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E577 Potassium gluconate, designated as food additive E577, is the potassium salt of gluconic acid.
E577 Potassium gluconate functions primarily as an acidity regulator, stabilizer, and mineral supplement.
E577 Potassium gluconate is an essential electrolyte for human health, E577 is widely used to enrich dietetic foods, table-top sweeteners, and sports supplements.
CAS Number: 299-27-4
Molecular Formula: C6H11KO7
Molecular Weight: 234.25
EINECS Number: 206-074-2
Synonyms:Gluconic acid, monopotassium salt, RefChem:867818, potassium gluconate, 299-27-4, Potassium D-gluconate, D-Gluconic acid monopotassium salt, D-Gluconic acid potassium salt, Gluconic acid potassium salt, potassium (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate, Monopotassium D-gluconate, D-Gluconic acid potassium salt, HSDB 3165, Kali gluconicum, C6H11KO7, DTXSID7029617, d-gluconic acid potassium, MFCD00064211, 12H3K5QKN9, INS NO.577, Potassuril, INS-577, Kaon elixir, Katorin, Potalium, Potasoral, potassium;(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate, Sirokal, Kaon, Kalium-beta, E-577, Gluconsan K, Kalium Gluconate, K-Iao, PotassiumD-gluconate, EINECS 206-074-2, UNII-12H3K5QKN9, Potassium gluconate [USP:JAN], EINECS 252-355-8, Gluconsan-K (TN), D-Gluconic acid potassium salt (1:?), EC 206-074-2, SCHEMBL40567, DTXCID209617, HY-Y0569CR, orb1909184, Potassium gluconate (JAN/USP), CHEMBL2106978, Potassium D-gluconate >=99%, CHEBI:32032, HY-Y0569C, 2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxycaproic acid potassium salt, POTASSIUM GLUCONATE [FCC], POTASSIUM GLUCONATE [JAN], POTASSIUM GLUCONATE [HSDB], POTASSIUM GLUCONATE [VANDF], POTASSIUM GLUCONATE [MART.], Tox21_202774, EBC-26263, POTASSIUM GLUCONATE [USP-RS], POTASSIUM GLUCONATE [WHO-DD], AKOS000277995, AT51665, DB13620, MG07606, D-Gluconic acid (potassium) (Standard), NCGC00260321-01, AC-15968, AS-83530, CAS-299-27-4, DA-66835, GLUCONIC ACID POTASSIUM SALT [MI], POTASSIUM GLUCONATE [USP MONOGRAPH], CS-0108842, G0040, NS00079405, D01298, T20198, EN300-8659817, F463597, F987026, Q1122870, Potassium gluconate meets USP testing specifications anhydrous, Potassium gluconate United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, Potassium gluconate Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard Certified Reference Material, monopotassium salt, d-gluconic acid;2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxycaproic acid potassium salt, D-Gluconic acid potassium salt, Potassium D-gluconate;2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxycaproic acid potassium salt, D-Gluconic acid potassium salt;MONOPOTASSIUM D-GLUCONATE;Potassium (2R,3S,4R,5R);Gluconic acid potassium salt for synthesis;Potassium Gluconate (200 mg);Gluconic acid, potassiuM salt, 99% 1KG
E577 Potassium gluconate is the potassium salt of the conjugate base of gluconic acid.
E577 Potassium gluconate is also referred to as 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxycaproic acid potassium salt, D-gluconic acid potassium salt, or potassium D-gluconate.
It contains 16.69% elemental potassium by mass.
E577 Potassium gluconate is the potassium salt of gluconic acid, formed when gluconic acid is neutralized with potassium, and it is used mainly as a potassium source, acidity regulator, sequestrant, stabilizer, and buffering agent in food, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications because it provides highly soluble potassium while maintaining mild chemical behavior and good compatibility with many formulations.
It is widely used in mineral-fortified and electrolyte products.
E577 Potassium gluconate improves mineral delivery and formulation stability.
E577 Potassium gluconate consists of a gluconate ion derived from glucose oxidation combined with potassium ions (K⁺), forming a highly water-soluble organic salt with relatively mild reactivity compared to stronger inorganic potassium salts.
Its gluconate structure contains multiple hydroxyl groups that interact well with water and metal ions.
E577 Potassium gluconate improves solubility and chelation behavior.
E577 Potassium gluconate appears as a white crystalline powder or granules, usually odorless and easily soluble in water, forming neutral to slightly alkaline solutions depending on concentration.
It is stable under normal storage conditions and non-volatile.
E577 Potassium gluconate improves handling and formulation flexibility.
E577 Potassium gluconate acts mainly as a potassium supplement and stabilizing agent, helping maintain electrolyte balance, regulate acidity, and bind certain metal ions that could destabilize formulations or cause oxidation problems.
It is valued for being relatively gentle in taste compared with some other potassium salts.
E577 Potassium gluconate improves nutritional functionality and product compatibility.
E577 Potassium gluconate is best described as a highly soluble organic potassium salt used to supply potassium, regulate acidity, stabilize formulations, and support electrolyte balance in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and industrial systems.
E577 Potassium gluconate is also important in electrolyte chemistry design, because the gluconate part does more than just “carry potassium”—it also affects how freely potassium dissociates in solution, which can slightly moderate the physiological impact compared with simpler inorganic salts like potassium chloride.
E577 Potassium gluconate makes it useful when gentler mineral delivery is desired.
This improves electrolyte formulation control and tolerance.
E577 Potassium gluconate is often chosen in oral rehydration and supplementation formulas because it provides potassium in a form that is typically well tolerated in the gastrointestinal tract, reducing the harsh taste and irritation sometimes associated with stronger potassium salts.
This is important in long-term supplementation strategies.
E577 Potassium gluconate improves patient compliance and digestive comfort.
E577 Potassium gluconate is used because gluconate-based salts have a milder bitterness profile than many other mineral salts, allowing manufacturers to increase potassium content without strongly affecting flavor.
However, at high concentrations it can still contribute slight metallic notes.
E577 Potassium gluconate improves sensory quality and palatability.
E577 Potassium gluconate acts as a mild chelator, meaning it can bind trace metals like iron and copper that would otherwise accelerate oxidation reactions, leading to discoloration or off-flavors in beverages and foods.
This is especially valuable in clear drinks and fruit juices.
E577 Potassium gluconate improves oxidation stability and product shelf life.
In cosmetic formulation science, it is used as a humectant-supporting and stabilizing ingredient, helping maintain ionic balance in aqueous systems and improving compatibility between water-based actives and other formulation components.
E577 Potassium gluconate is generally considered skin-friendly and non-aggressive.
E577 Potassium gluconate improves cosmetic stability and skin compatibility.
E577 Potassium gluconate is useful because the gluconate ligand can improve solubility and reduce reactivity of potassium compared with harsher salts, making it suitable for sensitive formulations like syrups, effervescent systems, and electrolyte solutions.
It also helps maintain consistent dosing in liquids.
E577 Potassium gluconate improves drug formulation stability and dosing accuracy.
E577 Potassium gluconate is a key intracellular ion involved in membrane potential regulation, while gluconate is a metabolically accessible organic acid derivative, which is why potassium gluconate is often considered a “biocompatible” salt form in nutrition science.
This contributes to its preference in functional nutrition products.
E577 Potassium gluconate improves physiological compatibility and nutritional acceptance.
In industrial water treatment and cleaning systems, it can act as a mild sequestrant, reducing hardness-related scaling by binding trace metal ions, although it is generally less strong than specialized chelators like EDTA.
E577 Potassium gluconate makes it suitable for gentler or biodegradable systems.
E577 Potassium gluconate improves scale control and environmental compatibility.
Melting point: 183 °C (dec.) (lit.)
bulk density: 600 kg/m3
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: H2O: soluble 50 mg/mL
form: Crystalline Powder
color: White to off-white
Odor: wh. or ylsh. fine powd., odorless, sl. bitter taste
PH: 7.0–8.3 (100 g/L, H2O, 20℃)
biological source: synthetic (organic)
optical activity: [α]25/D 11°, c =1% (w/v) in water
Water Solubility: Soluble in water (50 mg/mL)
Merck: 14,4456
BRN: 3919448
Stability: Hygroscopic
Major Application: pharmaceutical (small molecule)
Cosmetics Ingredients Functions: SKIN PROTECTING; CHELATING
InChI: 1S/C6H12O7.K/c7-1-2(8)3(9)4(10)5(11)6(12)13;/h2-5,7-11H,1H2,(H,12,13);/q;+1/p-1/t2-,3-,4+,5-;/m1./s1
InChIKey: HLCFGWHYROZGBI-JJKGCWMISA-M
SMILES: [K+].OCC@@HC@@HC@HC@@HC([O-])=O
LogP: -5.990 (est)
E577 Potassium gluconate is a potassium salt of gluconic acid.
E577 Potassium gluconate is a commonly administered nutrient supplement form of potassium.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.
E577 Potassium gluconate is used in cell culture and in large scale applications such as the cleaning of metal surfaces and in fertilizers.
E577 Potassium gluconate is used as a mineral supplement and sequestrant.
It is sold over-the-counter as tablets or capsules providing up to 593 mg of potassium gluconate, thereby containing 99 mg or 2.53 milliequivalents of elemental potassium.
This is the permissible upper limit for each tablet or capsule of over-the-counter potassium supplements sold in the US.
E577 Potassium gluconate is also sold over-the-counter as bulk powder.
E577 Potassium gluconate is widely used in electrolyte and sports nutrition products, where it supplies potassium, an essential mineral involved in hydration balance, nerve signaling, and muscle contraction, making it valuable in recovery drinks and rehydration formulations.
Its high solubility allows rapid dispersion in liquids.
E577 Potassium gluconate improves electrolyte support and hydration performance.
In low-sodium and sodium-reduction food systems, E577 Potassium gluconate is used as a partial replacement for sodium salts because it can contribute mineral balance with a milder and less bitter taste than some other potassium compounds, such as potassium chloride.
This is important in modern health-focused food design.
E577 Potassium gluconate improves sodium reduction strategies and taste quality.
E577 Potassium gluconate is used in oral supplements, intravenous solutions, and electrolyte preparations where controlled potassium delivery is required.
The gluconate form is valued for good solubility and compatibility with sensitive formulations.
E577 Potassium gluconate improves mineral supplementation and formulation reliability.
In buffering and stabilization systems, E577 Potassium gluconate helps maintain stable pH conditions while also binding trace metal ions that might otherwise catalyze oxidation or discoloration reactions in food and cosmetic products.
This dual behavior supports product stability.
E577 Potassium gluconate improves oxidation control and formulation consistency.
In food preservation and processing, gluconate salts are useful because they can chelate metal ions like iron and copper, reducing unwanted oxidative reactions that affect flavor, color, or shelf life in processed foods.
This is especially relevant in beverages and canned products.
E577 Potassium gluconate improves shelf-life stability and quality retention.
E577 Potassium gluconate is used as a skin-conditioning and stabilizing agent because it helps maintain ionic balance and supports moisture retention in formulations such as creams, serums, and lotions.
It is considered relatively gentle on skin.
E577 Potassium gluconate improves product stability and skin compatibility.
In biochemical relevance, gluconate compounds are associated with carbohydrate oxidation pathways, while potassium is an essential intracellular electrolyte, making potassium gluconate metabolically compatible and well tolerated in regulated amounts.
E577 Potassium gluconate contributes to its nutritional acceptance.
E577 Potassium gluconate improves metabolic relevance and supplement usability.
E577 Potassium gluconate is used as a chelating and sequestration agent that binds metal ions and prevents scaling or precipitation in aqueous systems.
E577 Potassium gluconate improves cleaning efficiency and water-system stability.
E577 Potassium gluconate is considered relatively biodegradable because gluconate structures are easily metabolized by microorganisms, reducing long-term environmental persistence compared with some synthetic chelators.
This supports environmentally compatible formulation strategies.
E577 Potassium gluconate improves biodegradability and sustainability.
In large-scale food manufacturing, its high water solubility and low reactivity make it easy to incorporate into liquid systems without causing major texture or precipitation problems.
E577 Potassium gluconate improves production consistency and process reliability.
E577 Potassium gluconate is useful in systems where both mineral enrichment and flavor neutrality are needed, especially in low-sodium reformulated foods where potassium replacement must not strongly alter taste or texture.
It integrates well into liquid formulations.
E577 Potassium gluconate improves reformulation flexibility and product balance.
In environmental systems, gluconate compounds are readily biodegradable because microorganisms can metabolize them as carbon sources, meaning potassium gluconate does not tend to accumulate in ecosystems.
This is a key advantage in green chemistry applications.
E577 Potassium gluconate improves biodegradability and sustainability profile.
E577 Potassium gluconates high solubility and stability simplify dosing in liquid systems, allowing uniform distribution of potassium without precipitation or crystallization issues during storage.
E577 Potassium gluconate reduces production variability and improves batch consistency.
This improves manufacturing efficiency and product reliability.
Uses Of E577 Potassium gluconate:
E577 Potassium gluconate widely used as sequestering compounds for metal ions in alkaline systems.
It is used in a newly developed process entitled ARS for the prevention of shrinkage in dyed wool fabric.
E577 Potassium gluconate has been shown to elevate lactate production, and ATP content, as well as induce the Hemoglobin (methemoglobin) reduction rate in rat erythrocytes.
E577 Potassium gluconate is used in cell culture and in large scale applications such as the cleaning of metal surfaces.
E577 Potassium gluconate is mainly used as a potassium source, sequestrant (chelating agent), buffering agent, and stabilizer because it helps supply potassium, support electrolyte balance, and improve formulation stability by binding metal ions that could otherwise cause degradation.
E577 Potassium gluconate is used to provide potassium while maintaining a mild taste profile, especially in flavored waters, juices, and functional drinks where strong salty or bitter notes must be avoided.
E577 Potassium gluconate improves taste quality and nutritional balance.
In low-sodium reformulated foods, it is used as part of sodium replacement systems to reduce sodium content while maintaining mineral balance, although it is usually combined with other potassium salts for full flavor performance.
E577 Potassium gluconate improves health-oriented food reformulation.
In sports and electrolyte drinks, it is used as a potassium source to support hydration, nerve function, and muscle activity during and after physical activity.
E577 Potassium gluconate improves electrolyte balance and performance recovery.
E577 Potassium gluconate is used in oral and liquid electrolyte supplements where controlled potassium delivery is needed, especially in patients requiring mineral replenishment.
E577 Potassium gluconate improves medical electrolyte management and dosing stability.
In cosmetic and personal care formulations, it is used as a stabilizing and skin-conditioning ingredient, helping maintain ionic balance in water-based products like creams, gels, and serums.
E577 Potassium gluconate improves product stability and skin compatibility.
In industrial and technical systems, it is used as a mild chelating agent to bind metal ions such as iron and copper, helping prevent oxidation, discoloration, and scaling in aqueous formulations.
E577 Potassium gluconate improves process stability and product shelf life.
E577 Potassium gluconate is a nutritional source of potassium used in fortification.
E577 Potassium gluconate has solubility in water at 20°c of greater than 900 g/l, and a ph of approximately 7.0 at 1% solution.
E577 Potassium gluconate can be used as a partial replacement for sodium chloride to reduce the level of sodium, such as in cheese and bakery goods.
E577 Potassium gluconate is mainly used as a potassium source, buffering agent, stabilizer, and sequestrant because it helps supply potassium, regulate pH, and stabilize formulations by binding metal ions.
In electrolyte drinks and supplements, it is used as a potassium source.
This improves hydration and mineral balance.
In low-sodium food products, E577 Potassium gluconate is used as a partial sodium replacement.
This improves nutritional profile and supports sodium reduction.
In pharmaceutical formulations, it is used for controlled potassium supplementation.
E577 Potassium gluconate improves electrolyte management and formulation stability.
In food and beverage systems, it is used to stabilize products and reduce oxidation reactions.
E577 Potassium gluconate improves shelf life and product quality.
E577 Potassium gluconate is used as a stabilizing and metal-binding agent.
This improves formulation consistency and process performance.
E577 Potassium gluconate is mainly used as a potassium source, sequestrant, buffering agent, and stabilizer because it supplies potassium, supports electrolyte balance, and helps control metal-ion-driven instability in formulations.
In electrolyte and sports drinks, it is used as a potassium source.
E577 Potassium gluconate improves hydration and mineral balance.
In low-sodium food products, it is used to replace part of sodium salts.
E577 Potassium gluconate improves nutritional profile and supports sodium reduction.
In pharmaceutical supplements and solutions, it is used for potassium delivery.
This improves electrolyte therapy and formulation stability.
E577 Potassium gluconate is used to reduce oxidation and stabilize quality.
E577 Potassium gluconate improves shelf life and product consistency.
In cosmetics and industrial formulations, it is used as a stabilizer and mild chelating agent.
Safety Profile Of E577 Potassium gluconate:
Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal route, mddly toxic by ingestion.
When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of K2O.
E577 Potassium gluconates oral median lethal dose (LD50) in rats is 10.38 g/kg.
E577 Potassium gluconate is not an indicator of a safe oral daily dose in rats or humans.
E577 Potassium gluconate is generally considered a low hazard compound, though excessive potassium intake or concentrated industrial exposure may create health concerns under certain conditions.
The main hazard is mild irritation of skin, eyes, and respiratory system, especially from powder exposure during handling.
Protective equipment is recommended.
E577 Potassium gluconate improves workplace safety.
Skin contact is generally low risk, though prolonged exposure may cause slight dryness or irritation.
Washing with water is sufficient.
Eye contact may cause moderate irritation, especially from airborne powder.
Eye protection is recommended.
Inhalation of dust may cause temporary respiratory irritation, particularly in poorly ventilated environments.
Dust control measures are recommended.
E577 Potassium gluconate is not flammable and is stable under normal storage conditions.
This improves handling safety.
From a toxicological perspective, potassium gluconate is considered safe within regulated limits, but excessive potassium intake may contribute to hyperkalemia (high blood potassium levels), especially in individuals with kidney or heart conditions.
E577 Potassium gluconate requires controlled intake in sensitive populations.
From an environmental perspective, it is generally low risk and biodegradable, since gluconate compounds are readily broken down by microorganisms and do not persist significantly in ecosystems.
E577 Potassium gluconate improves environmental compatibility and sustainability.
