (Burdock, 1997).

E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is phenolic and undergoes reactions characteristic of phenols.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents such as peroxides and permanganates.
Contact with oxidizing agents may cause spontaneous combustion.

E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is white or light yellow crystal.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) has a melting point of 71°C, a boiling point of 265°C, a relative density of 1.048 (20/4°C), and a refractive index of 1.4859 (75°C).
Solubility of E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) at normal temperature: methanol 25, ethanol 25-26, isopropanol 30, mineral oil 30, acetone 40, petroleum ether 50, benzene 40, lard (40-50°C ) 40-50, corn oil and soybean oil 40-50.

Since E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is used in many near consumer products population wide exposure is expected.
The antioxidant E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is contained in food, adhesive glues, industrial oils and greases, including cutting fluids. Sensitization seems very rare.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) antioxidant and preservative in the food industry.

E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is odorless, odorless with good thermal stability.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) has been found to have other some adverse effects in animals including inhibiting normal growth patterns and causing reversible liver enlargement.
At high levels in animals, E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) has caused significant brain and behavioral changes.

Since E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) has been found to inhibit the enzymes that white blood cells (phagocytes) use to destroy bacteria, BHT disrupts the proper functioning of the immune system.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is a synthetic antioxidant.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) scavenges peroxide, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH; ), superoxide, and ABTS radicals in cell-free assays, as well as inhibits lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid.

E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) causes lung injury and promotes tumors in mice, but this may be due to a metabolite of E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), 6-tert-butyl-2-[2′-(2′-hydroxymethyl)-propyl]-4-methylphenol.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is used to prevent the lipid oxidation in oils and fat-containing foods.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) toxicity is generally considered as being low.

Melting point: 69-73 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 265 °C(lit.)
Density: 1.048
vapor density: 7.6 (vs air)
vapor pressure: <0.01 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index: 1.4859
FEMA: 2184 | E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)
Flash point: 127 °C
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: methanol: 0.1 g/mL, clear, colorless
form: Crystals
pka: pKa 14(H2O t = 25 c = 0.002 to 0.01) (Uncertain)
color: white
Odor: faint characteristic odor
Odor Type: phenolic
Water Solubility: insoluble
Merck: 14,1548
BRN: 1911640
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 2 mg/m3
NIOSH: TWA 10 mg/m3
Stability: Stable, but light-sensitive, Incompatible with acid chlorides, acid anhydrides, brass, copper, copper alloys, steel, bases, oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 5.2

E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) metabolites have also been reported to cause DNA strand breaks in cultured cells and DNA breaks between nucleosomes (a typical feature of apoptosis).
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is produced commercially by the alkylation of para-cresol with isobutylene.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is also produced by several western European manufacturers, production/processing plants in Germany, France, the Netherlands, United Kingdom and Spain.

However, these findings have not been consistently replicated in human studies, and E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is generally considered safe when consumed at the low levels found in most foods.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and cresols are much weaker as acids than common carboxylic acids (phenol has Ka = 1.3 x 10^[-10]).
These materials are incompatible with strong reducing substances such as hydrides, nitrides, alkali metals, and sulfides.

Flammable gas (H2) is often generated, and the heat of the reaction may ignite the gas.
Heat is also generated by the acid-base reaction between phenols and bases.
Such heating may initiate polymerization of the organic compound.

E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is sulfonated very readily (for example, by concentrated sulfuric acid at room temperature).
The reactions generate heat.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is also nitrated very rapidly, even by dilute nitric acid.

Nitrated phenols often explode when heated.
Many of them form metal salts that tend toward detonation by rather mild shock.
May react with oxidizing materials.

E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is a phenolic antioxidant.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) has been shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) causes lung injury and promotes tumors in mice, but this may be due to a metabolite of E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), 6-tert-butyl-2-[2′-(2′-hydroxymethyl)-propyl]-4-methylphenol.

Metabolites of E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) have also been reported to induce DNA strand breaks and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation (a characteristic of apoptosis) in cultured cells.
In rats, a single intraperitoneal injection of E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (60 mg/kg body mass) results in a significant increase in nuclear DNA methyl transferase activity in the liver, kidneys, heart, spleen, brain and lungs.
Incubation of alveolar macrophages with E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) significantly reduced the level of TNF-α which may explain the mechanism by which this antioxidant reduces inflammation.

Preincubation of aspirin-treated platelets with E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) inhibits the secretion, aggregation, and protein phosphorylation induced by protein kinase C activators.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) was also found to inhibit the initiation of hepatocarcinogenesis by aflatoxin B1.
Metabolites of E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) have also been reported to induce DNA strand breaks and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation (a characteristic of apoptosis) in cultured cells.

In rats, a single intraperitoneal injection of E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (60 mg/kg body mass) results in a significant increase in nuclear DNA methyl transferase activity in the liver, kidneys, heart, spleen, brain and lungs.
Incubation of alveolar macrophages with E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) significantly reduced the level of TNF-α which may explain the mechanism by which this antioxidant reduces inflammation.
Preincubation of aspirin-treated platelets with E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) inhibits the secretion, aggregation, and protein phosphorylation induced by protein kinase C activators.

E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) was also found to inhibit the initiation of hepatocarcinogenesis by aflatoxin B1.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is a phenolic antioxidant.

The European Commission on Endocrine Disruption has also listed E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as a Category 1 priority substance, based on evidence that it interferes with hormone function.
While E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is on the Federal Drug Administrations Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) list of food additives, it carries with it risk of toxicity.
Although there has not been enough research conducted involving humans to establish whether or not E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is a carcinogen (chemical capable of causing cancer) there is limited evidence in animals that BHT is carcinogenic.

Some of its potential carcinogenicity may come from its ability to cause toxic disruption of cell signaling, a process where chemical information is transferred from one cell to the other or between different structures within the same cell.
Proper cellular communication is not only important for optimal functioning of the bodys systems but researchers now believe that poor communication between cells may be one of the causes of overproliferation of cells, a condition which eventually leads to cancer.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) has been found to have other some adverse effects in animals including inhibiting normal growth patterns and causing reversible liver enlargement while at high levels, significant brain and behavioral changes have also been observed.

A single intraperitoneal injection of E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (60mg/kg body weight) into rats caused a significant increase in nuclear DNA methyltransferase activity in the liver, kidney, heart, spleen, brain, and lung.
Due to concerns about synthetic antioxidants like E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), some food manufacturers have explored natural alternatives, such as rosemary extract (containing rosemary acid) and tocopherols (vitamin E), to preserve the freshness of their products while meeting consumer demand for more natural ingredients.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), do not behave as organic alcohols, as one might guess from the presence of a hydroxyl (-OH) group in their structure.

Uses:
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) high solubility in oil, no precipitation, less volatile, non-toxic and non-corrosive.
Because they prevent rancidity, antioxidants are of great interest to the food industry.
For example, E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), and EDTA are frequently used to preserve various foods, such as cheese or fried products.

E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is a powerful inhibitor of lipid peroxidation, yet large doses of it can induce oxidative DNA damage and cancer development in the rat forestomach.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is also known as butylated hydroxy toluene.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is an anti-oxidant that also has preservative and masking capabilities.

E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (BHT) is an antioxidant that functions similarly to butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) but is less stable at high temperatures.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is also termed 2,6-di-tert-butyl-para-cresol.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) can be found in certain medications and supplements.

E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is employed as a stabilizer and antioxidant in the production of plastics and polymers.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) helps prevent the degradation of these materials caused by exposure to heat and UV radiation.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is used in the rubber industry to extend the life of rubber products, such as tires, by protecting them from oxidative degradation.

E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is added to petroleum products, including lubricating oils and jet fuels, to inhibit oxidation and improve their stability and performance.
Some food companies have voluntarily eliminated E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) from their products or have announced that they were going to phase it out.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is probably the most efficient anti-oxidant used in perfumery.

E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is almost odourless in use but as a pure white to off-white crystalline powder has a very faint musty cresylic phenolic odour.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is mainly used to delay or prevent the oxidative rancidity of fats and oils and to prevent loss of activity of oil-soluble vitamins.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is an antioxidant that functions similarly to butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) but is less stable at high temperatures.

E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is also termed 2,6-di-tert-butyl-para-cresol. See Butylated Hydroxyanisole.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is used as an antioxidant in some inks and printing materials to prevent the ink from drying out and becoming unusable.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) can be found in certain adhesive and sealant formulations to enhance their resistance to environmental degradation.

E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is sometimes used in electronic materials and equipment to prevent the oxidation of certain components.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is used as an antioxidant in some fuel formulations to reduce the formation of deposits and improve combustion efficiency.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is also used as an antioxidant in products such as metalworking fluids, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, rubber, transformer oils, and embalming fluid.

In the petroleum industry, where E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is known as the fuel additive AO-29, it is used in hydraulic fluids, turbine and gear oils, and jet fuels.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is also used to prevent peroxide formation in organic ethers and other solvents and laboratory chemicals.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is added to certain monomers as a polymerisation inhibitor to facilitate their safe storage.

Some additive products contain E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as their primary ingredient, while others contain the chemical merely as a component of their formulation, sometimes alongside butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA).
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is primarily used as an antioxidant in the food and cosmetic industries.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) helps extend the shelf life of products by preventing the oxidation of fats and oils, which can cause them to become rancid.

In food, E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is often added to products like potato chips, baked goods, and snack foods.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is used as a preservative in various products, including rubber, plastics, and petroleum products, to prevent degradation and maintain their quality over time.

E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is used as an antioxidant in cosmetics, foods, and pharmaceuticals.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is a synthetic compound, meaning it is not naturally occurring.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is chemically derived from toluene.

E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is also known as butylated hydroxy toluene.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is an anti-oxidant that also has preservative and masking capabilities.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is listed by the NIH Hazardous Substances Data Bank under several categories in catalogues and databases, such as food additive, household product ingredient, industrial additive, personal care product/cosmetic ingredient, pesticide ingredient, plastic/rubber ingredient and medical/veterinary/research.

E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is used as a preservative ingredient in some foods.
With this usage BHT maintains freshness or prevents spoilage; it may be used to decrease the rate at which the texture, color, or flavor of food changes.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is commonly used in the food industry as a food additive to prevent the oxidation of fats and oils in processed foods.

E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) helps extend the shelf life of products by preventing rancidity and off-flavors in items like snack foods, baked goods, and cereal.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is utilized in cosmetics, skincare products, and toiletries to prevent the deterioration of oils and fats in these products.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) helps maintain the product's quality and appearance over time.

E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is used in some pharmaceutical formulations to protect sensitive drug compounds from degradation due to exposure to oxygen and light.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is used from 0.1% in citrus oils, alipihatic aldehydes, fixed oils and many other oxygen sensitive materials, compounds and finished products it can greatly extend their shelf and odour life and also slow down, but not completely stop, colour changes.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is also used at 0.5–1.0% w/w concentration in natural or synthetic rubber to provide enhanced color stability.

E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) has some antiviral activity and has been used therapeutically to treat herpes simplex labialis.
Antioxidant for food, animal feed, petroleum products, synthetic rubbers, plastics, animal and vegetable oils, soaps.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) has wide application, such as flavors, fragrances, biochemical reagents-other chemical reagents, chemical raw materials, organic chemical raw materials, biochemical, inorganic salts, antioxidants, food additives, feed additives, feed storage additives, aromatic hydrocarbons, bulk drugs and so on.

As a phenolic antioxidant, E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) can inhibit lipid peroxidation and exhibit electrophilic quinone methyl ether toxicity mediated by oxidative metabolism.
The BHT metabolites, 6-tert-butyl-2- [2 ′-(2′-hydroxymethyl) -propyl] -4-methylphenol, may cause lung damage in mice and promote tumor growth.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) metabolites causing DNA strand breaks in cultured cells and DNA breaks between nucleosomes (a typical feature of apoptosis), which result in relieving inflammation.

Inhibiting secretion, aggregation, and protein phosphorylation caused by protein kinase C activators at the process of the pre-incubation of aspirin-treated platelets.
Inhibiting liver cancer formation induced by aflatoxin B1.
As Michael receptor, E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) can react with uninucleophiles and proteins.

Reaction of 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol with fluorine (II) - benzophenone dianion complex.
Food additive 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol can promote acute lung toxicity and tumor growth in mice.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) can be used to prepare organoaluminum compound methylaluminum bis (2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4 alkylphenol oxide).

E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as general antioxidants is used widely in polymer materials, petroleum products and food processing industries.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is commonly used rubber antioxidant, heat, oxygen aging have some protective effect, but also can inhibit copper harm.

Safety Profile:
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is metabolized and excreted in the urine mainly as glucuronide conjugates of oxidation products.
Although there have been some isolated reports of adverse skin reactions, E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is generally regarded as nonirritant and nonsensitizing at the levels employed as an antioxidant.
The WHO has set a temporary estimated acceptable daily intake for E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) at up to 125 μg/kg body-weight.

Moderately toxic by ingestion.
Other experimental reproductiveeffects.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when used in food at low levels, but its safety has been a topic of debate and research.

Some studies have raised concerns about potential health risks associated with high doses of E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), though these findings are not conclusive.
E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)'s important to note that BHT is regulated by food safety authorities in many countries to ensure it is used within established safety limits.

E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is a poison by intraperitoneal andintravenous routes.
The relevance of these findings to human health is a subject of ongoing research and debate.
Some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to E321 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), experiencing skin irritation or other allergic reactions when it comes into contact with their skin or when consumed in larger quantities.