Quick Search
E450 Diphosphates are a group of synthetic inorganic phosphate salts (E450i through E450ix) widely used in the food industry as emulsifiers, acidity regulators, leavening agents, and stabilizers.
E450 Diphosphates or sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Na2H2P2O7.
CAS: 7758-16-9
MF: H5NaO7P2
MW: 201.97
EINECS: 231-835-0
Synonyms
DisodiuM pytophospha;TwosodiuM pyrophosphatetwo hydrogen;Amyloid Precursor Protein β, Secreted;ANTI-DSPP (N-TERM) antibody produced in rabbit;Dentin sialophosphoprotein;SodiuM pyrophosphate dibasic practical grade;SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE DIBASIC BIOULTR;Food Grade Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate
E450 Diphosphates consists of sodium cations (Na+) and dihydrogen pyrophosphate anions (H2P2O2−7).
E450 Diphosphates is a white, water-soluble solid that serves as a buffering and chelating agent, with many applications in the food industry.
When crystallized from water, E450 Diphosphates forms a hexahydrate, but it dehydrates above room temperature.
E450 Diphosphates is a polyvalent anion with a high affinity for polyvalent cations, e.g. Ca2+.
E450 Diphosphates is produced by heating sodium dihydrogen phosphate:
2 NaH2PO4 → Na2H2P2O7 + H2O
E450 Diphosphates, or disodium pyrophosphate, is a condensed phosphate formed when sodium orthophosphate is heated to remove the water.
E450 Diphosphates is an inorganic compound consisting of sodium cations and pyrophosphate anion.
E450 Diphosphates is used in food mainly for its two properties:
E450 Diphosphates is a leavening acid that combines with baking soda to release carbon dioxide to improve the texture and volume of baked goods.
E450 Diphosphates is a chelating agent to chelate iron to prevent discolouration in processed potatoes.
E450 Diphosphates is extensively used in food processing, such as in canned seafood, cured meat, and potato products, to adjust the pH, maintain colour, improve the water-holding capacity, and reduce purge during retorting.
However, little is known about its toxicity.
E450 Diphosphates Chemical Properties
Melting point: decomposes 220℃ [MER06]
density: (hexahydrate) 1.86
vapor pressure: 0Pa at 20℃
storage temp.: -70°C
solubility H2O: 0.1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
form: white powder
color: White to Off-White
PH: 3.5-4.5 (20℃, 0.1M in H2O, freshly prepared)
biological source: rabbit
Water Solubility: Fully miscible in water. Insoluble in alcohol and ammonia.
λmax: λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.11
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.09
Merck: 13,8643
Stability: Stable.
Cosmetics Ingredients Functions: BUFFERING ANTICORROSIVE CHELATING
Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR): Sodium pyrophosphate (7758-16-9)
InChI: InChI=1S/Na.H4O7P2.H/c;1-8(2,3)7-9(4,5)6;/h;(H2,1,2,3)(H2,4,5,6);
InChIKey: IQTFITJCETVNCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -3.420 (est)
CAS DataBase Reference: 7758-16-9(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: E450 Diphosphates (7758-16-9)
E450 Diphosphates, disodium diphosphate, acidic sodium pyrophosphate, Na2H2P2O7, Mr 221.97, d 2.31.
E450 Diphosphates's solubility in water is 13g Na2H2P2O7/100g H2O at 20 °C, and 20g at 80°C.
The pH of a 1% aqueous solution is 4.1.
The usual commercial product is the anhydrous, nonhygroscopic salt in powder form.
The hexahydrate, Na2H2P2O7.6H2O, d 1.85, crystallizes from aqueous solution below 27 °C.
Above this temperature, E450 Diphosphates is converted to the anhydrous form.
E450 Diphosphates is used as a (tropically stable) acid carrier in baking powder, for improvement of flow properties in flour, for pH regulation, and in dental care products for prevention of tartar formation.
Uses
E450 Diphosphates is a leavening agent, preservative, sequestrant, and buffer which is mildly acidic with a ph of 4.1.
E450 Diphosphates is moderately soluble in water, with a solubility of 15 g in 100 ml at 25°c.
E450 Diphosphates is used in doughnuts and biscuits for its variable gas release rate during the mixing, bench action, and baking process.
E450 Diphosphates is used in baking powder as a leavening agent.
E450 Diphosphates is used in canned fish products to reduce the level of undesired struvite crystals (magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate) by complexing the magnesium.
E450 Diphosphates is used to sequester metals in processed potatoes.
E450 Diphosphates is also termed sapp, sodium acid pyrophosphate, acid sodium pyrophosphate, disodium diphosphate, and disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate.
Sodium Pyrophosphate Dibasic is anhydrous form, pyrophosphate salt used in buffers.
Food uses
E450 Diphosphates is a popular leavening agent found in baking powders.
E450 Diphosphates combines with sodium bicarbonate to release carbon dioxide:
Na2H2P2O7 + NaHCO3 → Na3HP2O7 + CO2 + H2O
E450 Diphosphates is available in a variety of grades that affect the speed of its action.
Because the resulting phosphate residue has an off-taste, SAPP is usually used in very sweet cakes which mask the off-taste.
E450 Diphosphates and other sodium and potassium polyphosphates are widely used in food processing; in the E number scheme, they are collectively designated as E450, with the disodium form designated as E450(a).
In the United States, E450 Diphosphates is classified as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for food use.
In canned seafood, E450 Diphosphates is used to maintain color and reduce purge during retorting.
Retorting achieves microbial stability with heat.
E450 Diphosphates is an acid source for reaction with baking soda to leaven baked goods.
In baking powder, E450 Diphosphates is often labeled as food additive E450.
In cured meats, E450 Diphosphates speeds the conversion of sodium nitrite to nitrite (NO−2) by forming the nitrous acid (HONO) intermediate, and can improve water-holding capacity.
E450 Diphosphates is also found in frozen hash browns and other potato products, where it is used to keep the color of the potatoes from darkening.
E450 Diphosphates can leave a slightly bitter aftertaste in some products, but "the SAPP taste can be masked by using sufficient baking soda and by adding a source of calcium ions, sugar, or flavorings."
Other uses
In leather treatment, E450 Diphosphates can be used to remove iron stains on hides during processing.
E450 Diphosphates can stabilize hydrogen peroxide solutions against reduction.
E450 Diphosphates can be used with sulfamic acid in some dairy applications for cleaning, especially to remove soapstone.
When added to scalding water, E450 Diphosphates facilitates removal of hair and scurf in hog slaughter and feathers and scurf in poultry slaughter.
In petroleum production, E450 Diphosphates can be used as a dispersant in oil well drilling muds.
E450 Diphosphates is used in cat foods as a palatability additive.
E450 Diphosphates is used as a tartar control agent in toothpastes.
Preparation
E450 Diphosphates is produced from sodium dihydrogenmonophosphate by heating at 200-250℃： Na2CO3+2H3PO4→2NaH2PO4+H2O+CO2↑
2NaH2PO4→Na2H2P2O7+H2O
Biochem/physiol Actions
Amyloid precursor protein α is an α-secretase-cleaved soluble protein that has been shown to have neuroprotective properties.
E450 Diphosphates is derived from amyloid precursor protein.
The protein consists of 612 amino acids.
Several G protein-coupled receptors are known to activate α-secretase-dependent processing of APP.
E450 Diphosphates has neuroprotective, neurogenic and neurotrophic functions.
Amyloid precursor protein a also stimulates gene expression and protein expression.
