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E575 Glucono-delta-lactone, also called gluconolactone, is the cyclic 1,5-ester (lactone) of D-gluconic acid, a white, practically odorless crystalline powder that dissolves freely in water.
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone is pH-neutral but hydrolyzes slowly in water to gluconic acid, which gives a gentle, gradual acidification and a mild tangy taste of roughly a third of the sourness of citric acid.
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone is used as an acidifier, sequestrant, and curing, pickling, leavening and coagulating agent in foods, and as a skin-conditioning and chelating ingredient in cosmetics.
CAS Number: 90-80-2
EC Number: 202-016-5
Molecular Formula: C6H10O6
Molecular Weight: 178.14 g/mol
Synonyms: Gluconolactone, Glucono-delta-lactone, GDL, D-Glucono-1,5-lactone, delta-Gluconolactone, D-Gluconic acid delta-lactone, D-delta-Gluconolactone, 1,5-D-Gluconolactone, Gluconic acid lactone, Glucono delta lactone, Glucono-δ-lactone, Glucolactone, Glucosactone, E575, INS 575, CAS 90-80-2
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone is a lactone of D-gluconate and a natural constituent of many foods, and it can be found in honey, fruit juices, wine and many fermented products.
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone is an inner ester of gluconic acid, and it is described as an aldono-1,5-lactone obtained from D-gluconic acid with a role as an animal metabolite and a mouse metabolite.
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone is formed by dehydration between the carboxyl group of gluconic acid and an intramolecular hydroxyl group; the ring closed through the fifth (δ) carbon atom is the delta-lactone, and the ring closed through the fourth (γ) carbon atom is called glucono-gamma-lactone.
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone tastes sweet initially with a slightly acid aftertaste, and its sweetness differs from that of gluconic acid.
Uses of E575 Glucono-delta-lactone:
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone is used as a food additive with the E number E575, acting as a sequestrant, an acidifier, or a curing, pickling or leavening agent.
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone lowers the pH and also helps preserve food from deterioration by enzymes and organisms.
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone is an acidulant that hydrolyzes to gluconic acid in water solution and thereby creates the desired pH, and it is used in baked goods, fish products, desserts and dressings.
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone has been marketed for use in feta cheese.
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone is used as a coagulant for tofu and as an acid agent, protein coagulant, pH reducer, color retention agent and food preservative.
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone is also used in cosmetics, textiles, papermaking and medicine.
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone can be used as a nutritional supplement in beverages such as instant drinks, syrups, RTD tea and coffee, sports and energy drinks, and waters.
Some of the earliest uses of E575 Glucono-delta-lactone as a food ingredient were as a flavoring (e.g., sherbets) and to reduce fat absorption in doughnuts and cones.
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone is used in cosmetics for its anti-acne properties and can help improve skin hydration through its water-binding ability.
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone may be selected by formulators as a product stabilizer (chelating agent), and some studies indicate free-radical scavenging capacity.
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone is blended with sodium benzoate in a synergistic preservative blend that gives broad spectrum protection against spoilage in personal care formulations.
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone has multiple water-attracting hydroxyl groups that hydrate the skin, resulting in enhanced moisturization.
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone is a component of many cleaning compounds because of the sequestering ability of the gluconate radical, which remains active in alkaline solutions.
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone is used in the dairy industry to prevent milkstone, in breweries to prevent beerstone, and as a latent acid catalyst for acid colloid resins, particularly in textile printing.
Benefits or Advantages of E575 Glucono-delta-lactone:
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone has low acid release at room temperature and accelerated conversion into gluconic acid at high temperatures.
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone is comparatively less tart/sour than other food acids.
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone has antioxidant and free radical scavenging effects and antiaging and skin-firming properties.
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone is a non-toxic component of the skin and acts as a β-glucosidase inhibitor.
Features of E575 Glucono-delta-lactone:
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone is a white to off-white, practically odorless crystalline powder.
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone has a melting point of 160 °C with decomposition (literature value).
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone is readily soluble in water, with a solubility of 59 g in 100 ml of water at 20°C.
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone hydrolyzes in water, and the rate of acid formation is affected by temperature, concentration and the pH of the solution.
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone gives a pH of 3.6 in a 10 g/L aqueous solution at 20 °C.
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone has a bulk density of 750 kg/m3.
Chemical Properties of E575 Glucono-delta-lactone:
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone spontaneously hydrolyzes in water to gluconic acid: C6H10O6 + H2O → C6H12O7.
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone dissolves in an equivalent of aqueous NaOH to form sodium D-gluconate.
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone has a LogP of -2.38, indicating high hydrophilicity.
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone increased the doubling time and activated enzymes of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone stimulates cellulase gene expression.
Production of E575 Glucono-delta-lactone:
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone is prepared commercially by the oxidation of glucose with bromine water.
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone is also a product of the oxidation of glucose by glucose oxidase.
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone can be crystallised from ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and dried for 1 hour at 110°C.
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone can be freed from other sugars on a column of Celite and charcoal washed with 0.01 N formic acid.
SDS of E575 Glucono-delta-lactone:
Stability and Reactivity of E575 Glucono-delta-lactone:
Chemical stability:
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone is stable under normal ambient temperatures and recommended storage conditions.
Reactivity:
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone is not expected to react hazardously under normal conditions of use, although it should be protected from incompatible reactive substances.
Conditions to avoid:
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone should be kept away from excessive heat, moisture and direct light.
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone should be handled so as to avoid unnecessary dust formation.
Incompatible materials:
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone is incompatible with other highly reactive chemicals.
Handling and Storage of E575 Glucono-delta-lactone:
Safe handling:
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone handling should avoid dust generation and unnecessary contact with the skin, eyes and clothing.
Storage conditions:
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone should be stored in a tightly closed container in a cool, dry and well-ventilated area.
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone should be protected from moisture and direct light.
First Aid Measures of E575 Glucono-delta-lactone:
Inhalation:
After inhalation of E575 Glucono-delta-lactone dust, move the person to fresh air.
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone exposure that causes irritation or discomfort calls for medical attention.
Skin contact:
After skin contact with E575 Glucono-delta-lactone, wash the affected area thoroughly with water.
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone skin contact calls for removal of contaminated clothing.
Eye contact:
After eye contact with E575 Glucono-delta-lactone, rinse immediately with plenty of water for several minutes.
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone eye contact calls for medical attention if irritation persists.
Ingestion:
After ingestion of E575 Glucono-delta-lactone, rinse the mouth.
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone ingestion calls for medical advice if discomfort occurs.
Firefighting Measures of E575 Glucono-delta-lactone:
Suitable extinguishing media:
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone fires can be fought with dry powder, foam, water spray or carbon dioxide, according to the surrounding fire conditions.
Specific hazards:
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone is non-flammable.
Mutation data have been reported for E575 Glucono-delta-lactone, and when heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
Protective equipment:
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone fires require firefighters to wear appropriate protective equipment.
Hazardous combustion products:
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone thermal decomposition or combustion may produce carbon oxides and irritating fumes.
Accidental Release Measures of E575 Glucono-delta-lactone:
Personal precautions:
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone spill response calls for suitable protective equipment and adequate ventilation.
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone spill response should avoid generating airborne dust.
Cleanup methods:
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone spilled material should be carefully collected into suitable containers without creating dust.
Environmental precautions:
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone should not enter drains or waterways in significant quantities.
Exposure Controls / Personal Protective Equipment of E575 Glucono-delta-lactone:
Engineering controls:
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone operations need adequate general ventilation, or local exhaust ventilation where dust may be generated.
Eye protection:
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone handling calls for suitable safety glasses or chemical safety goggles.
Hand protection:
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone handling calls for appropriate protective gloves.
Body protection:
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone handling calls for suitable protective work clothing.
Respiratory protection:
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone handling calls for suitable particulate or dust respiratory protection when ventilation is insufficient or significant dust is generated.
Properties of E575 Glucono-delta-lactone:
Physical state: Crystalline powder
Appearance: White to off-white
Odor: Practically odorless
Melting point: 160 °C (dec.) (lit.)
Solubility in water: 59 g/100 mL at 20 °C
pH (10 g/L, 20 °C): 3.6
Bulk density: 750 kg/m3
LogP: -2.38
Storage temperature: Sealed in dry conditions, room temperature
Regulatory: FDA 21 CFR 155.120; 184.1318
Specifications of E575 Glucono-delta-lactone (USP grade):
Assay: Not less than 99.0% and not more than 101.0% of C6H10O6
Lead: Limit 0.001%
Heavy metals: Limit 0.002%
Reducing substances: Not more than 16.1 mL of 0.1 N sodium thiosulfate consumed
Identification: Phenylhydrazide of gluconic acid melts between 195 °C and 200 °C
Packaging and storage: Preserve in well-closed containers
Names of E575 Glucono-delta-lactone:
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone
Gluconolactone
GDL
D-Glucono-1,5-lactone
delta-Gluconolactone
D-Gluconic acid delta-lactone
E575
INS 575
