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E500 Sodium carbonates refers to a group of alkaline sodium salts of carbonic acid used mainly as acidity regulators, raising agents, and stabilizers in food and industrial applications.
E500 Sodium carbonates, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃), and sodium sesquicarbonate.
E500 Sodium carbonates are commonly known as washing soda and baking soda depending on the form.
CAS Number: 497-19-8
Molecular Formula: CH2O3.2Na
Molecular Weight: 105.99
EINECS Number: 207-838-8
Synonyms: SODIUM CARBONATE DECAHYDRATE, 6132-02-1, sodium carbonate hydrate, sodium carbonate hydrate (2:1:10), carbonic acid disodium salt decahydrate, carbonic acid disodium salt hydrate, disodium carbonate decahydrate, disodium carbonate hydrate, natrii carbonas decahydricus, natrium carbonicum decahydricum, natrium-carbonat-dekahydrat, natrium-carbonat-10-wasser, natron, natrite, nevite, washing soda crystals, soda ash decahydrate, sodium carbonate--water (2/1/10), carbonic acid sodium salt hydrate (1:2:10), sodium carbonate hydrate JP17, sodium carbonate decahydrate EP monograph, sodium carbonate decahydrate EP impurity, sodium carbonate decahydrate MI, sodium carbonate decahydrate MART., sodium carbonate hydrate JAN, UNII-LS505BG22I, LS505BG22I, DTXSID601015751, DTXSID2052285, CHEBI:32141, RefChem:887387, EINECS 6132-02-1 related listings, MFCD00149178, Q27283154, Sodium carbonate-12C, 13C-depleted;ODA ASH;SODA ASH LIGHT & SODA BI CARBONATE;SODA ASH (LIGHT AND DENSE );sodium carbonate, acs primary standard, sodium carbonate, anhydrous, puratronic, SODIUMCARBONATE, ANHYDROUS, BIOTECHGRADE, SODIUMCARBONATE, ANHYDROUS,GRANULAR,REAGENTSPECIAL,ACS
E500 Sodium carbonates consist of sodium ions combined with carbonate or bicarbonate ions.
E500 Sodium carbonates release carbon dioxide gas when reacting with acids or heat.
This gives them leavening and pH-adjusting properties.
E500 Sodium carbonates appear as white crystalline powders or granules.
E500 Sodium carbonates are water-soluble and odorless.
Their solutions are alkaline.
E500 Sodium carbonates provide raising (leavening) properties in baked products.
When reacting with acidic ingredients, they release carbon dioxide gas.
This creates air bubbles and increases product volume.
E500 Sodium carbonates act as acidity regulators, helping control pH in foods and industrial systems.
E500 Sodium carbonates neutralize excess acids.
This improves chemical and flavor stability.
E500 Sodium carbonates have buffering properties, helping maintain stable pH conditions during processing and storage.
This supports formulation consistency.
E500 Sodium carbonates improves product quality.
E500 Sodium carbonates also show cleaning and water-softening abilities, especially sodium carbonate.
They bind calcium and magnesium ions in hard water.
E500 Sodium carbonates improves detergent efficiency.
E500 Sodium carbonates are thermally stable under normal processing conditions, although bicarbonates decompose with heat to release carbon dioxide.
This decomposition is useful in baking applications.
This supports controlled gas formation.
E500 Sodium carbonates is best described as a group of alkaline sodium compounds used for leavening, pH control, buffering, and cleaning applications in food and industrial systems.
E500 Sodium carbonates also finds use in the food industry as a food additive (European Food Safety Authority number E500) as an acidity regulator, anticaking agent, raising agent, and stabilizer.
It is also used in the production of snus to stabilize the pH of the final product.
E500 Sodium carbonates, Na2CO3, is a sodium salt of carbonic acid. The pure product appears as a while, odorless powder with a strong alkaline taste.
It has high hygroscopicity.
E500 Sodium carbonates can be easily dissolved in water to form an aqueous solution with moderate alkalinity.
E500 Sodium carbonates has wide applications in various kinds of fields around the world.
One of most important application of sodium carbonate is for the manufacturing of glass.
Based on statistics information, about half of the total production of sodium carbonate is used for the manufacturing of glass.
During the production of glass, sodium carbonate acts as a flux in the melting of silica.
In addition, as a strong chemical base, it is used in the manufacturing of pulp and paper, textiles, drinking water, soaps and detergents and as a drain cleaner.
In addition, E500 Sodium carbonates can also be used for tissue digestion, dissolving amphoteric metals and compounds, food preparation as well as acting as a cleaning agent.
There are generally two ways for the production of sodium carbonate.
One is through the reactions between E500 Sodium carbonates and calcium carbonate (via the ammonia soda (Solvay) process).
The other is from sodium carbonate and hydrogencarbonate ores (trona and nahcolite).
E500 Sodium carbonates also plays an important role in texture modification of food products.
By influencing pH and gas formation, it affects dough elasticity and crumb structure.
This improves product texture and appearance.
In alkaline food processing, sodium carbonates are used to create characteristic textures and flavors.
Examples include noodles, pretzels, and some traditional baked products.
This improves product authenticity and sensory quality.
E500 Sodium carbonates can enhance browning reactions during baking, since alkaline conditions promote Maillard reactions between sugars and proteins.
This contributes to darker color and roasted flavors.
This improves visual and flavor characteristics.
E500 Sodium carbonates is widely used in effervescent tablets and powders, where it reacts with acids to release carbon dioxide.
This creates rapid dissolution and bubbling action.
E500 Sodium carbonates improves user experience in pharmaceutical and beverage systems.
In fire extinguishing powders, sodium bicarbonate helps suppress flames by releasing carbon dioxide when heated.
E500 Sodium carbonates reduces oxygen availability around the fire.
This improves fire control performance.
E500 Sodium carbonates is used in pulp and paper manufacturing, where alkaline conditions are needed during processing.
Melting point: 851 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 1600°C
Density: 2.53
bulk density: 1100kg/m3
refractive index: 1.535
storage temp.: 15-25°C
solubility: H2O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
form: Solid
color: White
Specific Gravity: 2.532
pka: (1) 6.37, (2) 10.25 (carbonic (at 25℃)
PH: 10.52(1 mM solution);10.97(10 mM solution);11.26(100 mM solution)
Flame Color: Yellow
Odor: at 100.00%. odorless
Water Solubility: 22 g/100 mL (20 ºC)
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
λmax: λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.01; λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.01
Merck: 14,8596
BRN: 4154566
Dielectric constant: 5.3（Ambient）
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with powdered alkaline earth metals, aluminium, organic nitro compounds, fluorine, alkali metals, nonmetallic oxides, concentrated sulfuric acid, oxides of phosphorus.
Cosmetics Ingredients Functions: BUFFERING; BULKING
InChI: 1S/CH2O3.2Na/c2-1(3)4;;/h(H2,2,3,4);;/q;2*+1/p-2
InChIKey: CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L
SMILES: O=C(O[Na])O[Na]
E500 Sodium carbonates also exhibits strong neutralizing capacity toward acids, making it highly useful in systems requiring pH adjustment.
E500 Sodium carbonates reacts quickly with acidic compounds to form salts, water, and carbon dioxide.
This improves chemical balance in formulations.
E500 Sodium carbonates, one component of E500, provides controlled gas release during heating, which is essential in baking.
The generated carbon dioxide expands dough structures.
This improves texture and volume in baked goods.
E500 Sodium carbonates has stronger alkalinity than sodium bicarbonate, giving it greater cleaning and degreasing power.
This makes it useful in industrial and household applications.
E500 Sodium carbonates improves cleaning performance.
E500 Sodium carbonates can act as processing aids in food manufacturing, where they help modify texture, structure, and moisture retention.
E500 Sodium carbonates influence protein and starch behavior during processing.
This improves product consistency.
E500 Sodium carbonates exhibit good water solubility, allowing rapid dispersion and reaction in aqueous systems.
E500 Sodium carbonates supports efficient formulation and processing.
This improves operational flexibility.
In beverages and effervescent systems, sodium carbonates contribute to controlled carbon dioxide generation when combined with acids.
This creates fizzing or effervescent effects.
E500 Sodium carbonates improves sensory characteristics.
E500 Sodium carbonates also have water-softening properties, especially sodium carbonate, which removes hardness ions from water.
This improves the performance of detergents and soaps.
E500 Sodium carbonates enhances washing efficiency.
E500 Sodium carbonates are used in glass and chemical manufacturing, where they act as raw materials and fluxing agents.
E500 Sodium carbonates help reduce melting temperatures of silica mixtures.
This improves industrial processing efficiency.
E500 Sodium carbonates are generally stable during storage when kept dry, though bicarbonates gradually decompose under prolonged heat and moisture exposure.
Proper storage maintains functionality.
This improves shelf stability.
E500 Sodium carbonates is a multifunctional group of alkaline compounds used for leavening, buffering, acid neutralization, cleaning, water softening, and industrial processing across food and manufacturing systems.
E500 Sodium carbonates is an inorganic salt and therefore the vapour pressure can be considered negligible.
It has a melting point of 851°C (CRC Handbook, 1986; The Merck Index, 1983), it decomposes when heated at > 400 °C and therefore a boiling point cannot be determined.
E500 Sodium carbonates soluble in water; insoluble in alcohol; dissolves in acids liberating CO2.
The octanol water partition coefficient (log Pow) is not relevant for an inorganic substance which dissociates.
The average particle size diameter (d50) of light sodium carbonate is in the range of 90 to 150 µm and of dense sodium carbonate is in the range of 250 to 500 µm.
E500 Sodium carbonates is a white, crystalline and hygroscopic powder with a purity of > 98 %.
There are two forms of sodium carbonate available, light soda and dense soda.
Impurities of sodium carbonate may include water (< 1.5 %), sodium chloride (< 0.5 %), sulphate (< 0.1 %), calcium (< 0.1 %), magnesium (< 0.1 %) and iron (< 0.004 %).
The purity and the impurity profile depends on the composition of the raw materials, the production process and the intended use of the product.
For example the purity of the pharmaceutical grade must be higher than 99.5 % in Europe.
E500 Sodium carbonates is known as soda ash or washing soda and is a heavily used inorganic compound.
Approximately 45 million tons of soda ash are produced globally both naturally and synthetically.
Soda ash is obtained naturally primarily from the mineral trona, but it can also be obtained from nahcolite (NaHCO3) and salt brine deposits.
Trona is a freshwater sodium carbonate-bicarbonate evaporite, with the formula Na3CO3HCO3 .2H2O.
The largest known deposit of trona is located in the Green River area of Wyoming, and other large deposits are found in Egypt’s Nile Valley and California’s Searles basin around the city of Trona.
Soda ash is produced from mined trona by crushing and screening the ore and then heating it.
E500 Sodium carbonates is produces a soda ash mixed with impurities. Pure soda ash is obtained by dissolving the product and precipitating impurities combined with filtering processes.
Uses Of E500 Sodium carbonates:
E500 Sodium carbonates is a kind of important raw material for chemical industry with wide application.
It is the important raw material for making glass, soaps, detergents, textiles, leather, spices, dyes, medicines, etc.
E500 Sodium carbonates was used as a pH modifier in toning baths and as the primary alkali in developers used for gelatin emulsions.
As the detergent, it can be used for wool rinse.
E500 Sodium carbonates can also be applied to bath salts and pharmaceutical use and also be used as the alkali agent of tanning.
E500 Sodium carbonates is most used in industry with a small part using by the civilian.
In the soda ash of industry purpose, E500 Sodium carbonates is mainly applied to light industry, building materials and chemical industry, accounting for about 2/3: followed by metallurgy, textiles, petroleum, defense, and pharmaceutical.
The glass industry is the largest soda consumer sector with each ton of glass consuming 0.2 ton of soda ash.
In the chemical industry, it can be used for manufacturing of sodium silicate, sodium dichromate, sodium nitrate, sodium fluoride, baking soda, borax, and trisodium phosphate.
In the metallurgical industry, it is mainly used for fluxing agent, mineral flotation agent, and desulfurization agent for steel and antimony.
E500 Sodium carbonates can also be used as water softener in printing and dyeing industry.
In tanning industry, it can be used for the degreasing of raw hides, neutralizing chrome tanned leather and improving the alkalinity of the chrome liquid.
E500 Sodium carbonates is also used in the production of synthetic detergent additive sodium tripolyphosphate and other sodium salt.
E500 Sodium carbonates is an alkali that exists as crystals or crystalline powder and is readily soluble in water.
E500 Sodium carbonates has numerous functions: an antioxidant, a curing and pickling agent, a flavoring agent, a processing aid, a sequestrant, and an agent for ph control.
E500 Sodium carbonates is used in instant soups to neutralize acidity.
E500 Sodium carbonates is used in alginate water des- sert gels to sequester the calcium, allowing the alginate to solubilize.
E500 Sodium carbonates is also used in puddings, sauces, and baked goods.
E500 (sodium carbonates) is widely used in the food industry as a raising agent and acidity regulator.
It helps doughs and batters expand during baking.
This improves texture and product volume.
In bakery products, such as cakes, cookies, muffins, and breads, sodium bicarbonate releases carbon dioxide when heated or combined with acids.
This creates air pockets in the dough.
E500 Sodium carbonates improves softness and structure.
E500 Sodium carbonates is used in effervescent beverages and tablets, where it reacts with acids to produce fizzing action.
This improves dissolution and sensory experience.
In alkaline noodle production, sodium carbonates help create the characteristic texture and elasticity of products like ramen and Asian noodles.
E500 Sodium carbonates modify protein interactions in the dough.
This improves chewiness and appearance.
E500 Sodium carbonates is applied in pretzels and alkaline baked goods, where alkaline conditions promote browning reactions.
This creates a darker crust and distinctive flavor.
E500 Sodium carbonates improves sensory quality.
In processed foods, sodium carbonates are used as pH regulators and buffering agents.
E500 Sodium carbonates help stabilize acidity during manufacturing and storage.
This improves product consistency.
E500 Sodium carbonates is used in dairy processing, where it helps adjust acidity and stabilize formulations.
It supports controlled processing conditions.
This improves manufacturing efficiency.
In household and industrial cleaning products, especially sodium carbonate, it acts as a detergent booster and water softener.
E500 Sodium carbonates removes grease and binds hardness ions.
This improves cleaning effectiveness.
E500 Sodium carbonates is widely used in glass manufacturing, where sodium carbonate lowers the melting temperature of silica.
This reduces energy requirements during production.
This improves industrial efficiency.
In water treatment systems, sodium carbonates help regulate alkalinity and pH.
E500 Sodium carbonates reduce corrosion risk in pipes and systems.
This improves infrastructure stability.
E500 Sodium carbonates is used across food, pharmaceutical, cleaning, glass, chemical, and water-treatment industries because of its leavening, buffering, alkalizing, and cleaning properties.
E500 Sodium carbonates is used in glass making, in production of sodium chemicals (such as sodium chromates, phosphates, and silicates), in the wood pulp industry, in production of soaps and detergents, in oil refining, in water softening, and in refining of nonferrous metals.
In its hydrous crystallized form (Na2C03.10H2O), it is known as sal soda,washing soda,or soda crystals, not to be confused with baking soda,which is sodium hydrogen carbonate or sodium bicarbonate (NaHC03).
E500 Sodium carbonatess monohydrate form(Na2C03·H20) is the standard compound for scouring solutions.
Safety Profile Of E500 Sodium carbonates:
Poison by intraperitoneal route, moderately toxic by inhalation and subcutaneous routes.
Mlldly toxic by ingestion, experimental reproductive effects a skin and eye irritant.
E500 Sodium carbonates migrates to food from packagmg materials.
E500 Sodium carbonates is generally considered a low-hazard group of food additives and industrial chemicals when used within regulated limits.
They have a long history of safe use in food and household applications.
Their main risks are related to irritation from concentrated exposure.
One common hazard is eye irritation, especially from sodium carbonate, which is more alkaline than sodium bicarbonate.
Contact with powders or concentrated solutions may cause redness, burning, or discomfort.
This effect is usually temporary.
Skin contact may cause mild irritation or dryness, particularly after prolonged exposure to concentrated materials.
Repeated industrial exposure can lead to dermatitis in sensitive individuals.
Normal consumer exposure is generally safe.
Inhalation of dust may lead to respiratory irritation, including coughing or throat discomfort.
